Fishes of the carp family are freshwater names. Carp family (cyprinidae)

Cyprinids. Carp fish. Carp family

Cyprinidae are the richest family in terms of the number of species among both freshwater and marine fish. The carp family includes more than 1,700 species belonging to 275 genera, grouped into nine subfamilies. Their body is covered with cycloid scales, but some are naked. The mouth of cyprinids is usually retractable. The sickle-shaped lower pharyngeal bones have well-developed pharyngeal teeth arranged in 1-3 rows. Cyprinid fish either lack antennae or have them, but not more than 1-2 pairs - the exception is the eight-barred gudgeon. The swim bladder of carp fish is usually large, consisting of 2-3 chambers.

Cyprinids have a radial distribution, they are found in tropical, temperate zones, and cross the Arctic Circle. These are the waters of Europe and the British Isles, Asia and the islands of the western Malay Archipelago, North America and Africa. Cyprinids are absent from the reservoirs of South and Central America, the Antilles, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and New Guinea. Currently, carp, tench, silver carp, and roach, brought from England at the end of the 19th century, are found in the waters of Australia.
In the reservoirs of the Murmansk region there are three species of carp - ide, roach and bream.
Ide has a limited distribution. Rarely found in Lake Imandra. It was the subject of fishing in Lake Ivanovskoe (Vulyavr), in the Kovdozero system and Kanozero.
The distribution of roach on the Kola Peninsula is mainly limited to water bodies of the White Sea basin. She is absent from Umbozer. There is very little of it in Imandra and Kanozero. There is a known case of a roach being caught in Lovozero. It is found in significant quantities in Ivanovskoe (Vulyavr), in the Kovdozero system of lakes.
The Kovdozero Reservoir is currently known as the northernmost body of water where bream is common. Its numbers here are small. Bream was caught as bycatch along with other carp fish in the area of Tupyaya Bay, Lopskaya Zapani, the village of Severny, and is found in Mechozero, which is connected to the reservoir by a channel, as well as in Notozero.

Cyprinids are relatively heat-loving fish. The number of species decreases towards the north. For example, 142 species of cyprinids are known in the Yangtze, 50 in the Amur, and only 10 in the Lena basin. A small number of species cross the Arctic Circle in Eurasia - roach, dace, ide, crucian carp, and minnow. The same picture is observed in North America.
Living conditions in reservoirs are very different, and this is associated with a huge variety of carp fish. Their length ranges from 6-8 to 150-180 cm. The giant barbel can reach 3 m. In North America, cyprinids up to 10 cm in length predominate. In the reservoirs of Europe, most fish have a length of 20-35 cm. In the rivers of Asia, the smallest ones are numerous, up to 10 cm long, and the largest, more than 80 cm long, are carp, Aral barbel, yellow-cheeked fish, black and white carp.
Many of the herbivorous fish of Southeast Asia - grass carp, white bream, tsirrin, rohu and other species reach very large lengths, up to 60-120 cm, while the length of the largest herbivorous fish in European reservoirs is about 40 cm.
The body color of cyprinids is uniform, mainly limited to bright silver, golden and olive-brown tones. In European waters, fish with a silvery color predominate. The fins usually have either a grayish color, or yellowish, or reddish of varying intensities.
The colors of Indian and African cyprinids are the brightest and most varied. Particularly noteworthy are the various puntius, colored in cherry, yellowish-orange and olive-green tones with stripes along the body, characteristic dark spots, cardinals, rasboras, striped danios and some other species. Many bright silver cyprinids of North America have a dark stripe running along their body, and there may often be spots on the upper body.

Coloration is closely related to the behavior and habitat of the species. Thus, fish that stay in the water column have a silvery tint, and a golden, olive-brown, spotted color is characteristic of fish living in the bottom layers. A stripe along the body is found in many small fish that lead a schooling lifestyle. For most, the color changes with age. In older fish, it usually becomes brighter. In many species, during the breeding season, the color also becomes brighter, sometimes completely changing. Individuals may appear that are devoid of color, so-called albinos, and, conversely, brightly colored ones - chromists.
Artificial selection has made it possible to develop special forms that differ from individuals of their species in color. Examples include golden orpha, orange-red ide, and golden tench. As a result of many years of breeding work with silver crucian carp, it was possible to develop decorative, so-called goldfish of various shapes and colors - telescopes, comets, veiltails, lion's heads and others.
The body shape of cyprinids is mostly fish-like. Some have a rather high body, laterally compressed - bitterling, bream, silver bream. In benthic species it is often slightly flattened in the dorsal-ventral direction, especially in the anterior part of the body - the common gudgeon, marinka. In most cyprinids, the abdomen is rounded, but in some it is compressed and even slightly pointed, so that the scales covering the body from the sides converge and form a small keel in this area, as in the asp and verkhovka.
Cyprinids are very diverse in their feeding habits and the structure of their mouthparts and digestive tract. Some of them have an upper mouth, numerous rakers on the first gill arch, and feed on either plankton and algae, or small invertebrates. Many species have a terminal mouth; they obtain food in the water column or among thickets of plants; a similar position of the mouth is also typical for predatory fish. Fish that feed on the bottom have a lower mouth. The lips are more or less developed around the mouth. They are especially well formed in species with a lower mouth that forage in soft muddy soil. The lips are fleshy, covered with numerous papillae.
In species that scrape fouling from various substrates - stones, dense soil, twigs, the lower jaw is lined with cartilage and covered with a durable, pointed horny sheath. These include podusts, khramuli, some types of marinka, gudgeon-Vladislavia, living in the Amur basin, and others. These species adhere to dense, usually rocky soils, and live mostly in mountain rivers and streams.
In species that forage in soft soils, the mouth can extend strongly and resembles a tube that penetrates deep into the silt and sucks in various small invertebrates - larvae of the pusher mosquito, oligochaetes. Carp penetrate deeper into the mud than other fish of our fauna - more than 12 cm, crucian carp - 11 cm, less deeply tench - 7 cm, bream - 5 cm. In predatory fish, the mouth almost does not protrude, the opening of the mouth increases due to the lengthening of the jaw bones. Cyprinids have no teeth on their jaws. With their mouth they only capture food, which is crushed in the pharynx when the food passes between the grinder and the pharyngeal teeth.

The digestive tract of carp fish is a tube; there is no stomach, therefore, there is no gastric enzyme pepsin, which breaks down proteins. The stomach is a reservoir where food usually lingers for quite a long time. Its disappearance in cyprinids is associated with the need to ensure the passage through the intestinal tract of a large amount of abundant, but low-calorie food, which most cyprinids feed on. The length of the intestine varies widely among different species of cyprinids. In predators and benthivorous species the intestine is shorter than the body length, in omnivores it is equal to it or slightly longer, in herbivores it is 2-4 times the body length. The silver carp has a particularly long intestine, more than 10 times the length of the body.
Cyprinids consume a wide variety of food - bottom organisms from the surface and from the depths of the soil, organisms of the water column, higher vegetation, detritus, fish, as well as flying insects that accidentally fall into the water.
The feeding habits of individual species are very different. For each species, the composition of food changes with age, according to the seasons of the year and depends on the food supply of the reservoir. Juveniles feed on zooplankton or, less commonly, small zoobenthos. Feeding on vegetation and the invertebrates living on it is typical for cyprinids, which are close to the original forms.
In European waters, the majority of cyprinids feed on invertebrate animals living in the ground and on various substrates, while the minority feed on zooplankton and aerial insects. Many use a variety of animal and plant food sources. There are very few exclusively herbivorous or predatory fish.
Among the predatory cyprinids of Southeast Asia there are small species, for example, the three-lipped fish, up to 20 cm long, and large ones - the topgazer, up to 100 cm, yellow-cheeked, up to 200 cm. In the waters of Europe, the asp is a typical predator. This is one of the largest fish among European cyprinids, reaching 60-80 cm.
The reproductive ecology of cyprinids is very diverse. The difference between individuals of different sexes in most species is manifested in the fact that females are larger than males. But in some species, males guard the eggs, in which case they are larger than females. In general, males are often more brightly colored compared to females, especially during the spawning season. By this time, tubercles of keratinized epithelium appear on the head and body, usually they are milky white in color, they are called “pearl rash”, mating plumage.
Most cyprinids live in fresh waters, but some species can tolerate moderate salinity, and one species, the Far Eastern rudd, is found even in oceanic salinity, but they all lay their eggs in fresh water. Species that live in brackish areas of the seas and go to spawn in rivers are called semi-anadromous. Some of them - roach, ram, bream, carp - enter the lower sections of rivers, others make significant movements. In the latter case, the nuptial plumage of spawners going to spawn is more pronounced.
Cyprinids spawn quite a large number of eggs. No viviparous cyprinids were found. Cyprinids of temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere spawn in the spring and summer. Females of some species lay eggs simultaneously, while others lay eggs in several stages. As you move to low latitudes, the percentage of spawning species increases, and the spawning period extends.
Most carp eggs have a sticky shell; different species lay them on different substrates: some on vegetation, others on stones, and still others on sand. Some cyprinids spawn in rivers, and the eggs they spawn develop in the water column, carried away by the current. The shell of this caviar is not sticky, transparent and quite dense. All bitterlings and one type of gudgeon lay their eggs in the mantle cavity of bivalve mollusks.
Plant substrate flooded with hollow waters is found in relatively calm, low-flow or stagnant areas of the reservoir. In the Volga delta, such areas of terrestrial vegetation, flooded with hollow waters, are called hollows; at the mouth of the Don - zaimishch. Carp fish that breed in fields spawn on vegetation; the eggs are found in a layer relatively rich in oxygen. After a few days, the larvae hatch from the eggs. Vigorously moving their tail, they rise to the upper layers of the water, encounter leaves and twigs of plants, and stick to them with the help of a secretion secreted by “cement” glands located on the head of the larva.

The larvae develop using the reserves of the yolk sac, and even before it is completely spent, they switch to an active lifestyle. They detach from the plants, the swim bladder fills with air, and the juveniles begin to feed on ciliates, rotifers, and small crustaceans, gradually switching to food characteristic of a particular species. With the beginning of a decline in the level of flood waters, the fry leave the hollow and enter river beds, where they continue to feed and grow. Juvenile semi-anadromous fish migrate to the pre-estuarine areas of the sea, rich in food. Species that lay eggs on vegetation include semi-anadromous species in our waters - roach, ram, bream, carp, lake and river species - roach, silver bream, bleak, pond species - crucian carp, tench, verkhovka. In larvae, respiration is ensured by a well-developed network of blood vessels in the fin fold and on the yolk sac. As the larvae grow, these temporary respiratory organs are replaced by gills.
Many river species of cyprinids lay eggs on stones located in places with strong currents. The eggs stick to the stones, but usually break off after some time and are carried by the current into the cracks between the stones, under the stones, where they develop. The fertility of these fish, as a rule, is lower than that of fish that lay eggs on vegetation; the eggs are somewhat larger; the incubation period is longer, which is associated with lower temperatures. The hatched larvae are larger and more formed than those from eggs laid on vegetation, and, in contrast to the latter, avoid light. They do not have adhesive organs; the circulatory system, which performs the respiratory function, is also less developed. After hatching from the eggs, the larvae are usually hid under stones or other shaded places, well washed with water, with a high oxygen content. After absorbing the yolk sac and filling the swim bladder with air, they begin to lead the same lifestyle as larvae from eggs laid on vegetation. This group of cyprinids includes semi-anadromous fish that rise quite high in rivers to spawn - carp, vimbe or syrt, shemaya, as well as typical river fish - dace, chub, podust, marinka and many others. Most cyprinids do not take care of their offspring, but among them there are still a number of species that protect eggs and even juveniles.
External fertilization of eggs, close periods of reproduction of species belonging to the same ecological group, facilitates interspecific and even intergeneric crossing of cyprinids under natural conditions. In European waters, hybrids of carp and golden crucian carp, rudd and bleak, rudd and silver bream, rudd and bream, roach and bream, etc. are quite common. Some of them are probably fertile, for example, a hybrid of roach and bream. Sometimes naturally occurring hybrids capable of reproduction are mistaken for independent species. Several such species have been described from water bodies in North America.
The commercial importance of carp fish is great in Russia, as well as in the countries of Asia and Africa. In the USSR, semi-anadromous cyprinids - roach, ram, carp, bream, shemai, and vimba - are mainly caught in the basins of the Azov and Caspian seas.
Large quantities of bream are caught in reservoirs. Bream and roach are the main fish catch in the lakes. Crucian carp are caught in ponds and small shallow lakes.
The most common species of fish farming in Europe is the carp, a human-developed species. The ancestor of modern European carp is the Danube carp. In addition to carp, tench, gold and silver crucian carp, and orpha are grown in the ponds. Carp and carp are the most popular pond fish all over the world. They are bred in most countries of Asia, Australia, and acclimatized in lakes of the USA and Canada.
Of particular interest is the maintenance of herbivorous fish in cooling ponds at thermal power plants. Such ponds are heavily overgrown with vegetation, and water exchange in them is disrupted: a large mass of water stagnates, and a small amount of flowing water does not have time to cool. Herbivorous fish planted in such ponds eat all the vegetation and grow well. In the same way, herbivorous fish clean water canals in the south of our country.
Many carp fish are caught by amateur fishermen.

Carp is the most famous, but far from the only species of fish from the carp family. There are more than 2 thousand species of cyprinids in the world, including aquarium species. They are common in Russia, Africa, Asia, North America and Europe. The habitat of this large family includes both tropical and temperate zones and even the Arctic Circle. The carp family includes fish of commercial value.

There are more than 2 thousand species in the carp family

General information

The carp family has a common distinctive feature - the absence of teeth on the jaws. The teeth are located inside the pharynx on the pharyngeal bones. The process of eating food involves grabbing food and pushing it inside, where grinding occurs. The oral cavity is mobile, the lips are flat and fleshy. Many individuals have one pair of antennae above the upper lip (except for the eight-barred gudgeon, it has 4). The swim bladder is very powerful, contains 2, rarely 3 sections. The body is covered with large scales or completely naked, which is not so common.

During spawning, the female lays her eggs on flat stones or algae leaves. Eggs usually have a viscous sticky structure with rare exceptions. For example, grass carp's future offspring drift in the flow of water.

The carp family is a commercial fish; even small species are popular among breeders and fishermen. About half of the known species are bred in artificial reservoirs for further sale . These include:

carp;
rudd;
vobla;
silver carp, etc.

Barbs are aquarium fish from the carp family.

Decorative aquarium fish are no less popular. The history of their breeding has been going on for decades. It is known that the first mentions date back to the 1st century AD. For the first time, Japanese specialists, and then Chinese, took up selection. The list of aquarium breeds includes:

goldfish;
brachydanio;

The sizes of natural inhabitants range from 6 to 300 cm in length. This scattering is characterized by the diversity of carp fish species. But large representatives (more than 80 cm) are not found so often. The most common types are medium-sized. The sizes mainly depend on the continent of habitat. Thus, North America is inhabited by small representatives, while in central Eurasia larger fish with a length of about 20−150 cm predominate.

The color can be different, the most common are light greenish and golden shades. But artificially bred selective species surprise with their variety of colors. Colored representatives of the natural environment are found in the tropical zone.

Living conditions

Cyprinids are predominantly freshwater species. Although there are some varieties that can tolerate the salt water of the Azov or Baltic Seas. And the Far Eastern rudd is able to live comfortably even in ocean waters. But absolutely all cyprinids go to fresh waters to spawn.

Fish of this family are considered to be heat-loving., but some breeds adapt to climatic conditions, otherwise they would not be able to spread beyond the Arctic Circle. And on the territory of Russia, where winters are often harsh, they would not be able to survive.

Fish of the carp family are considered heat-loving

The main condition for choosing a reservoir for living is the availability of a large amount of food. Cyprinids are predators for the most part, which means they have an excellent appetite or even gluttony. Absolutely everything goes into the diet:

small fish;
insects;
plants;
cereals;
larvae;
crustaceans;
various plankton.

The peak of gluttony occurs in the warm season. When the temperature drops sharply, the fish's appetite decreases. During the winter months, nutritional intensity drops to a minimum and returns to normal only with the arrival of spring.

Varieties of freshwater fish

There are countless species of freshwater fish from the Carp family; almost all representatives live in fresh water. But it is still possible to highlight a list of varieties that are especially popular.

Carps in nature

This group is of great interest to Russian fishermen and breeders. The fish meat is white, fatty, not bony. Suitable for frying and baking, as well as drying and drying. There are three types:

The common features of carp are large size, similarity in appearance and omnivorousness. There is active reproduction and fishing of fish, which often turns into poaching. There is an active struggle against it, but not always successful.

The common characteristics of carp are their large size.

Other species in the wild

Other species are also cyprinids and differ in external characteristics and territory of residence:

Fish come in different sizes, but all are subject to mass fishing. Some are used as a ram, others as bait. Some of them are bred in artificial reservoirs due to their pronounced taste and usefulness.

Aquarium cyprinids

Breeders have managed to breed many aquarium “carps”, which are also predators and have a pronounced temperament. But their size is modest, and they hunt only for live food, less often for small neighbors:

Of course, there are many more carp fish, but it is quite difficult to describe them all. The 15 species presented are popular among the Russian population and have characteristic features of the carp family.

Although cyprinids are considered the most common commercial fish, among them there are endangered species listed in the Red Book. Today there are 8 of them: black Amur bream, black carp, Russian bystryanka, small-scaled yellowfin, yellowcheek, Dnepropetrovsk barbel, carp, Azov-Black Sea shenaya. Half of them are endangered.

White Cupid (Ctenopharyngodon idella) General information: White Cupid (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a fish of the carp family. The homeland of White Amur (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is East Asia, where it is distributed from the river. Amur to Southern China. The introduction of White Amur (Ctenopharyngodon idella) into the reservoirs of the USSR began in the first half of the 60s, when it was acclimatized in order to cleanse the reservoirs of […]

African barb Despite the existence of numerous species of African longhorned beetles, they are rarely found in aquariums. This is explained by the fact that a number of species are either too large in size or are not interesting in color. Barbodes ablabes grows up to 10 cm in length. Males are smaller than females, slimmer, with more expressive orange areas on the fins. Fish willingly spawn in pairs, [...]

Barbus - Sumatranus (Capoeta tetrazona tetrazona) lives in Sumatra, Thailand, Kalimantan (Borneo). Since its appearance in Europe in 1935, it has been constantly found in aquariums. Reaches 7 cm in length. The paired ventral fins of males have an intense red color, the upper part of the stigma is reddish, the dorsal fin has an intense red edging. APPEARANCE. Like all barbs, [...]

White-eye (Abramis sapa) Description: White-eye (Abramis sapa) (Sopa) is a fish of the carp family. Length up to 35 cm, weight up to 1 kg. Outwardly similar to bream, but has a more flattened and elongated body. The snout is thick, blunt, swollen. The eyes are large (up to 30% of the length of the head) with a white-silver iris (hence the name). Gill rakers are long and dense. […]

Bystryanka (Alburnoides bipunctatus) Description: Bystryanka (Alburnoides bipunctatus) - this little-known fish is very similar to the common bleak, but at first glance it differs from it by two dark stripes running along the middle of the body, on the sides of the so-called. lateral line, and by the fact that it is noticeably wider and more humpbacked. This blackish stripe starts from the eyes and, when […]

Verkhovka (Leucaspius delineatus) - Fish of the carp family. Length 4-5, occasionally up to 8 cm, weight up to 7 g. Similar to a small bleak, from which it differs in its wider body and head, short lateral line (extended to the first 2-12 scales). A network of sensory tubules extends onto the head, located in groups: on the upper part, under the eyes, on the pre-operculum. In the dorsal fin […]

The Verkhoglyad (Erythroculter erythropterus) is a freshwater fish. Found in the waters of China from the Yangtze in the south to the river. Amur in the north, lives on the island of Taiwan, in Western Korea, in Liaohe. This fish is widespread in the Ussuri River and Lake Khanka. The topgazer prefers to stay mainly in the water column. Reaches a length of about 102 cm and a weight of 9 kg. Predatory fish. Feeds […]

Vladislavia (Ladislavia taczanowskii) is common in the upper and middle reaches of the Amur basin, mainly in rivers and streams of the foothill type, preferring open shallow areas with a fairly fast flow, pebble or sandy-pebble soil, sometimes overgrown with sparse vegetation. It easily scrapes diatoms and detritus from rocks and compacted soil with its pointed, cartilage-covered mandible. The intestinal tract […]

Vobla (lat. Rutilus rutilus caspicus) - a fish of the Caspian Sea, is an important fishery item on the lower Volga; is a subspecies of roach. It differs from the river roach in its larger size (up to 30 cm or more) and some secondary morphological characteristics (gray fins with a black edge and silver irises with dark spots above the pupils). Distribution of Vobla - endemic [...]

The common beetlefish (Hemiculter leucisculus) is distributed throughout the entire range of the genus, with the exception of Western Korea; forms a number of subspecies (in the Amur basin there are three: typical, Buirnor, Khanka). The length of the belly is up to 18 cm. This small silver fish in appearance and lifestyle is in many ways reminiscent of the bleak in European rivers. The seaweed is a schooling pelagic fish that lives in both lakes and […]

(lat. Cyprinidae) - fish from the order Cypriniformes. The body of fish of the carp family is covered with scales, less often naked. The upper jaw, as a rule, is bordered only by the premaxillary bones. There are no teeth on the jaws. The lower pharyngeal bones are enlarged, sickle-shaped, usually with one to three rows of pharyngeal teeth. There are no antennae near the mouth or there are no more than two pairs (only one genus Gobiobotia has four pairs). There is one dorsal fin. The auditory bones are connected to the swim bladder by a chain of ossicles (Weberian apparatus). During the spawning period, males (less often females) of many species develop small white warts (nuptial plumage) on the head and upper body.

Carp family- freshwater fish. Only a few of them tolerate brackish water and are common in the Caspian, Aral, Azov and Baltic seas, and one species, the Far Eastern rudd (Leuciscus brandti), is also found in sea water of normal oceanic salinity.

Fish of the carp family spawn in fresh water, but a few species (Aral shemaya, Caspian carp) are able to reproduce in brackish water.

Fish carp family distributed in fresh waters of Europe, Africa, Asia, North and Central America (south to 17° N). There are no carp in South America, Madagascar and Australia.

In this article I will look at fish of the carp family. I'll tell you about their characteristics and their habitat. I will dwell in more detail on the most popular representatives of the family. I will describe the appearance of the fish, conditions of detention and purpose.

Description and characteristics of fish of the carp family

Cyprinidae are fish from the carp family. There are about two thousand species. Represented by marine, freshwater and aquarium inhabitants. Within the family there are more than 250 genera, which are combined into 9 subfamilies.

The habitat of cyprinids is huge.

They are found all over the world, but their main habitat is Asia and Europe.

The body of the fish is covered with scales, the head is bare. The edge of the upper jaw is formed by the premaxillary bones, the belly is rounded without ossification. There are no adipose fins.

Cyprinidae species differ from each other in color, habits, food preferences and lifestyle. The size of the fish can vary greatly depending on the species. Small representatives of the family grow up to 6-7 cm, while some species can reach 1.5-2 m.

The largest carp fish is considered to be the giant barbel, whose length reaches 3 meters. He lives in Thailand and Vietnam.

The body color of cyprinids can be very diverse. The most popular of them:

golden;
silver;
dirty green.

Family Features

Representatives of the family are united by the presence of the Weberian apparatus and pharyngeal teeth. They are located on the lower pharyngeal bone in one, two or even three rows. Cyprinids swallow food with their mouths, and grinding occurs in the pharynx. For this reason, fish have rather fleshy lips.

Fish are also characterized by a large swim bladder and a specific digestive tract. The latter is not divided into compartments, but has the form of a tube. In predators it can reach the length of a carp, and in herbivores it can exceed body size by more than 2 times. The length depends on the diet of the fish.

The most popular representatives in list form

There are several thousand fish of the carp family. They have long taken leading positions in both commercial fishing and aquarium farming.

Below we describe in more detail the most popular fish of the carp family in the form of a list.

River

- a large fish of brown or yellow-green color. Grows up to 35 cm.

It lives in almost any, even polluted, body of water. The fish is heat-loving. Prefers lakes and river backwaters with a small current and a moderately silted bottom.

River carp is a commercial fish species.

The most popular fish among anglers. This species is considered the largest among carp; individuals weighing about 40 kg have been encountered.

The scales take on different shades, depending on the color of the water and plants of the reservoir in which the fish lives. And although scaly carp is thermophilic, it adapts perfectly to northern latitudes. It can be found in lakes, quarries or rivers. Omnivorous. Scaly carp is a commercial fish.

One of the most unusual representatives of his family.

They are distinguished by a small number of scales and increased requirements for the habitat. It is found almost throughout the entire territory of Eurasia, but the reservoir must be well aerated with a large number of well-warmed areas.

Carp is omnivorous. The length reaches 1 meter, body weight - 20 kg. Refers to commercial species.

Valuable commercial fish. Lives in lakes, ponds and muddy rivers. Prefers aquatic plants for food. The size reaches 1.2 m, weight - 35 kg.

Adapts perfectly to any temperature. It lives in Asia, Europe, South America, Australia and South Africa. Often found in water bodies to control vegetation.

Another commercial species of carp. They differ from the rest with a wide forehead. The average size of an adult silver carp: length - 1 m, weight - 20-25 kg.

Silver carp prefers plant foods and is easy to acclimatize. It, like grass carp, is often introduced into water bodies to destroy plants. Inhabits fresh water bodies with muddy bottoms and soft vegetation.

Distributed to almost all territories of Europe and Asia.

A medium-sized fish that lives both at the mouths of rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea and in the sea itself. Grows up to 40 cm, weighing up to 1 kg. Feeds on sedentary invertebrates.

It is often classified as one of the varieties of roach, although the fish differs both in some external characteristics and in its habitat. Vobla is a commercial carp species and is mainly consumed dried or smoked.

Another commercial fish is carp-like. Inhabits fast and slow-flowing rivers, tributaries of rivers and bodies of water with running water. Needs a lot of oxygen. Distributed throughout almost the entire territory of Asia and Europe.

It has an elongated cylindrical body, covered with silvery scales. The anal and pelvic fins are red, the dorsal and caudal fins are orange or brown. Head with a wide flattened forehead and large eyes. It grows up to 70 cm and weighs about 5-6 kg. The fish is omnivorous.

One of the few predators of the carp family.

An adult reaches 80 cm in length and weighs up to 4 kg. The body is elongated with large and thick scales. The belly of the fish is white, the sides are silver with a blue tint, and the back is blue-gray.

It lives in fresh, flowing and clean water bodies almost throughout the entire territory of Eurasia. Belongs to the commercial species of carp.

A small fish of the carp family, growing on average to 12-15 cm. The body is elongated with large scales of dark gray color on top and bluish below. On the sides there are longitudinal stripes and bluish spots.

It lives in rivers and lakes with clear water and sandy or rocky bottoms throughout much of Asia and Europe. Prefers food of animal origin: insects and their larvae, mollusks, bottom invertebrates. Minnows are rarely regarded as a trophy, but are often used as live bait to catch predators.

A small fish from the carp family. The body is elongated, covered with silvery scales with a bluish stripe on the sides. Length - 4-5 cm, weight up to 7 g.

Widely distributed throughout Europe and Asia, where it lives in rivers, quarries and small lakes. The fish feeds on the larvae of insects and bugs, and the eggs of other fish. It is not a game fish, but is often used as bait for catching perch.

It is a low-value industrial fish due to its low taste and bony meat. The body of the fish is oblong with a pronounced hump, flattened on the sides. The scales are enlarged silvery, the back is bluish-gray.

It lives in fresh water bodies of Europe and Asia, the bottom of which is rich in silt or clay. The size reaches 35 cm and weight - up to 1.2 kg. It feeds on plants, mollusks, beetle and insect larvae.

Belongs to the commercial species of carp.

Small beautiful aquarium fish.

Length - 8-10 cm, although some species reach 35 cm.

In its natural environment it lives in Africa, South and Southeast Asia. All types of barbs are characterized by bright colors, many have transverse stripes. The fish are very active and unpretentious in keeping.

The disadvantage when kept with other species is that they are very cocky. The optimal temperature in an aquarium is 21-25 degrees and a volume of 100 liters or more. with moderate lighting and water changes of 20-30%.

The fish are schooling, it is advisable to keep at least 4 pieces. Barbs are omnivores, feeding on both animal and plant foods.

A small aquarium fish that lives in the upper layers of water. Body length reaches 4.5 cm. In nature, it lives in Southeast Asia.

Depending on the species, the color of zebrafish varies. The fish can be blue, pink, yellow, etc. flowers with longitudinal stripes on the body. It is considered a cold-blooded fish, but it also feels great in an aquarium with a temperature of 26 degrees.

Labeo

Another species of aquarium representative of the carp family, whose homeland is the rivers and lakes of Thailand. Lives in the lower and middle layers of the aquarium.

The body is oblong black with a red tail. It grows at home up to 12 cm, in nature it can grow up to 30 cm. They act as aquarium attendants.

aquarium from 300 liters
temperature 24-26 degrees
good aeration, filtration and replacement 25%

There are no problems with nutrition: the fish eat dry, live food and substitutes just fine. Gets along with almost all aquarium fish.

The carp family is one of the largest families of fish on the planet. They are found in almost any pond and aquarium.