Canada is the second largest country in the world (10 million sq. km.), surpassed in size only by Russia. Canada occupies 1/12 of the earth's landmass and has the longest coastline, equal to 3 equators. Canada is located in North America. It borders the United States to the south and northwest, and the US land border is considered the longest unguarded border in the world. The “border” with Russia is the shortest, since it is simply a mathematical point - the North Pole, where the boundaries of the polar sectors of these countries converge. In the north, Canada is washed by the Arctic Ocean. In the northeast is Baffin Bay and Davis Strait, in the east is the Atlantic Ocean, and in the west is the Pacific Ocean.

Canada's climate ranges from temperate in the south to arctic in the north.

Although most of the land is occupied by lakes and forested lowlands, Canada also has mountain ranges, plains and even a small desert. The Great Plains or prairies cover Manitoba, Saskatchewan and parts of Alberta. Now this is the main agricultural land of the country. Western Canada is known for its Rocky Mountains, while the east is home to the country's most important cities, as well as Niagara Falls, the Canadian Shield, an ancient mountainous region formed by more than 2.5 billion. years ago, covers most of the north of the country. In the Arctic region you can only find tundra, which further north is divided into islands covered with ice almost all year round.

The highest point in Canada is Mount Logan at 5950 m above sea level.

Climate of Canada

Due to the huge extent of the country from north to south (5 thousand km) and from west to east (6.5 thousand km), the climate is very diverse. Part of mainland Canada and most of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are located in the permafrost zone. The rest is in the North Temperate Zone. In the coastal provinces, winters are not so cold. And summer is not so hot due to the influence of the ocean. The average January temperature in the north is 35 C, in the south – 20 C, in the Atlantic – 5 C, in the Pacific – 4 C; July temperatures range from 5 C on the islands of the Canadian Arctic archipelago to 22 C in the south of the country. On the western coast of the country, the climate is influenced by warm ocean currents, causing, among other things, high humidity. There are areas in the mountainous regions that are quite dry, despite frequent rain and snowfall in the Selkirk Mountains. Precipitation decreases as you move from the Atlantic and Pacific coasts to the central regions. Annual precipitation in the east is 1000-1400 mm, in the central part - 200-500 mm, in the far west - up to 250 mm, in the north less than 150 mm. In winter, Canada turns into a fairyland, where giant mountains, impenetrable forests, and endless steppes are covered with thick ice. The maximum thickness of snow cover is up to 150 cm (Labrador Peninsula). In general, winters in the country are characterized by heavy snowfalls and frosts, and summers are characterized by moderate temperatures.

Vegetation

In the far north, on the northern islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, there is a zone of arctic deserts with sparse cover of lichens and a few herbaceous species. To the south it is replaced by a tundra zone located on the Southern Islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the mainland coast. Further to the south, stretching in a strip from the foot of the Cordillera to the Atlantic coast, there is a zone of forest-tundra and pre-tundra woodlands on frozen-taiga, mostly rocky soils and a zone of taiga forests, which are dominated by plantations of white and black spruce, American larch, Banks pine and balsam firs. In the south of the central regions, the taiga gives way to zones of forest-steppe and steppe with characteristic park forests of aspen and the dominance of dry-steppe vegetation, such as koviel and grama grass. In the extreme southeast, south of the taiga, there is a zone of coniferous-deciduous forests; forests have been preserved mainly in relatively inaccessible areas, such as the Appalachian uplands. Altitudinal zonation is observed in the Cordillera. In the north, mountain-taiga forests of valleys on the slopes are replaced by mountain-taiga woodlands, turning into mountain tundra. In the south, in the interior mountainous regions, the valleys are occupied by mountain steppes, which above are replaced by belts of mountain forest-steppes, park forests, and mountain coniferous forests. The Pacific slopes of the Cordillera from the foot to the top are occupied by tall coastal forests of giant thuja, western gelpok, Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, giant fir and other very productive trees. The average annual growth of trees here is 10 cubic meters. m/ha, and the century-old reserve is 900-940 cubic m/ha (versus 5-6 cubic m/ha and 500-550 cubic m/ha in coniferous-deciduous forests and 1-3 cubic m/ha and 100 -300 cubic m/ha in the taiga). The total forest area of Canada is over 440 million hectares (more than 1/3 of Canada's territory). Industrial forests occupy 240 million hectares, containing a timber reserve of about 21-22 billion cubic meters. m.

Wildlife of Canada

The territory of Canada belongs to the non-Arctic zoogeographic region. On the islands of the Canadian Archipelago and in the tundra zone on the mainland, reindeer, musk ox, polar bear, and arctic fox are found. Lemmings, arctic hare, tundra partridge, snowy owl. The taiga zone and partly in the forest-tundra are inhabited by elk, forest deer, bison, red squirrel, northern flying squirrel, porcupine, hare, marten, bear, lynx, red fox, wolf, and beaver. The coniferous-deciduous forests of eastern Canada are characterized by Virginia deer, tsaliti deer, marmot, hares, raccoon, gray squirrel, and red lynx. The southern treeless areas are inhabited by burro deer, pronghorn antelope, pouched rat gophers, ground squirrels, and prairie dogs. Steppe ferret. Steppe fox, badger. Coyote.

In the Cordillera, specific high-mountain species of animals predominate: mountain goat, mountain sheep, grizzly bear, puma. Rivers and lakes. The coastal waters are also rich in fish. In Atlantic waters, cod, herring, haddock, flounder, and crabs are of greatest commercial importance; In Pacific waters, mainly salmon are caught: sockeye salmon. Pink salmon, etc. The main game fish in the lakes are whitefish and lake trout. Insects and reptiles in Canada are not at all different and they are found only in the south. Canada has a large number of nature reserves and national parks. They occupy an area of 730,000 square meters. km. The most famous: Wood-Buffalo National Park, which has the largest herd of bison; Kootenay, Tlassier and Yoho national parks, famous for their glaciers and waterfalls; Jasper National Park – Glaciers, lakes. Hot springs, animals include bears, mountain goats and moose; Canada's oldest national park, which is a mountain resort with hot springs - Bauff Park; Elk Island National Park (elk island) – a large number of beautiful forest lakes. Animals include moose and bison.

Water resources

The area of the country is 9,970,610 square meters. km, of which 755,180 sq. km are occupied by freshwater lakes and rivers. The rivers are fed primarily by snow and rain; on the plains there is a high spring flow. In the Cordillera there are summer floods. The duration of freeze-up ranges from 3 months in the south to 9 months in the north. Canada has more lakes than any other country in the world. In addition to the Great Lakes, which are partly located in Canada, there are 31 other large lakes in the country. The most famous are the Great Bear, Great Slave, lakes Winnipeg, Athabasca, Manitoba, Nipigan, Mistasini. The largest rivers in Canada are the St. Lawrence River, St. John River, Saskatchewan River, the Mackenzie River along with the Slave River, the largest river in Canada flowing into the Pacific Ocean is the Fraser River.

Relief

The central part of the mainland and the adjacent land of the Canadian Aurctic Archipelago is occupied by plains that are located no higher than 200 m above sea level, i.e. lowland plateau, i.e. plains lying relatively high above sea level and separated from neighboring areas by steep slopes. The following stand out: the lowlands of Hudson Bay, which have an extremely flat topography; Lavreptian Upland, its height reaches up to 1000 m and has a characteristic lake-hilly topography; central plains (Mackenzie River lowlands. Manitoba lowlands, Alberta and Saskatchewan plains, area. Enclosed between Lakes Erie, Huron and Ontario, the so-called “Ontario Peninsula”, and the lowlands of the St. Lawrence River Valley), the topography of which is dominated by glacial-accumulative forms; foothill plateau. Great Plains, whose heights range from 500 to 1500 m, as well as with characteristic erosional dissection and forms of glacial accumulation. The western edge of Canada is occupied by the Cordillera mountain system. The height of the Cordillera is 3000 - 3500 m, the highest Mount Logan is 6050 m high. This mountain system includes Mount Saint-Epias (5483 m), Mount Lucania (5226 m), Mount King Peak (5173 m), in the northeast along the coast of Canada The Arctic archipelago and in the north of the Labrador Peninsula - a strip of mountains with an altitude of 1500-2000 m. In the extreme southeast, the region of the Appalachian hills with low-mountain terrain. The Appalachian Mountains are located in eastern North America. They lodge in Canada and the USA. They form a strip of ridges, valleys, plateaus and plateaus, 300-500 km wide. They stretch from southwest to northeast from 33 degrees north latitude. up to 49 degrees N at 2600 km. The Appalachians are divided into northern and southern. The northern Appalachians border in the northwest along a major fault (Logan Line) with the Canadian Shield.

Canada can be divided into 7 well-defined physiographic regions:

1. Arctic mountains

Much of Elslier Island and the northeast coast of Baffin Island is occupied by a series of high mountains and steep slopes. This area is high latitude and exceptionally cold. The surface is bound by permafrost, and most of the territory is covered with ice sheets, reminiscent of the conditions that prevailed in much of North America during the Pleistocene period.

2. Laurentian (Canadian) shield

The area is limited by outcrops of ancient crystalline bedrock. Local landforms are a legacy of the Pleistocene. As massive ice sheets disappeared to the north, they cleared and smoothed the surface. Within this area are thousands of lakes reminiscent of the last Ice Age in North America. In the center of the area is Hudson Bay. The entire area, shaped like a circle, covers half of Canada. The southern part of this area extends beyond Canada and extends into the northern regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and New York.

3. Appalachian Mountains

The Maritime Provinces and insular Newfoundland represent the northernmost edge of the Appalachian System, which begins in Alabama and runs through the eastern United States and Canada. This mountainous region of ancient rocks is also the first area with permanent European settlements.

4. Inland Plains

This region of plains and gently undulating topography, bordering the Canadian Shield to the west, extends from the United States into the steppe provinces and continues in the northwest to the Pacific coast. Together, the Canadian Shield and the Interior Plains constitute an area of low relief that covers approximately 60% of the area of Canada and the United States.

5. Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains rise sharply to impressive heights along the western edge of the Interior Plains. In marked contrast to the gently undulating plains, the Rocky Mountains have peaks often exceeding 3,000 meters.

6. Intermountain regions

To the west lies a relatively narrow corridor of plateaus and valleys that separates the Rocky Mountains from the mountain ranges along the Pacific Coast. This region, extremely complex geologically, is a labyrinth of plateaus, low ridges and valleys.

7. Pacific Mountain System

The western edge of the continent is a wall of mountains stretching from Alaska through the Yukon Territory and British Columbia to the Sierra Nevada in Southern California.

The climatic regions of Canada are very similar to those of the Russian Federation. In the north, the tundra region extends from the Canadian Archipelago through the Ungava Peninsula east of Hudson Bay and ending on the Atlantic coast of Newfoundland. South of the tundra is a vast region of subarctic climate, running from the Yukon and Northwest Territories east across the country to Hudson Bay and continuing into the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

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Area - 9.97 million km2. Population - 33.3 million people

The state is composed. Commonwealths - ten provinces and three territories. Capital -. Ottawa

EGP

. Canada is one of the highly developed countries and ranks seventh in terms of industrial production among the most developed countries in the world

Canada is located in the northern part. Northern. America and occupies 2/5 of its territory. In terms of area, it is the second country in the world after. Russia. It is washed by the waters of three oceans: Northern. Arctic in the north and. Quiet in the west and. The Atlantic in the east has an extremely long maritime border, which is almost 120 thousand km. The coasts are of greatest importance for the formation of economic ties. The Atlantic Ocean and in particular the river estuary. Saint. Lawrence. In the West. Canada is washed by waters. Pacific Ocean. The production potential of this area is growing annually due to the development of external relations and agriculture. USA and countries. Eastern. Asia. Asia.

Canada has a land border only with. USA. The immediate proximity to this country has influenced the fact that they are interconnected and complement each other. The US is the main trading partner. Canada, what does. EGP. P. Canada is relatively profitable to them.

Population

Today's population. 1/3 of Canada is made up of immigrants. Natural population growth - 6 per 1000 people

Average life expectancy is more than 77 years. More than 10% of the population is over 65 years of age, and their share continues to grow

Modern population. Canada was formed primarily from immigrants from European countries. The indigenous inhabitants - Indians (1 million people) and Eskimos (50 thousand people) had very little influence on the formation. Canadian Khoi Nation. The basis of the population. Canada is made up of Anglo-Canadians (about 58% of the population) and French-Canadians (31% of the population). A significant part of immigrants from. Germany,. Italy, Ukraine. The official languages are English and French. French Canadians inhabit the province. Quebec and from time to time put forward demands for the creation of a French-Canadian state. Ukrainians make up 10% of the province's population. Manitoba and 8% -. Saskatchewan (total about 1 million people).

Average population density in. Canada has one of the lowest in the world - just over three people per 1 km2. In the river valley. Saint. Lawrence and on the mid-lake plain it reaches 160 people per 1 km2. In the north, because of the poor territories, there are two people for every 100 km2. Two-thirds of the population is concentrated in the lakeside parts, and 90% live in the strip adjacent to the border with. USUSA.

The urbanization rate is 80%. The process of suburbanization is developing intensively. Today it is the great administrative, financial, trade, transport, scientific and cultural centers of the country. Toronto,. Montreal,. Ottawa,. Vancouver,. Edmonton,. Calgary,. Winnipeg.

About 75% of the country's population is employed in the service sector

Natural conditions and resources

By diversity and total reserves of mineral resources. Canada occupies one of the leading places in the world. In its depths there are large deposits of energy, ore and non-metallic minerals, it ranks fifth in the world in terms of coal reserves, and has significant deposits of oil and gas. Significant deposits of these types of hydrocarbon fuels have been discovered in the foothills. Cordillera. Canada is rich in uranium ores, which account for 2/5 of their reserves in developed countries worldwide.

There are significant deposits of ore minerals on the territory of the state; which are concentrated both within the Canadian crystalline shield and in the mountains. Cordillera. Particularly significant are the reserves of iron ores, various ores of non-ferrous metals (especially nickel, polymetallic ores, copper, titanium and other non-ferrous metals).

. Canada has the world's largest reserves of non-metallic minerals, namely potassium salts, which is an important prerequisite for the production of potash fertilizers here. Canada has significant deposits of a variety of construction raw materials

In general, the country’s territory has not yet been sufficiently developed, and its subsoil, especially in the northern regions, has been poorly explored. Recently, the state has been investing heavily in the economic development of the northern territories

Canada has vast water resources spanning. Great lakes and rivers. St. Lawrence,. Mackenzie, Yukon,. Nelson. There are significant reserves of fresh water in the central and especially northern regions. Canada, where there are many freshwater lakes and deep rivers. But the poor development of these regions does not contribute to the use of the water resources available here. Canada has many mountain rivers, so there are large reserves of hydro resources.

Approximately half (43%) of the territory. Canada is covered with forests, most of which are located in areas accessible to development. In terms of forest reserves (about 20% of the world). Canada ranks third in the world after. Russia and. Brazil.

Diversity of natural conditions. Canada is defined by its geographical location. Territory. Canada stretches from south to north for 4600 km and is located in the temperate, subarctic and arctic zones. S. From east to west it extends for 5200 km and is located in six time zones. Territory. Canada covers many islands and peninsulas that are still little developed and characterized by extreme climatic conditions. The main elements of the relief are: Appalachian Mountains. Cordillera and located between them. Laurentian Upland with adjacent lowlands.

Only southern regions. Canada has favorable soil and climatic conditions for the development of agriculture. This development is held back by. The Great Plains have insufficient precipitation (250-500 mm per year). For the most part. Canada's soils are podzolic; in the south - gray forest, chernozem and chestnut soils; 15% of the country's territory is suitable for cultivation. Almost 70 million hectares are used in agriculture.

Canadian territories are located on the North American continent. Canada's lands occupy 9.9 million square meters on the globe. km. The country has vast territories rich in natural resources and minerals.

Geographical characteristics of Canada

The second largest country in the world by area is washed by the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic, and the Pacific Ocean. Canada's coastline is also the longest among other countries.

Some Canadian islands are pushing the country's territory 800 kilometers deeper into the Arctic Circle..

Canada's largest border is with the United States. It runs in the south of the state, connecting the two countries with economic and transport interests.

Mount Logan is the highest point in Canada, at 5,951 meters above sea level. Canada has a lot of mainland territories, but there are also quite large island formations: Baffin Island, Newfoundland, Victoria, Devon and others.

Map of Canada in Russian

Relief of Canadian lands

The Saint Elijah Mountains isolate most of Canada from beautiful fjords and bays. Near the Atlantic Ocean, the country's topography is represented by wide prairies. Plains, lowlands and the flat Polar Zone are the main southern territories of Canada.

The tundra landscape is also characteristic of this state, as are mixed forests in the west and north. Canadian lands are dotted with rivers, lakes and wetlands. The capital of the state is the city of Ottawa.

1.1 Geographical location of Canada

Canada See Appendix 1 is the second largest country in the world (10 million sq. km.), which is surpassed in size only by Russia. Canada occupies 1/12 of the earth's landmass and has the longest coastline, equal to 3 equators. Canada is located in North America. It borders the United States to the south and northwest, and the US land border is considered the longest unguarded border in the world. The “border” with Russia is the shortest, since it is simply a mathematical point - the North Pole, where the boundaries of the polar sectors of these countries converge. In the north, Canada is washed by the Arctic Ocean. In the northeast is Baffin Bay and Davis Strait, in the east is the Atlantic Ocean, and in the west is the Pacific Ocean.

Canada's climate ranges from temperate in the south to arctic in the north.

The highest point in Canada is Mount Logan at 5950 m above sea level.

Physical-geographical location of Canada:

Physiographically, Canada is divided into five main parts: the Appalachian-Acadian region (southeast of the country), the Canadian Shield, the Interior Lowlands, the Great Plains (in the center) and the Cordillera (in the west). The territory of the country is a complex geological structure, where there are rocks of various ages. Next to the oldest geological formation, which is the Canadian Shield, there are young mountains - the Cordillera.

More than half of the country's territory is occupied by the Laurentian Plateau, which is part of the Canadian Shield. This is the oldest part of the Canadian landmass, covered in the recent past by a glacier and still bearing traces of glaciation: smoothed rocks, moraines, chains of lakes. The plateau is a gently undulating plain. This is the most rugged and uninhabited part of the country, but with huge mineral reserves.

From the north and south, the plateau is surrounded by large lowlands - the Interior Plains, the Laurentian Lowlands and the Hudson Strait Lowlands, which represent a characteristic picture of the Canadian landscape and brought Canada the glory of a country of boundless expanses with favorable natural conditions.

In spring, the boundless expanse of steppes is covered with a green carpet, in summer - with a golden blanket, and in winter - with a white blanket. Such steppes are mainly located in the southern parts of the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, which is why these provinces are called steppe. The Laurentian Lowland is located in the most favorable climatic conditions - a temperate climate and fertile soils. That is why the main economic region of the country is located here.

In the southeast of the country lie the Appalachian Mountains, an ancient mountain system rich in minerals like our Urals. Their average height does not exceed 600 m. The Appalachians are covered with dense forests. To the northwest of the Appalachians is the Canadian Shield, consisting of granites and gneisses. There are many swamps, lakes, and rapids rivers. From the west and south, the shield is bordered by a chain of lakes - from Great Bear Lake to the Great Lakes. The Canadian Shield region is a rugged and sparsely populated part of the country.

West of the Canadian Shield lie the Great Plains. Their southern part - the Interior Lowlands - is the breadbasket of Canada (75% of the country's arable land). In the western part of Canada on the Pacific coast there is one of the greatest and most beautiful mountain systems in the world - the Cordillera, stretching for 2.5 thousand km from north to south and 750 km from west to east. Within Canada, they are divided into the Rocky Mountains (in the east), the Coast Range (in the west) and the plateau that lies between them. The height of the mountains is 2000-3000 m above sea level. These relatively young mountains are also rich in mineral resources, most of which are being mined.

Economic and geographical position of Canada:

Canada occupies most of the northern part of North America. 75% of the territory is the north zone. Canada shares a land border with the United States in the south and northwest (between Alaska and Yukon) and stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Arctic Ocean in the north. It also shares maritime borders with France (Saint Pierre and Miquelon) and Denmark (Greenland). Since 1925, Canada has owned part of the Arctic between 60? w.d. and 141? z.d., however, these possessions are not generally recognized.

The USA is a developed country. It ranks fourth in the world in terms of territory. The United States borders Mexico in the south and also has a maritime border with Russia. The USA has the largest economy in the world. Many natural resources, including energy and raw materials. High-tech production. Scientific research is developed. The service sector and competitive industry are well developed.

The country's transport system includes more than 1.1 million kilometers of highways, ten major international and about three hundred regional and local airports, 72,093 kilometers of railways and more than 300 commercial seaports providing access to the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic oceans , the waters of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. In 2005, revenues from the country's transportation sector accounted for 4.2% of Canada's GDP -- 0.5% more than revenues from oil and natural gas production.

Canada can be divided into 7 physiographic regions. Arctic mountains. Much of Ellesmere Island and the northeast coast of Baffin Island is occupied by a series of high mountains and steep slopes. This area is high latitude and exceptionally cold. The surface is bound by permafrost, and most of the territory is covered with ice sheets.

Laurentian (Canadian) shield. The territory of this area is characterized by outcrops of ancient crystalline bedrock. Local landforms are a legacy of the Ice Age. As the massive ice sheets retreated north, they cleared and smoothed the surface. There are thousands of lakes within this area, with Hudson Bay at the center. The entire area, shaped like a circle, covers almost half of Canada (4.6 million km). The area is extremely rich in mineral resources; deposits of almost all elements of the periodic table have been found here.

Appalachian Mountains. The Maritime Provinces and the insular portion of Newfoundland represent the northernmost edge of the Appalachian System, which runs through the eastern United States into Canada. This is a mountainous area of ancient rock formations.

Inland plains. Bordering the Canadian Shield to the west, this region of plains and gently undulating terrain extends from the United States into the Steppe Provinces and continues in the northwest to the Pacific Coast. The Canadian Shield and Interior Plains are an area of low relief that covers approximately 60% of the area of Canada and the United States.

The Rocky Mountains rise sharply along the western edge of the Interior Plains. Contrasting with the gently undulating plains, the Rocky Mountains have peaks that often exceed 3 thousand meters.

Intermountain regions. To the west lies a relatively narrow corridor of plateaus and valleys that separates the Rocky Mountains from the mountain ranges along the Pacific Coast. This region, extremely complex geologically, is a labyrinth of plateaus, low ridges and valleys.

Pacific mountain system. The western edge of the continent is mountainous country stretching from Alaska through the Yukon Territory and British Columbia to the Sierra Nevada in Southern California.

The climatic regions of Canada and Russia are very similar. In the North, the tundra region extends from the Canadian Archipelago through the Ungava Peninsula east of Hudson Bay and ends on the Atlantic coast of Newfoundland. South of the tundra is a vast region of subarctic climate, running from the Yukon and Northwest Territories east across the country to Hudson Bay and continuing into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In the south, this zone reaches the northern shore of Lake Superior. South of the subarctic belt is a region of humid continental climate, extending through the southern part of the Steppe Provinces and through the Great Lakes region into the Maritime Provinces. However, all natural zones in Canada, compared to Russia (especially its European part), are shifted to the south. The fact is that instead of the warm Gulf Stream, its eastern shores are washed by the cold Labrador Current, and the North Pole, according to scientists, in the distant past was located on the territory of what is now Canada, where the Earth’s north magnetic pole still remains. Here in much more southern latitudes than here - sometimes even in Montreal! - you can see the northern lights. The climate in Montreal is approximately the same as in Moscow, although Montreal, like the capital, Ottawa, is located at the latitude of Simferopol. And at the latitude of Moscow in eastern Canada there is already tundra. As in Russia, approximately 70% of Canada's territory is usually classified as the Northern region.

Political-geographical position of Canada:

Canada is a federal state that occupies most of the North American mainland and numerous adjacent islands. Today, Canada is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, a bilingual and multicultural country where English and French are recognized as official languages at the federal level.

It is washed by the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans, bordered by the United States in the south and northwest, and Denmark (Greenland) and France (Saint-Pierre and Miquelon) in the northeast. Canada's border with the United States is the longest shared border in the world. The capital of Canada is Ottawa.

Over the past 60 years, Canada has emerged as a champion of diversity, working to resolve international conflicts in cooperation with other countries.

As a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Canada has a defensive army without nuclear weapons. There are currently 62,000 permanent military personnel in service and 26,000 in the reserves. The Canadian Armed Forces consists of infantry, navy and air force. The bulk of the weapons include 1,500 infantry fighting vehicles, 34 warships and 861 aircraft.

Canada participated in the First and Second World Wars on the side of the Allies. She also served in the Korean War on the side of the United States. Canada has been active in international missions under UN and NATO command since 1950, including peacekeeping operations, various missions in the former Yugoslavia, and supporting Coalition forces in the 1st Gulf War. Since 2001, Canada has had a presence in Afghanistan in partnership with US stabilization forces and NATO international forces with UN support. The Disaster Relief Team was involved in three significant rescue operations following the December 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia, the September 2005 Hurricane Katrina on the American coast, and the October 2005 Kashmir earthquake.

Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories. See Appendix 2. Canada's newest administrative unit is the territory of Nunavut (created in 1999).

Provinces are states that exist under the Canadian Constitution and have the highest authority within their jurisdiction, independent of the federal government.

Canadian territories are administrative units administered by the Canadian federal Parliament, which by ordinary law grants certain powers to their local governments.

The ten modern provinces are: Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan. Three territories: Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Yukon.

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General information

Canada's form of government is a federal state. It consists of 10 provinces united by the Canadian constitution (Quebec, Manitoba, Newfoundland and Lambrador, New Brunswick, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island) and 3 territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut). The capital of Canada, Ottawa, is located in the province of Ontario. The official state languages of the country are English and French.

Dream country

Canada's geographical position, stretching across several natural zones from the Arctic deserts occupying almost all of Greenland and the Arctic Archipelago, to the forest-steppes and steppes covering the Great Plains, has determined the diversity and richness of its natural conditions and resources. This served as a favorable factor in the development of the country's economic condition. And the presence of access to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans contributed to the increase in its status in the system of international relations and in key international organizations in nearby regions.

A high standard of living, a well-developed economy, an education and healthcare system, clean and safe modern cities, many different cultures - this is not the entire list of advantages that distinguish Canada. In 1992, the UN declared it “the most attractive country in which to live.”