Population migration is a complex social process, the emergence of which is determined by the location of production, changes in the economic structure and the growth of labor and social mobility of the population. In this article we will consider the concept of this process, determine what types of internal migration there are, what features characterize external migration, etc.

Migration has a significant impact on employment, the balance of the labor force and jobs both in individual regions and in the country as a whole. The law of migration: people strive to those regions where the conditions of cultural and material life are better. An inalienable human right in civil society is freedom of movement.

Migration leads to changes in the structure and size of the population in certain territories of the state, the formation of groups of employed and unemployed working-age population.

Much attention in this process is paid to the gender and age structure of migrants, since the disproportionality of such migrants negatively affects the development of the region from which people leave and where they enter.

Internal migration

Internal migration is the movement of population within the territory of Russia. Internal migration can be forced or voluntary. Voluntary relocation occurs when citizens move to another place due to personal circumstances, at their own request. Forced migration occurs when there is an imminent need to move to another region: due to violence based on nationality or race, a threat to life, or for some other reason.

Internal migration in Russia is currently represented mainly by flows of forced migrants and refugees from countries that were formerly part of the USSR. The number of migration processes within the country as a result of interethnic conflicts already exceeds hundreds of thousands of people.

Migration of this type affects the labor and employment markets in different ways. On the one hand, it is accompanied by additional expenses for the accommodation of internally displaced persons and refugees, payment of certain cash benefits to them, etc. On the other hand, by sending migrants to regions with labor shortages, their economic situation and demographic situation can be improved.

External migration

External migration in Russia today represents quite a big problem, since there is a continuous increase in the number of emigrants. According to official statistics, the scale of migration, taking into account its increase over the last year by 16%, to other countries in ten years will exceed the figure of 600-800 thousand people per year.

Types of population migration/reasons for migration: Video

Reasons for migration

The main reasons for migration processes are: