Little-known wonders of the world (13 photos). Little-known wonders of the world (13 photos) The Great Wall of China
On July 21, 365 it was partially destroyed Alexandrian lighthouse- one of the wonders of the world. In this regard, we decided to recall six wonders of the Ancient World, which, unfortunately, can no longer be seen.
Alexandria Lighthouse, Pharos Island, Egypt
Some historians believe that the lighthouse was visible from a distance of 35 miles.
Scientists have found that the height of the Alexandria lighthouse could be from 116 to 137 meters. He stood on small island Faros, located off the coast of Alexandria. The lighthouse tower was made of light stone, and at its highest point there was a mirror installed to reflect the sunlight. At night a fire was lit on the tower. Some historians believe that the lighthouse was visible from a distance of 35 miles. Unfortunately, earthquakes destroyed the structure - finally in 1375, and in 1480 its ruins were also destroyed when a fortress was built in its place.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Iraq
The Hanging Gardens are believed to have been built around 600 BC by Nebuchadnezzar II, the ruler of Babylon. Historians often argue about the very fact of the existence of these gardens, because there is no evidence left, and there is no mention of gardens in Babylonian documents (they were first described by Greek scientists).
However, many believe that they were: vaulted terraces supported by columns rose one above the other.
These terraces were filled with earth and had trees and flowers hanging over the edges. The most remarkable thing about these gardens was their irrigation system, which brought water from the Euphrates to the plants. The gardens were destroyed by an earthquake in the first century BC.
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Selcuk, Türkiye
The temple was made of marble.
Built around 550 BC during the reign of the Persian Achaemenid dynasty in honor of the Greek goddess of hunting and nature, this temple was burned in 356 BC. The ancient writer and philosopher Pliny described the temple as a structure 115 meters long and 55 meters wide (three times the size of the famous Parthenon) with 127 Ionic columns 18 meters high. The temple was made of marble. It was used both for trade and for religious ceremonies, and its walls were decorated with paintings and sculptures.
Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Olympia, Greece
A huge statue of the god Zeus by the sculptor Phidias was built in the Temple of Olympia in 450 BC. The 12-meter image of Zeus was carved from ivory and decorated with gold. God sat on a throne decorated precious stones, holding in his right hand a statue of Nike (the goddess of victory), and in his left hand a scepter with an eagle. There are many theories to explain the destruction of the statue. Some scientists believe that it was destroyed along with the temple in the 5th century. Others believe that she was transported to Constantinople, where she died in a fire in 462 AD.
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Southwestern Türkiye
Numerous earthquakes in the 14th century led to the destruction of the mausoleum.
The mausoleum was built for the burial of the Persian king Mausolus and his wife Artesisia in 353 BC. Greek architects Satyr and Pytheas. The tomb was located on a hill above the ancient city of Halicarnassus. The width of the Mausoleum was 41 meters, and its internal walls were decorated with fabric. The huge and luxurious tomb was decorated with many statues, bas-reliefs and columns. But, alas, numerous earthquakes in the 14th century led to the destruction of the mausoleum.
Colossus of Rhodes, Rhodes, Greece
The Colossus was a huge 30-meter tall statue of the Greek god Helios, built on the island of Rhodes in 280 BC. The statue was erected after the successful defense of the island from invasion in 304 BC.
More than one and a half thousand years ago, on July 21, a strong earthquake destroyed the legendary Alexandria Lighthouse. The fate of other wonders of the world was also extremely sad: none of them survived, with the exception of the Pyramid of Cheops.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
They were built by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II in the 7th century BC, but stood until the end of the millennium. Constant flooding made the foundation unstable, and at one point the gardens simply collapsed in the blink of an eye.
Gardens of Babylon. (wikipedia.org)
The Colossus of Rhodes
This giant met overseas guests in Greece on the island of Rhodes. It repeated the fate of the Alexandria lighthouse - the earthquake of 224 BC knocked the Colossus off his feet right into the sea.
The Colossus of Rhodes. (wikipedia.org)
mausoleum in Halicarnassus
Mausoleum in Halicarnassus. (wikipedia.org)
This palace can rightly be called a “long-liver” - it lasted until 1494, but an earthquake turned it into ruins. The remains of a mausoleum that stood for more than a thousand years can be seen in Turkey
Zeus statue
In 435 BC, a statue of Zeus appeared in Olympia, which took ten years to build. According to historical sources, this creation made of ivory, gold and marble was transferred to Constantinople, where it burned down during a terrible fire already in the 4th century AD.
Statue of Zeus. (wikipedia.org)
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
This temple avoided the fate of the lighthouse in Alexandria and the Colossus of Rhodes because it was built on marshy ground in 560 BC. e. In 356 it was set on fire by the Greek Herostratus, but the building was later repaired. Several centuries later, the house of the goddess Artemis was plundered by the Goths, and when Christianity began to spread throughout Turkey, the stones were used to build other temples.
Temple of Artemis. (wikipedia.org)
The Pyramid of Cheops
The Pyramid of Cheops. (wikipedia.org)
Construction of this monument began around 2560 BC and continued for several centuries. The pyramid was supposed to become a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops. The structure and statistical indicators of the building excite the minds of scientists around the world - to build such a structure seems impossible in those distant times.
Seven wonders of the world. From left to right, top to bottom: Pyramid of Cheops Hanging Gardens of Babylon Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Statue of Zeus at Olympia Mausoleum ... Wikipedia
The New Seven Wonders of the World is a project whose goal was to search for the modern seven wonders of the world. Organized by the non-profit organization New Open World Corporation (NOWC) on the initiative of the Swiss Bernard Weber. Election of the new seven “wonders of the world” from ... ... Wikipedia
Seven Wonders of the World- (lat. septem miracula mundi) seven works of ancient architecture and sculpture, which, according to contemporaries, had no equal in grandeur, beauty and uniqueness: Egyptian pyramids, hanging gardens Semiramis, Halicarnassus Mausoleum... Ancient world. Dictionary-reference book.
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE LIGHT Dictionary-reference book for Ancient Greece and Rome, according to mythology
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD- Egyptian pyramids near Memphis, the Halicarnassian mausoleum, the Babylonian “Hanging Gardens”, the Ephesian Temple of Artemis, the statue of Zeus in Olympia by Phidias, the Colossus of Rhodes and the Alexandrian lighthouse (a huge Pharos fortress with a lighthouse, where, according to... ... List of Ancient Greek names
This article is being prepared as an alternative and more verified version of the Holy Fire article. Unlike the previous article, the emphasis is shifted from the miraculous component to the Holy Light ceremony itself. The previous article Holy Fire, you can... ... Wikipedia
Seven wonders of the world. From left to right, top to bottom: Pyramid of Cheops Hanging Gardens of Babylon Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Statue of Zeus at Olympia Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Colossus of Rhodes Lighthouse of Alexandria Walls of Babylon Seven Wonders of the World (or Seven Wonders of the World... ... Wikipedia
PULL OUT FROM THIS WORLD
PULL OUT FROM THIS WORLD- who brings whom back to life, saves. It is implied that who l. is in a critical condition (between life and death) and has an extremely low chance of survival. This means that one person (Y) prevented another person or group of persons (X) from dying. speech... Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language
Books
- Wonders of the World, Maria Zamyatina. Chips - Age 7+ - Hypotheses about the past and future planets - Unique photographs from the most inaccessible cornersBook of Wonders of the World. My first school project is an exciting...
- Wonders of the World, Ash Russell. Seven ancient wonders lights have attracted people's attention for many centuries. Egyptian pyramids, the hanging gardens of Babylon, the statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Colossus of Rhodes,…
Last week, I went to visit my mother, and found my old children’s encyclopedia “7 Wonders of the World” from her, flipped through it with nostalgia, and finally decided to make a post about the wonders of the world, because today there are many more than 7 wonders of the world.
To begin with, I propose to recall these “7 wonders” of antiquity.
The only miracle that has survived to this day. Construction, which lasted twenty years, began around 2560 BC. e. Excavation data from January 2010 confirm the theory that the pyramids were built by civilian workers. Up to 10 thousand people were simultaneously employed at the construction site, with workers working in shifts of three months. It is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids of the necropolis of the city of Giza.
Initially, the Cheops pyramid rose to 147 meters, but due to the advance of sands, its height decreased to 137 meters.
The Cheops Pyramid consists of 2,300,000 cubic blocks of limestone with smoothly polished sides. Each block weighs on average 2.5 tons, and the heaviest is 15 tons, the total weight of the pyramid is 5.7 million tons.
Confirmation of the inexplicably high knowledge of the Egyptians in the field of astronomy and civil engineering is the location of the Cheops pyramid in relation to the cardinal points: the pyramid almost unmistakably points to the true north. As a result of precise measurements carried out in 1925, an incredible fact was established: the error in its position was only 3 minutes 6 seconds.
The base area of the pyramid is comparable to the area of 10 football fields.
We can talk for a long time about the pyramids shrouded in myths and legends, their labyrinths and traps, mummies and treasures, but we’ll leave that to Egyptologists. For us, the Cheops Pyramid is one of the greatest structures of mankind throughout its existence and, of course, the only First Wonder of the World that has survived to this day from the depths of centuries.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Babylon)
The city has long ceased to exist, but even today the ruins testify to its grandeur. In the 7th century BC. Babylon was the largest and richest city Ancient East. There were many amazing structures in Babylon, but the most striking were the Hanging Gardens royal palace- gardens that have become a legend.
the famous “Hanging Gardens” were created not by Semiramis and not even during her reign, but later, in honor of another - non-legendary - woman. They were built by order of King Nebuchadnezzar for his beloved wife Amytis, a Median princess who, in dusty Babylon, yearned for the green hills of Media.
This king, who destroyed city after city and even entire states, built a lot in Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar turned the capital into an impregnable stronghold and surrounded himself with luxury unparalleled even in those times.
The design of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon was a pyramid with a base (43x35 meters), which consisted of four tiers mounted on twenty-five-meter columns. The surface of each tier was covered with a layer of reeds (reeds), stone blocks held together with gypsum and lead plates, on which a thick layer of fertile soil was poured. All these measures helped to preserve water for plants for as long as possible, of which there was very little in Babylon.
The height of the structure was almost thirty meters! Trees, flowers, soil - all this was brought in carts drawn by oxen. Water was supplied through pipes from the Euphrates River. To do this, hundreds of slaves turned a huge wheel installed in one of the towers around the clock.
Zeus statue in Olympia
The statue of Olympian Zeus is the work of Phidias. An outstanding work of ancient sculpture, one of the seven wonders of the world. It was located in the temple of Olympian Zeus, in Olympia - a city in the region of Elis. Construction of the temple took about 10 years. But the statue of Zeus did not appear in it right away. The Greeks decided to invite the famous Athenian sculptor Phidias to create a statue of Zeus.
Ancient Roman sculpture "Seated Zeus", Phidias type. Hermitage Gold covered the cape that covered part of Zeus’s body, the scepter with an eagle, which he held in his left hand, the statue of the goddess of victory - Nike, which he held in his right hand, and a wreath of olive branches on Zeus’s head. Zeus's feet rested on a stool supported by two lions. The reliefs of the throne glorified, first of all, Zeus himself. Four dancing Nikes were depicted on the legs of the throne. Centaurs, lapiths, the exploits of Theseus and Hercules, and frescoes depicting the battle of the Greeks with the Amazons were also depicted. The base of the statue was 6 meters wide and 1 meter high. The height of the entire statue together with the pedestal was, according to various sources, from 12 to 17 meters. Zeus's eyes were the size of an adult's fist.
Temple of Artemis of Ephesus (Ephesus)
Several hundred years BC, when Ephesus was at the zenith of its glory, the inhabitants decided to build a large temple. By that time, the city was already about 600 years old, it was rich and powerful, growing and prospering under the patronage of the goddess Artemis, sister of Apollo and daughter of Zeus - known in Roman mythology as Diana the Huntress. Artemis was also considered the goddess of the moon and helped women during childbirth.
The place for the new, majestic and grandiose temple in the part of the goddess was chosen as sacred - even in ancient times, religious rituals took place there. The townspeople decided not to spare either money or time, and also attracted wealthy construction sponsors from other regions of the country.
The finished temple was magnificent, and was constantly decorated with new decorative elements - after all, Ephesus was a very rich city. Historical data is contradictory, but it is mentioned that the temple had many bronze statues, the interior was decorated with gold and silver, the statue of the goddess herself was made of ivory and gold, and trimmed with ebony.
It is noteworthy that in those days the temple was not only a religious building, but also a financial and business center. The souvenir business also flourished: not far from the temple, original souvenirs - its smaller copies - were successfully sold. Scientists still have not figured out which temple was considered a wonder of the world - rebuilt or burned by Herostratus
mausoleum in Halicarnassus
The Mausoleum in Halicarnassus is a wonderful monument of ancient Greek architectural art, which went down in the history of ancient culture as one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World. Our contemporaries generally believe that the mausoleum is the tomb of great leaders.
The builders placed the tomb in the peripterus - a building framed by a colonnade of 11-meter columns. To support the roof of the mausoleum, 36 columns were needed. The spaces between the columns were filled with various statues of mythological figures, and the roof looked like a step pyramid with 24 steps. Its crown was a marble quadriga, that is, an antique chariot with four horses harnessed to it. Huge statues of Mausolus and Artemisia were placed in the chariot, playing the role of charioteers. This magnificent sculpture reached a height of 6 m. In the tomb room there were marble sarcophagi intended for the royal couple. The foot of the mausoleum was decorated with sculptures of horsemen and marble lions.
In general, the history of the Halicarnassus mausoleum is eventful. At one time, he survived the conquest of the city by Alexander the Great, and even withstood the attack of pirates who set their sights on Halicarnassus at the beginning of the 1st century. However, after the Maltese attacked the mausoleum and took away stone and marble slabs from it, only the foundation remained of the majestic structure.
Colossus of Rhodes (Rhodes)
The colossus was the name given to a giant statue that stood in the port city of Rhodes, an island in the Aegean Sea, off the coast of modern Turkey. In ancient times, the people of Rhodes wanted to be independent traders.
The colossus grew on the shore of the harbor on an artificial hill lined with white marble. For twelve years no one saw the statue, because as soon as the next belt of bronze sheets was attached to the frame, the embankment surrounding the colossus was added to make it more convenient for the craftsmen to climb up. And only when the embankment was removed, the Rhodians saw their patron god, whose head was adorned with a radiant crown.
The sparkling god was visible many kilometers from Rhodes, and soon rumors about him spread throughout the ancient world. But half a century later, a strong earthquake that destroyed Rhodes knocked the colossus to the ground; the most vulnerable point of the statue was the knees. This is where the expression “colossus with feet of clay” comes from.
So the colossus lay on the shore of the bay - the main tourist attraction of the island. The defeated giant was seen by Pliny the Elder, who came there in the first century AD. What struck Pliny most was that only a few people could wrap their hands around the thumb of the statue.
The colossus lying on the ground was overgrown with cobwebs and legends. In eyewitness accounts, he seemed much larger than he actually was. Legends appeared in Roman literature that it originally towered over the entrance to the harbor and was so large that ships passed between its legs to the city.
Alexandria Lighthouse (Pharos)
Alexandrian lighthouse ( Faros lighthouse) - one of the seven ancient wonders of the world, was built in the 3rd century BC. e. on the small island of Pharos off the coast of the Egyptian city of Alexandria. It was a busy port founded by Alexander the Great during his visit to Egypt in 332 BC. e.
The Alexandria Lighthouse was the world's first lighthouse and the only one of the Seven Wonders of the World that served a practical purpose, helping ships safely pass the reefs on their way to Alexandria Bay. The lighthouse, according to various estimates, rose to a height of 120 to 140 meters, and the light it emitted could be visible at a distance of up to 60 km.
The lighthouse stood for almost a thousand years, but by the 12th century AD. e., the Alexandria Bay became so silted that ships could no longer use it and the lighthouse fell into disrepair. Abandoned, it stood for some time, until in 796 AD. e. it was not destroyed by an earthquake. At the end of the 15th century. Sultan Qait Bey erected a fortress from the rubble on the site of the lighthouse, which was subsequently rebuilt more than once.
These are the miracles that were described in my book. The same ones: 7 wonders. But time does not stand still, and now there are many more such miracles. It seems to me that they are also worthy of our attention...
New 7 wonders of the world
Great Wall of China (China)
The Great Wall of China is one of the oldest architectural monuments in China and a symbol of the power of Chinese civilization. There is probably not a single civilized person in the world who has not heard of the Great Wall of China. It stretches from the Liaodong Gulf northeast of Beijing through Northern China to the Gobi Desert.
Construction took 10 years and faced numerous difficulties. The main problem was the lack of appropriate infrastructure for construction: there were no roads, there was no adequate water and food for those involved in the work, while their number reached 300 thousand people, and the total number of builders involved under Qin reached, according to some estimates, 2 million. Slaves, soldiers, and peasants were involved in the construction. As a result of epidemics and overwork, at least tens of thousands of people died. Outrage against the mobilization for the construction of the wall caused popular uprisings and served as one of the reasons for the fall of the Qin dynasty.
Probably, no creation of human hands amazes the imagination as much as the Great Wall of China - the most grandiose and longest architectural and fortification structure on the planet. The wall is not just impressive - it is stunning. First of all, the titanic labor invested in it and its prohibitive size. Truly, only the Chinese, organized and hardworking like ants, could endure this. In China they say that a good half of their history lies in the Great Wall of China - it was built by different generations and dynasties over more than two thousand years, and all the country’s wars are connected with it in one way or another.
Christ the Redeemer Statue (Rio de Janeiro)
One of the most famous statues in the world and definitely the most recognizable in Brazil - the statue of Christ the Redeemer. Installed on Mount Corcovado at an altitude of more than 700 meters, she looks at the large city, located under it. The Christ statue in Rio de Janeiro, due to its fame, attracts millions of tourists to Mount Corcovado. From its height there is a beautiful view of the city of ten million with its bays, beaches, and the Maracana stadium.
The height of the statue is 38 m, including the pedestal - 8 m; arm span - 28 m. Weight - 1145 tons. Being the most high point area, the statue regularly (on average four times a year) becomes the target of lightning. The Catholic diocese specially keeps a supply of the stone from which the statue was built to restore parts of the statue damaged by lightning
The statue of Christ the Redeemer is without a doubt one of the main symbols not only of Rio de Janeiro, but of all of Brazil. Many tourists visit the statue every year. Mount Corcovado experiences a particularly large influx of visitors during the traditional annual carnival, which is held in Rio de Janeiro. Definitely, this grandiose monument is one of the greatest works of sculpture in the world.
Colosseum (Rome)
amphitheater, an architectural monument of Ancient Rome, the most famous and one of the most grandiose buildings ancient world that have survived to this day. Located in Rome, in the hollow between the Esquiline, Palatine and Caelian hills.
The construction of the largest amphitheater in the entire ancient world, with a capacity of over 50 thousand people, took place over eight years as a collective construction of the emperors of the Flavian dynasty. It began to be built in 72 AD. under Emperor Vespasian, and in 80 AD. The amphitheater was consecrated by Emperor Titus. The amphitheater was located on the site where there was a pond that belonged to the Golden House of Nero.
For a long time, the Colosseum was for the residents of Rome and visitors the main place for entertainment spectacles, such as gladiator fights, animal persecution, and naval battles.
The opening of the Colosseum was marked by 100 days of entertainment. During this time, several thousand warriors and 5 thousand wild animals brought from Africa died in gladiatorial tournaments. The theater's arena had a sliding floor that raised and lowered, and with the help of a water supply connected to the Colosseum, the stage was filled with water and naval battles were staged. Up to 3,000 gladiators could fight in the arena at the same time, and 50 thousand spectators, frantically demanding “bread and circuses,” tensely watched the bloody battles, chariot races and theatrical performances. The scale of the celebrations dedicated to the opening of the Colosseum could only be matched by the bloody celebration of the 1000th anniversary of Rome in 248, when dozens of lions, tigers, leopards, elephants, giraffes, horses, donkeys and hyenas were killed in just 3 days. 1000th anniversary " eternal city"became the last day of life for 2000 gladiators.
Machu Picchu (Peru)
City ancient America, located in the territory of modern Peru. Machu Picchu is also often called “the city in the sky” or “the city among the clouds”, sometimes called the “lost city of the Incas”. This city was created as a sacred mountain retreat by the great Inca ruler Pachacutec a century before the conquest of his empire, around 1440, and functioned until 1532, when the Spanish invaded the Inca Empire. In 1532, all its inhabitants mysteriously disappeared.
Due to its modest size, Machu Picchu cannot claim to be large city- there are no more than 200 structures in it. These are mainly temples, residences, warehouses and other premises for public needs. For the most part they are made of well-processed stone, slabs tightly fitted to each other. It is believed that up to 1,200 people lived in and around it, who worshiped the sun god Inti there and cultivated crops on the terraces. For more than 400 years, this city was forgotten and was in desolation.
Machu Picchu, especially after receiving the status World Heritage UNESCO, has become a center of mass tourism. In 2011, it was decided to limit the number of visitors. According to new rules, only 2,500 tourists per day can visit Machu Picchu, of which no more than 400 people can climb Mount Wayna Picchu, which is part of the archaeological complex. In order to preserve the monument, UNESCO requires that the number of tourists per day be reduced to 800. Machu Picchu is located in a remote region.
City of Petra (Jordan)
The city of Petra in Jordan is located in the heart of the desert. This place is a heritage ancient culture. Built more than two thousand years ago, it is of great value for admirers of ancient architecture and art. This ancient miracle city stretches along a winding valley formed among the rocks, in a place that in ancient times was a river bed. Steps carved into the rocks lead to an innumerable number of structures - monuments, necropolises, reservoirs, altars. More than eight hundred monuments of Petra have survived to this day.
Petra's surviving structures include rock-cut temples, dwellings, tombs, reservoirs, aqueducts and altars. If you approach the city along the es-Siq gorge, the first large monument that opens up to your gaze is el-Khazneh - a temple located in a solid rock with a two-tiered façade approx. 20 m.
A mysterious people who have reached unattainable architectural heights are the Nabateans. Without exaggeration, we can say that the best reminder that they left about themselves to their descendants and which speaks about them better than any chronicles is a windswept pink rock masterpiece, hidden by them among the inaccessible mountains.
Pyramid of Kukulcan (Mexico)
25 meters high with nine levels, located in the center of a large square. The base of the pyramid is a square with sides of 55.5 meters. On each side of the pyramid there are four wide staircases, each with 91 steps. And these stairs lead to the upper platform on which the temple is located.
The northern staircase of the pyramid ends with snake heads - a symbol of Kukulkan, because translated from the Mayan language, Kukulkan is a feathered serpent.
Exactly at 17:15, the light show begins - the sun's rays, when going around the ledges of the pyramid on the days of the equinox, through the play of light and shadows, depict the image of a revived ancient god. This effect lasts for 3 hours and 22 minutes. The sun goes lower and the image becomes clearer. Soon the seven curves of the body of the Solar Serpent appear - they are formed by the shadows of the seven ledges of the pyramid. The sun goes down - and the snake also slides, lower and lower. And below, at the foot of the pyramid, the head of the image coincides with the real stone sculptured head of the serpent, which ends the northern staircase of the pyramid.
The ancient builders of the Mayan tribe were simply brilliant, being able to calculate the parameters so accurately at that time and placing the walls of the pyramid strictly along the cardinal points. The Kukulcan Pyramid has some astronomical significance. Each of its staircases has 91 steps, and the total number of steps is 364, plus the upper platform step at the base of the temple, for a total of 365 - a number corresponding to the number of days in a year. And the side parts of the structure are divided in accordance with the number of months in the Mayan calendar - into eighteen sections.
Taj Mahal (India)
The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum-mosque located in Agra, India, on the banks of the Jamna River (the architects were probably Ustad-Isa and others). Built by order of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth (Shah Jahan himself was later buried here). Although the white marble dome of the mausoleum is the most famous component, the Taj Mahal is a structurally integrated complex. The building began to be built around 1632 and was completed in 1653, employing thousands of artisans and craftsmen. The management of the construction of the Taj Mahal was entrusted to a Council of Architects under imperial control, including Abd ul-Karim Mamur Khan, Makramat Khan and Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. Lakhauri is usually considered the main designer.
Majestic, divine, shining, and, despite its 74-meter height, so light and airy that it is like a fairy-tale dream, the Taj Mahal mausoleum rises in the valley of the Yamuna River - the most beautiful architectural creation of India, and, perhaps, of the whole earth... White marble domes soar high into the sky - one large and four small ones, in the chaste outlines of which one can guess the female form. Reflected in the motionless surface of an artificial canal, the Taj Mahal seems to float in front of us, representing an example of extraterrestrial beauty and perfect harmony... But it is not only architectural perfection that attracts millions of travelers from all over the world to the Taj Mahal. The story of its origin makes no less impression on the hearts of people... A story more like oriental fairy tale or a legend that any poet would envy...
Seven Wonders of the World (Ancient World).
Currently these include:
- Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu);
- Hanging Gardens of Babylon;
- Temple of Artemis at Ephesus;
- Zeus statue in Olympia;
- Alexandrian lighthouse;
- The Colossus of Rhodes;
- Mausoleum in Halicarnassus;
Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Reconstruction of the beginning of the 20th century The Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BC) to fight against the main enemy - Assyria, whose troops twice destroyed the capital of the state of Babylon, entered into an alliance with Knaxar, the king of Media. Having won, they divided the territory of Assyria among themselves. Their military alliance was confirmed by the marriage of Nebuchadnezzar II to the daughter of the Median king Semiramis. Dusty and noisy Babylon, located on a bare sandy plain, did not please the queen, who grew up in mountainous and green Media. To console her, Nebuchadnezzar ordered the construction of the Hanging Gardens. In 331 BC. E. The troops of Alexander the Great captured Babylon. The famous commander made the city the capital of his huge empire. It was here, in the shadow of the Hanging Gardens, that he died. After the death of Alexander, Babylon gradually fell into decay. The gardens were in disrepair. Powerful floods destroyed the brick foundation of the columns, and the platforms collapsed to the ground. Thus one of the wonders of the world perished.
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus- one of the “Seven Wonders of the World”. It was built by the architect Heirocrates in the 4th century BC. e. in the city of Ephesus on the coast of Asia Minor (currently Selcuk, Turkey). Alexander the Great himself allocated money for the construction of the new Wonder of the World. A common misconception is that Herostratus burned a unique Wonder of the World, wanting to become famous. In fact, Herostratus burned the old wooden temple of Artemis, which previously stood on this very spot. And, in fact, by his act he provoked the restoration of the temple on a new, many times enlarged scale. This allowed the new temple to become the greatest building of its time.
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0 %B8%D0%B5:Ac_artemisephesus.jpg
Statue of Olympian Zeus- the work of Phidias, an outstanding work ancient architecture, one of the seven wonders of the world. The Greeks considered those who did not see the statue of Zeus in the temple unfortunate... The Olympic Games had been held for more than 300 years. They were very popular among the people. They were held in honor of the god Zeus. But in Greece, the main temple in honor of Zeus has not yet been erected. In 470 BC. in Greece they began to collect donations for the construction of this temple. Construction of the temple began in 466 BC. and ended in 456 BC. The construction was supervised by the architect Libon, information about whom has not reached us.
Alexandrian lighthouse- one of the “Seven Wonders of the World”. In the 3rd century BC. e. a lighthouse was built so that ships could safely pass the reefs on their way to Alexandria Bay. At night they were helped in this by the reflection of flames, and during the day by a column of smoke. It was the world's first lighthouse, and it stood for 1,500 years.
The Colossus of Rhodes- a giant statue that stood in the port city of Rhodes - an island in the Aegean Sea, in Greece. The production of the grandiose monument required 500 talents of bronze and 300 talents of iron (about 13 and about 8 tons, respectively). The colossus also gave birth to a kind of fashion for giant statues, in Rhodes already in the 2nd century. BC e. About a hundred colossal sculptures were installed. However, the Colossus itself stood for a relatively short time - only fifty-six years. In 222 BC e. The statue was destroyed by an earthquake. As Strabo writes, “the statue lay on the ground, overthrown by an earthquake and broken at the knees.” But even then the Colossus caused surprise with its size. Pliny the Elder mentions that only a few could clasp the statue's thumb with both hands. The remains of the Colossus lay on the ground for more than a thousand years, until they were finally sold by the Arabs, who captured Rhodes in 977, to a merchant who, as one chronicle says, loaded 900 camels with them. At present, it is not possible to fully reconstruct the appearance of the statue.
Halicarnassus Mausoleum- tombstone of the Carian king Mausolus (Greek: Μαύσωλος), built in the middle of the 4th century BC. e. by order of his wife Artemisia II in Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Turkey), one of the ancient wonders of the world. The architecture of the Mausoleum is unusual for Greek architecture of that time: if classical Hellenic temples are rectangular in plan and their height does not exceed the length of the facade, then the Mausoleum in plan is almost square, and its height significantly exceeded the side of the base. Damaged by several earthquakes, the Mausoleum stood until..., in 1404. Its base towered over the ruins of ancient Halicarnassus. In 1522, the remains of the Mausoleum were dismantled by the Knights of St. John for the construction of the fortress of St. Petra.
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