The concept of citizenship and the principles of citizenship are very important not only for scientists, but also for all other people, because the relevant institution is central to Constitutional Law and other areas of Law.

A close connection secures fundamental human rights and freedoms and establishes a number of responsibilities that are assigned to an individual after accepting citizenship. It is part of the status of the individual, determines its essence and features. Thanks to the institution, the population is provided with the protection and restoration of rights in the event of their violation both within the state and outside its borders.

The most important laws that regulate the citizenship of the Russian Federation and the principles of citizenship of the Russian Federation are certain parts of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, namely Art. 6, 61, 62, 63, as well as the Federal Law “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation” dated May 31, 2002. No. 62 - Federal Law. If the Constitution gives a general idea of ​​the citizenship of the Russian Federation, then the content of the Federal Law includes the concept and principles of citizenship, key points, grounds for emergence, termination and other issues.

Citizenship concept

Scientists and specialists of Russian constitutional law define the concept, essence and principles of citizenship as a key issue of all law; it is also sometimes called indigenous. Lawyers understand this phenomenon as the political and legal connection of a person with the state, as a result of the acquisition of which an independent supreme power is extended to an individual, called a citizen, acting within the framework of the state and beyond its borders. The concept, the main ideas of the institution under study, its key issues are constantly considered and analyzed by politicians, scientists, and lawyers. Additions are being made to the Federal Law, most of them aimed at expanding the range of opportunities for the population.

Indigenous is the legal status of an individual. A person who has citizenship of a certain state maintains a connection with it even if he is outside its borders. The Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law “On Citizenship” establish and specify the beginnings of this connection. The principles of the indigenous people of the Russian Federation are understood as the initial provisions, prerequisites, basic ideas; this or that phenomenon or process is based on them. It is important to understand that these are rules governing the political and legal relationship between a person and the state. All principles of citizenship are the same for everyone; there can be no exceptions to them.

Basic principles

  1. The principle of unity.

In order for the rule of law to develop, it is necessary to provide people with their rights in a wide range. The provision shows that the basic principles and issues of the indigenous people of the Russian Federation cannot reflect signs of any discrimination against a person. The equality of all people before the law is proclaimed, regardless of social, property, legal status, race, nationality, language and religion. The principle of single citizenship is the basic one, the most important in the hierarchy, this is due to Art. 6 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which defines the federal structure of Russia.

  1. The principle of equality.

It has similar features to the previous rule, but still it has its own characteristics. An indigenous person is recognized as equal, regardless of the grounds on which he was acquired. The law establishes the acquisition of Russian citizenship in connection with the birth of a person (filiation), in connection with entry into it (the naturalization process), the restoration of a person who previously terminated it, and adoption. One of the reasons was option - the process of adoption in connection with a change in the state border of the country. In relation to children, there is a provision of succession. If parents accept Russian citizenship, their child also automatically receives it. The provision in question ensures that, regardless of the basis on which the status of Russian citizenship was adopted, all people are considered equal, there should be no differences in their legal status.

  1. The principle of freedom.

Russian citizenship is a bilateral agreement between an individual and the state; it can be terminated at any time by mutual agreement of the parties. The beginning is connected with the idea of ​​voluntariness, that is, no one can force a person to accept citizenship, he does this based on personal motives. The decision is made without external leverage. A citizen can renounce his indigenous status or accept the protection of another state and become a bearer of dual citizenship. The agreement can be terminated voluntarily, using a reverse option (change of citizenship of the parents).

  1. The principle of extraterritoriality.

Indigeneity does not imply that a person is tied to the territory of one state. International agreements guarantee freedom of human movement without restrictions. A citizen of the Russian Federation can move around all countries of the world and has the opportunity to live in any other territory. If a person has left the Russian Federation, this will not be a reason.

  1. The principle of inalienability.

Legislation devoted to issues of agreement between a person and the state introduced this idea relatively recently. Representatives of the other party cannot forcibly deprive a person of citizenship. In the context under consideration, deprivation is understood as a forced severance of ties at the initiative of the state unilaterally, which does not imply the individual’s consent to termination. Until recently, this procedure was actively practiced; now it is prohibited by law.

  1. The principle of protection of citizens.

A person who has Russian citizenship cannot be extradited to another state or forcibly expelled from the Russian Federation. The country's authorities have the obligation to protect the individual and protect his interests, and expulsion is a direct violation. If a person has committed a crime outside the territory of the Russian Federation, then he is subject to criminal liability and the application of criminal punishment. Responsibility occurs if the act is characterized as a crime, and according to the legislation of the state within which it was committed. There is also a provision in criminal law. With regard to administrative liability, the installation operates differently: a citizen can be subjected to it on the territory of another state.

The Russian Federation is actively increasing its population artificially. The Russian government looks favorably on the adoption of citizenship by persons living within the country without Russian citizenship, or by foreigners. In this case, official confirmation of the person’s status is required with appropriate documents.

By accepting the terms of the agreement, a person can be sure that the country guarantees protection and patronage to its population, regardless of where its representatives are located. In return, certain responsibilities are required. These include: respect for laws, other persons, the obligation to receive a general basic education, and others.

Additional Information

Persons who have acquired Russian citizenship enjoy some advantage over persons without it or foreigners.

The range of possibilities of the former is much wider. For example, they have the ability to exercise passive suffrage: to be elected through an open, general, fair vote.

The concept and principles of the Russian indigenous people are the most important legal aspects, without the development and study of which the formation of a democratic state is impossible. When an institution develops, the state develops, and therefore its laws regarding citizens are updated.

An important feature of this phenomenon is individuality, that is, the agreement between an individual and the state occurs separately in relation to each specific case. A legal entity or association cannot have citizenship.


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