The Republic of Serbia borders Macedonia in the south, Bulgaria and Romania in the east, Hungary in the north, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the west, and Montenegro and Albania in the southwest.

Serbia consists of two autonomous provinces: Vojvodina and Kosovo.

The territory of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija is controlled by the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo. (See Kosovo)

On February 17, 2008, with the support of the United States and a number of other countries, the Albanian authorities formed in Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia, which was recognized by 69 UN member states. Russia, China, Serbia and others refused to recognize the sovereignty of Kosovo.

80% of the territory of Serbia is located in Balkan Peninsula, 20% is occupied by the Pannonian Lowland.

The Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Republika Srbija) is landlocked.

Energy supplies to Southern Europe are carried out through Vojvodina, and only through Vojvodina is through navigation on the Danube and the Tisza-Danube Canal possible.

The north of Serbia is dominated by plains. The further you go to the south of the country, the larger the mountains become.

Near the town of Pancevo, on an area of ​​30 thousand hectares, lies Deliblat - the only sandy desert in Europe.

The ice lake on Fruska Gora appeared during the NATO bombing in 1999, when the pumps of an abandoned quarry stopped pumping water and it filled the quarry. The lake with cold green water is surrounded by cliffs, but since 2006 access to it has been prohibited due to frequent landslides.

Djerdap is a gorge cut by the Danube 100 km long, the height of the rocks in it is up to 800 m, the width of the Danube in this section is 147 m, the depth is 77 m.

In the Djerdap area there are remains of an old Roman road built by order of Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century.

According to legend, Emperor Trajan broke through the Djerdap Gorge and, in his pursuit of gold in the Pek River, dried up the ancient Pannonian Sea.

In the Djerdap area, the Danube divides neighboring Romania from Serbia. The narrowed (150 m) channel of the Danube is called Porţile de Fier (Iron Gate), which is associated with a huge hydroelectric power station built back in the 70s with the participation of the USSR, when the water level sharply rising behind the dam (by 18 meters!) flooded dozens of Danube villages in Yugoslavia and Romania.

The depth of the Danube in the area of ​​the Iron Gates reaches 90 meters, making it the most deep river in Europe.

The width of the Danube in the Belgrade area reaches a kilometer.

Kopaonik is the longest mountain range in Serbia, 120 km long and 50 km wide. In the Kopaonik Mountains there are a large number of thermal springs(36 – 78 °C). Located on the territory of the national park highest waterfall Serbia Jelovarnik (71 m).

The Mlava River in eastern Serbia is famous for its dark green water.

Cicevac (10 km from Krusevac) is full of ponds, swamps and creeks. Čičevac is famous for the Great Whirlpool, which is connected to the Morava River by a network of underground canals. The locals call him Crazy and say he is bottomless.

The collection of bizarre earthen figures in the vicinity of Kuršumlija, which nature creates and destroys through erosion, is called the “city of the devil”. Javolya-Varosh (Devil's City) occupies 70 hectares.

Tara is a mountain in western Serbia, with flowering meadows and coniferous forests in which relict red spruce trees grow, i.e. Serbian spruce (Picea omorica), discovered by the biologist Pancic.

In Serbia, in the vicinity of Bor, there are about 1000 caves, a small number of caves have been explored. Lazareva Cave near the town of Bor is the longest in Serbia.

In the south-eastern part of Serbia there is also the deepest cave - Jama on Dubashnica, 276 meters deep below ground level.

Login famous cave Resava is located in the depths of Mount Belyanitsa, about 10 km west of Manasya. It was discovered only in 1962 because vegetation hid it from human sight. The cave has three levels and a total length of 2380 meters. At the lowest level there is an underground river.

In the sediments of two dozen caves in Serbia in the east of the Kosovo Basin, the fossilized remains of fifty-five species of mammals were discovered, including lions, hyenas, mammoths, bison, which migrated due to a sharp change in climate.

Ten species of centipedes and two species of zooplankton were discovered in Lazarev Cave. This cave is home to twenty-three of the twenty-seven species of bats represented on the European continent.

Djerdap Gorge (on the border with Romania) is the largest gorge in Europe, consists of four gorges and three basins. The most beautiful gorge is the Great Kazan, whose vertical sides rise up to 300 m above the Danube, and numerous pools descend to 90 m in depth.

The highest mountain in Vojvodina is Mount Vršac (641 m) in the southeast of Vojvodina.

Highest railroad bridge Balkan is located in Kolasin, on the Belgrade – Bar line, the height of the overpass is 198 m.

The Koshava wind carries cold air masses from the Iron Gates of the Danube to the Panonian Plain at a speed of 60 km/h. The Serbs say that "Koshava" blows for three days; if it doesn’t stop, then a week; If it doesn’t subside even then, it will rage for two weeks.

300 species are known in Serbia mineral waters, 260 of which are actively used in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases.

There are more than 1000 medical treatment centers in Serbia mineral springs. The remains of Roman baths testify to the first resorts on the territory of Serbia.

Resorts in Serbia: the oldest sulphurous Banya Koviljaca, mineral Selters-banya on Mount Kosmaj, therapeutic mineral for diabetes Vrnjacka-banja, Soko-banja, Atomska Banja, Niska Banja, etc.

At the foot of Mount Gučevo (779 m above sea level), on the banks of the Drina River, there is a bathing resort Banya Koviljača, which is famous for its waters containing sulfur (19-28 degrees C.), iron (14-15 degrees C.) and radioactive waters (5, 9‑6, 8 IE). The mud from the Banya Koviljacha resort, containing sulfur, is kept for 2-3 years, and then used for therapeutic procedures.

This resort owes its name “Break Bath” to rare but powerful hurricanes that passed through these places and left behind only devastated land.

George Weifert in 1903 became the owner of the largest copper mine in Europe. The Museum of Mining and Metallurgy in Bor has more than 15,000 exhibits.

The new mineral, sodium lithium boron silicate hydroxide, is similar in composition to the fantastic mineral Kryptonite, which takes away Superman’s strength. Kryptonite was discovered in a mine in Serbia.

Kopački Rit represents the remains of the ancient Pannonian Sea. After it dried up and disappeared, there remained a swampy area where the Drava flows into the Danube, fourteen kilometers north of the city of Osijek. In spring, when the snow begins to melt and the water level in the rivers of the middle Danube region rises, an average of about 30,000 birds gather here. In late autumn, when the water subsides, huge masses of fish begin to move.

Frushka Gora – former island Pannonian Sea, and now National Park area of ​​500 sq.m. The most high peak– Red Chot (altitude 539 m above sea level).

Fruška Gora Park has one of the largest linden forests in Europe.

Zlatibor – mountain range south of Belgrade, plateau altitude 1000 m above sea level, located 309 km from the Adriatic coast. The only species in the world grows here coniferous trees, which have a special golden tint to the trunk.

On Zlatibor there are oak trees, which, according to scientists, cannot grow above six hundred meters above sea level.

Zlatibor – the only place in Serbia, where there is a mixture of Mediterranean and Alpine climates. Zlatibor is sunny, like on the sea coast, and fresh, like in the Alpine mountains.

The areas around the cities of Presevo, Bujanovic, Vranje, and the Lustica Peninsula were contaminated with radiation in 1999, when NATO troops fired more than 50,000 depleted uranium shells at targets in Yugoslavia.

There are jackals on the Peljesac peninsula, the islands of Korcula and Mljet; Mljet is home to introduced mongooses.

In Obedska Baru, entire colonies are formed by all kinds of herons: gray heron, little white, red, yellow and night herons.

In the mountainous regions of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia, about 60 species of snails survive.

On the eastern slopes along the Danube in the town of Strazhilovo, near Sremski Karlovci in the 3rd century AD. The Roman Emperor Probus planted the first vineyards.

In the Negotin Region, about 1000 hectares are occupied by vineyards. Varieties such as Bagrinja, Zacinak, Prokupac, Vranac and Smederevka grow here. Negotinska is extremely famous for its tamyanik variety.

Potatoes were first brought to Serbia by Dositej Obradovic in 1811.

Serbia is the world's largest exporter of raspberries. One third of all raspberries in the world are grown in Serbia. 95% of the best raspberries are harvested in Serbia.

Serbia ranks 113th in the world in terms of area (88,361 sq. km.). Serbia is bordered in the north by Hungary, in the northeast by Romania, in the east by Bulgaria, in the south by former Yugoslav Macedonia, in the southwest by Albania and Montenegro, in the west by Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The length of its borders is 2,027 km (with Romania 476 km, with Bulgaria 318 km, with Macedonia 221 km, with Montenegro 203 km, with Albania 115 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km, with Croatia 241 km, with Hungary 151 km). There are 6,167 registered settlements in Serbia, of which 207 are urban. Arable lands occupy 19,194 km2, forests - 19,499 km2 (excluding Kosovo).

Extreme points - Northern: 46°11` N. (near Hajdukovo), South: 41°52` N (near Dragash in Kosovo), East: 23°01` E. (Hayfield, near Dimitrovgrad), Western: 18°51` E. (near Bezdan in Vojvodina). 80 percent of Serbia's territory is located on the Balkan Peninsula, 20 percent is occupied by the Pannonian Lowland. The length of the borders is 2,027 km (with Romania - 476 km, with Bulgaria - 318 km, with Macedonia - 221 km, with Montenegro - 203 km, with Albania - 115 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 302 km, with Croatia - 241 km , with Hungary - 151 km).

The north of Serbia is dominated by plains. 15 mountains of Serbia have an altitude of more than 2,000 meters above sea level. In Serbia there are 4 mountain systems. The Dinaric Highlands occupies a large area in the west, stretching from northwest to southeast. Stara Planina and the East Serbian Mountains are in the east, separated from the Dinaric Highlands by the Morava River. In the south there are ancient mountains - part of the Rilo-Rhodope system. Highest point Serbia - Mount Jeravica (2656 meters)

Relief of Serbia

The relief of Serbia is varied. Vojvodina has fertile plains. In the southeast there are ancient mountains. Central Serbia is dominated by hills and low mountains.

Mountains occupy most of Central Serbia and Kosovo. There are 4 mountain systems in Serbia. The Dinaric Highlands occupies a large area in the west, stretching from northwest to southeast. Stara Planina and the East Serbian Mountains are in the east, separated from the Dinaric Highlands by the Morava River. In the south there are ancient mountains - part of the Rilo-Rhodope system. The highest point in Serbia is Mount Djeravica (2656 m)

Inland waters of Serbia

Most of Serbia (81,646 km2, 92.4%) belongs to the Danube basin, the length of which in Serbia is 588 km. 5% - to the pool Adriatic Sea, 3% - to the pool Aegean Sea. The length of the Danube in Serbia is 588 km, along which the border with Romania and Croatia passes. The main tributaries of the Danube in Serbia are the Tisza (flowing from the north), the Sava (from the west), the Drina (from the south, natural border with Bosnia and Herzegovina), the Morava (from the south, entirely within Serbia).

Statistical indicators of Serbia
(as of 2012)

In addition to the Danube, navigable rivers are the Sava (206 km), Tisza (168 km), Begej (75 km), and the Great Morava (3 km out of 185 km) and Tamis (3 km out of 101 km) are partially navigable. Other large rivers- Western Morava (308 km), South Morava (295 km), Ibar (272 km), Drina (220 km) and Timok (202 km). Part of southern Serbia belongs to the basin of the Beli Drim and Radik rivers (4.771 km, 5.4%), which flow into the Adriatic. Pchinya river basins. Lepenac and Dragovistica belong to the Aegean Sea basin. A number of artificial canals have also been built in Serbia, which are used for flood protection, irrigation, etc. Their total length is 939.2 km, of which 385.9 km are used for navigation of ships with a tonnage of up to 1000 tons. The largest canal system is the Danube-Tisza-Danube. The largest lake in Serbia is Lake Djerdap. The largest natural lake - White Lake. Most big Island Serbia is located on the Danube near Kostolets. There are also waterfalls in Serbia, the largest is Jelovarnik (71 meters), it is located in national park Kopaonik.

The abundance of relatively unpolluted surface waters and numerous underground natural mineral water sources provide opportunities for export and economic development. However, the widespread use and production of bottled water has only recently begun. Serbia has great geothermal potential.

Natural lakes in Serbia are small and rare. Most of them are located in Vojvodina. But there are many reservoirs in Serbia. The largest of them are Djerdap on the Danube and Perucac on the Drina.

Climate of Serbia

In Serbia - temperate continental, on Adriatic coast- Mediterranean. IN central regions countries are always somewhat cooler than on the coast, and the influence of subalpine factors is more noticeable. In the coastal region, summers are usually long, hot (+23-25 ​​C) and quite dry, winters are short and cool (+3-7 C). In mountainous areas there are moderately warm summers (+19-25 C) and relatively cold winters (from +5 to -10 C), abounding in snow. Precipitation falls from 500 to 1500 mm per year, mainly in the form of rain, in the mountains near sea ​​coast In some places over 3000 mm falls.

The best time to visit the country is from May to September-October. The tourist season usually begins in April and lasts until November. The sea temperature for seven months ranges from +20 C to +26 C, so swimming season The duration is equal to a tourist one.

Serbia is located on the Balkan Peninsula, surrounded by warm seas- Adriatic, Aegean and Black. To the north of Serbia is the European continent. Another important factor determining the Serbian climate is the topography. Serbia has a continental climate in the north, a temperate continental climate in the south and a mountain climate in the mountainous regions. Winters in Serbia are short, cold and snowy, summers are warm. The coldest month is January, the warmest is July. The average temperature is 10.9° C. The average annual precipitation is 896 mm. Rain falls most often in June and May.

The strongest winds are: Koshava (cold and dry wind in the north of the country), Severac (cold and dry North wind), Moravac (cold and dry north wind blowing in the Morava river valley), South wind (warm and dry south wind blowing in the Morava river valley). South-westerly wind (warm and humid, blows from the Adriatic mainly in the West of Serbia).

Flora and fauna of Serbia

Very rich in plant and animal world. Four-fifths of the forest area is deciduous and one-fifth is coniferous. Within Serbia live bears, wild boars, wolves, foxes, hares, wild goats, fallow deer, mouflons, lynxes, deer, martens, chamois... The bird world is also diverse: of the 666 species of birds found in Europe, 508 species live in Serbia, and among them are eagles, falcons, pheasants, partridges, wild ducks, marsh snipe and other wading birds. Rivers, lakes, canals, ponds abound different types fish: carp, pike perch, sturgeon, catfish, sterlet, pike, trout, mackerel...

Population of Serbia

Population - 7.82 million people (in 2008) (in 1991 - 9.79 million people); including: in Central Serbia - 5.82 million, in Vojvodina - 2 million. 52% of the population lives in cities.

During the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1991-1995, several hundred thousand refugees from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina arrived in Serbia. In 1999, there was a large wave of emigration of Albanians from Kosovo, and in 2000-2001 - the emigration of Kosovo Serbs. The population is dominated by Serbs (62 percent) and Albanians (17 percent). Montenegrins (5 percent), Hungarians (3 percent) and a number of national minorities also live in Serbia. Before the outbreak of hostilities in 1999, Serbs made up 85 percent of the population in Serbia proper, 54 percent in Vojvodina, and 13 percent in Kosovo; Hungarians and Croats are large minorities in Vojvodina.

The official language of the country is Serbian. Hungarian, Slovak, Croatian, Romanian, Ukrainian and Ruthenian languages ​​are also used in Vojvodina. In Kosovo and Metohija the official languages ​​are Serbian and Albanian.

According to the 2002 census, excluding Kosovo: Orthodox - 6,371,584 people. (85.0% of the population), Catholics - 410,976 people. (5.5% of the population), Muslims - 239,658 people. (3.2%), Protestants - 80,837 people. (1.1% of the population). Jehovah's Witnesses - 3871 people. (0.05% of the population) according to 2009 data.

Source - http://ru.wikipedia.org/

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The flora of Serbia is represented by such plant species as coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests. Also present are such tree species as maple, ash, chestnut, walnut, willow and poplar.

Typical representatives of the animal world of Serbia are roe deer, wild boars, bears, chamois and hares.

The avifauna is represented by kites, eagles, black and white storks, partridges, pheasants and other representatives.

The local rivers are home to catfish, carp, perch, carp and trout.

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We can safely say that Serbia is rising from north to south. And it grows with forests in the same direction. So, what is nature of Serbia.

The Autonomous District of Vojvodina, in the north of the country, is located on the Pannonian Plain, which is a continuation of Hungary. There are practically no forests there and the land is actively used for agricultural needs. Vojvodina feeds the whole country. Corn, wheat, vegetables and so on - for the most part it all comes from there.

The south of the country, or another country? In general, Kosovo is a large valley with mountains along its edges. The mountains define Serbia's borders with Albania and Macedonia.

In central Serbia there are rivers, hills and simply a huge amount of forests by European standards. Serbian “shuma” is oak, ash, beech, maple and birch. Everything that exists in Russia. It can be said that there are no big cities. But I sat down a lot.

And the rivers here flow slowly and majestically. The largest and most majestic is, of course, the Danube (about 600 km across Serbian territory). The Danube has a lot of oxbow lakes, bays, creeks and swamps. In addition, there is the famous Djerdap Gorge. Most of the border between Serbia and Romania runs along the river.

Although fishing on the Danube is thriving, the river is considered quite dirty by international standards. However, what can we say about the Volga or Kama!? The largest tributary of the Danube, the Sava, flows from the west, from Croatia and Slovenia, and very beautifully flows into the Danube right in Belgrade.

Many rivers are navigable. Game has been preserved in the forests, hunting and related tourism are thriving. There are many wild fruit trees, such as plum and apple trees. And don’t forget about the mountains in the west and north, with pine forests and clean air. There are as many as 5 national parks in Serbia!

Climate of Serbia continental and no different in softness. Especially in Vojvodina (Novi Sad). True, there are practically no severe frosts in winter and there is usually snow only in January and February. In the mountains (for example in Zlatibor or Kopaonik) snow lies from November to April.

The main problem in Serbia is the wind. The cold “koshava” blowing from the east from October to April brings either rain or snowstorms with varying success. There's not much good in this. In Vojvodina you can get “severac”, blowing naturally from the north from the direction of Hungary. However, all this can be survived. Is not it?

A Mediterranean climate is not observed in Serbia, due to the fact that the mountains interfere with the southern air masses. Moreover, sometimes the temperature in winter drops even below 20 degrees.