For a long time, according to stylistic data, M.F. Kazakov was considered the author of the project, however, documentary evidence that would confirm the authorship of the architect was not found. In the documents related to the construction of the Razumovsky estate, the name of the architect is named, “by whose instructions and under whose order the structure was built.” This is the famous Moscow architect A.A. Menelas, who from 1785 to 1803 served under N.A. Lvov. That is why the name of Lvov is mentioned in literary sources as a possible author of the estate project. Charles Cameron, who worked in Moscow during this period, is also named. But already in 1800 Cameron left for Baturin, where he designed and built Razumovsky’s estate.


Junior department of the Orphan Institute, house-palace of A.K. Razumovsky. Photo from the beginning of the 20th century.

The mansion was built from oak beams, since the stone, according to Alexei Kirillovich, was harmful to health. By 1803, construction was completed... A majestic mansion with double columns, on forward porticoes, decorated with lions, stood in the depths of the front courtyard, bounded on the sides by two wings. The interior decoration was amazing - the halls shone with bronze and mirrors, the walls were generously decorated with expensive tapestries, the window sills were made of lapis lazuli. Sèvres and Saxon sets were ordered especially for the new house. A unique library - only books dating back to the 15th century filled a thick catalog volume. The house with all the decorations cost Razumovsky about 4 million rubles.

In Soviet times, the Razumovsky estate housed an institute of physical education, dormitories and classrooms for students... In the 1970s, the palace came under the jurisdiction of VNIIFK (Research Institute of Physical Culture), a sauna was built in the central part of the main house, which in 10 years severe damage to the palace. In 1979, the palace was included in the list of Olympic sites and its hasty restoration began, which would have been better called differently... They didn’t make it in time for the Olympics and work was stopped for many years. “The palace was not only abandoned, the absence of the owner led to looting. Carved elements of doors were broken out, molded parts, floors, even joists and beams were taken away, lion masks were knocked off from keystones above windows and arches. The roof literally turned into a sieve, which led to intense rotting of the wooden structures,” citizens wrote to the Soviet Cultural Foundation. In the 1990s, the authorities... began... transferring the palace into the hands of the creative intelligentsia, namely the Academy of Arts. In 1999, there was a terrible fire and since then the estate has been in a terrible state; appeals to Zurab Tsereteli did not even encourage him to erect a temporary roof over the building. A unique example of classicism, once so admired in Europe, is now slowly dying. And no one cares about this...
Instead of restoration, there is a lawsuit between the venerable Z.K. Tsereteli and the State Sports Committee of the Russian Federation... Meanwhile, the palace stands practically without a roof, and soon autumn, rains...

Materials used from the sites “Moscow, which does not exist” and ashipilin.narod.ru. For which we thank them very much!

On Gorokhovoy Pole, on a street named after the architect Kazakov, there is a house, a magnificent example of Moscow wooden classicist architecture. The estate was built at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. The author of the project is called both N.A. Lvov and C. Cameron. And in the middle of the 19th century, the building was significantly expanded and rebuilt under the leadership.

The main house of the estate was built of wooden beams: according to the count, stone was harmful to health, which is why wood treated with stone-like plaster was used in construction. The estate was surrounded by a vast park with ponds and alleys; it was decorated with gazebos, sculptures and greenhouses with exotic plants. The interior of the palace was no less majestic: halls decorated with bronze and mirrors, walls decorated with expensive tapestries, window sills made of lapis lazuli. The library of Count Razumovsky amazed the imagination with the abundance of medieval books.

During the Napoleonic invasion, a rumor spread throughout Moscow that Razumovsky's estate had burned to the ground. In fact, it was not damaged at all - one of the residences of Marshal Joachim Murat was located here, and the French carefully guarded the palace from fire.

After the death of the count in 1822, the estate passed to his eldest son, but due to the lack of funds to maintain the estate, it soon had to be sold for a symbolic price to the Odessa merchant Yurkov. The merchant himself sold the unique furnishings to antique salons in Moscow, and the beautiful estate went from hand to hand.

First, it was bought by the Board of Trustees to establish an orphanage, and since 1901, an almshouse for honored teachers of charitable institutions of the department of Empress Maria Feodorovna has been located here. Despite the frequent change of owners, the palace and park were in fairly good condition, but with the advent of Soviet power, the gradual destruction of the estate began.

In the 1920s, all the buildings of the complex were adapted for educational premises of the Institute of Physical Culture.

Before the start of repair and restoration work, the mansion was in disrepair: in 1999, the western wooden wing of the second floor of the main house burned down, in the central, stone part, almost all the ceilings were collapsed, the plaster decoration of the facades was peeling, and the white stone was weathered with losses.

During the restoration in 2012-2015, specialists returned the facades of the main house to their historical colors: yellow and white. The roof is painted green. Large-scale restoration was carried out in the interiors of the mansion. In the main main halls and corridors of the second floor, the stucco decoration of the lampshades was restored, and the ceiling stucco cornices were gilded. White tiled stoves have been restored. The stoves in the main rooms were recreated and finished with plaster to resemble “Venetian marble”.

Currently, the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation and the Central Museum of Physical Culture are located in Razumovsky's house.

Only our own photographs were used - shooting date 04/13/2015

Address: Kazakova St., 18-20, building 1, Kurskaya metro station

The Razumovsky estate - a monument of classicism architecture - was built in 1799-1803. architect A.A. Menelas, and then in 1842 significantly rebuilt and expanded by the architect A.G. Grigoriev.
This is one of the rare examples of Moscow wooden classicist architecture that survived the fire of 1812. The estate of Count Razumovsky is a typical rich city estate of the Yekaterinin era, with an extensive park with ponds, a front entrance yard and a once magnificent and rich manor palace.
Initially, the central building with large corner projections and semicircular galleries ended in separate wings (during later reconstructions, these parts were connected). The central part of the house is marked by a deep niche and a main entrance on the second floor, which is reached by two open staircases between two Ionic porticoes.
The estate complex also includes two service and guest wings (1842, architect A.G. Grigoriev) and a vast park with an area of ​​about 40 hectares, reaching the Yauza River.
In 1812, during the fires during the capture of Moscow by Napoleon's army, the estate was not damaged, since it was the temporary residence of Marshal Murat and was carefully guarded.
A.K. Razumovsky - famous statesman, trustee of Moscow University, one of the founders of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, minister of public education from 1810 to 1816.
A.K. Razumovsk lived in his Moscow residence for two years after resigning from government service.
After the count's death in 1822, the estate began to fall into disrepair. In 1826, during the coronation of Nicholas I, the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna and her court stayed there.
In 1827, the Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz lived in one of the wings of the estate.
In 1829, the Persian prince Khozrev-Mirza and his embassy settled here to apologize for the murder of Griboyedov.
In 1833, the estate was bought by the Moscow Council of Guardians to house “a shelter for the care of orphans of both sexes of officials who died of cholera.”
Since then, throughout almost the entire 19th century. in the former palace there were all kinds of charitable and educational institutions. In 1834, the Moscow Alexander Orphanage Institute for children of both sexes was created from the orphanage, which was popularly called the “Razumovsky boarding school.”
In 1842, the estate complex was expanded by A.G. Grigoriev. At the same time, the “juvenile department of the Institute of Chief Officer Orphans” was opened.
Later, in 1867, a paramedic school for 300 pupils of the Orphanage and an almshouse for 100 elderly women were located there.
In the summer of 1876, A.I. Kuprin was sent to the Alexandrinsky Orphanage Department, colloquially called the Razumovsky boarding school, and stayed there until 1880, when he entered the 2nd Cadet Corps. His first literary poetic experience is associated with the boarding house.
Despite the numerous owners, the palace and park met the revolution in quite tolerable condition. But with the advent of Soviet power, the misadventures of the estate began, which even survived the capture of Moscow by Napoleon. During the Soviet era, the Institute of Physical Education and its dormitories were located here, as a result of which the ponds, filled up for sports grounds, disappeared from the park. In the 1970s, a research institute for physical culture moved into the palace; the dormitories and noisy students were gone, but a sauna was built in the central part.

Former ARMA plant The plant of the Society for Lighting Moscow with Fluid Gas was founded in 1865 by English entrepreneurs by order of the Moscow City Duma. Three years later, more than 3,000 lamps were lit in the city.
Along the lane, his office building and working barracks (architect Fyodor Dmitriev) have been preserved, and along the rear border of the property are the gas tanks themselves, four impressive cylindrical buildings 20 meters high and 40 meters in diameter (architect Rudolf Bernhard). The round brick buildings of four gas tanks (gas storage tanks), as well as the buildings of other workshops of the plant, have survived to this day.
During the Soviet years, the Gas Plant was an enterprise of paramount national importance and until the middle of the 20th century. provided gas to the entire capital.
In the 1950s The plant organized the production of gas equipment: stoves, meters and other equipment.
In the 1990s The plant began to produce gas shut-off valves, and the enterprise itself was renamed the ARMA plant.
In 2002, production was stopped, and the empty workshops of the plant were occupied by tenants. Gradually, the plant became a place of attraction for creative people and the secular public.


Photo 1 - I.A. Ivanov. House of Count A.K. Razumovsky on Pea Field, 1809
Photo 2 - the state of the Razumovsky estate in the early 2000s.

Zemlyanoy Val street, 29. Art Nouveau building

Zemlyanoy Val street, 5-7/1. Apartment house of merchant I.Ya. Fokin. Apartment house 1898–1901 Architect E.R. Nirnsee. Declared cultural heritage site. In 1903, the “fourth people’s canteen of the Society for the Encouragement of Diligence” was opened in Fokin’s house.

Zemlyanoy Val street, 5-7/1. Apartment house of merchant I.Ya.Fokin

Zemlyanoy Val street, 5-7/1. Apartment house of merchant I.Ya.Fokin. Facade finishing

Zemlyanoy Val street, 6. Brick residential building built in 1906. Architect P.P. Rozanov. Architecture using Art Nouveau motifs. The window openings are lined with multi-colored ceramics, which adds elegance to the house. Before the revolution, the house was owned by Alexander Motylev, a famous Moscow photographer.

Zemlyanoy Val street, 4. Brick residential building built in 1900.

Staraya Basmannaya st., 5. Former apartment building of N. Kozlov. Built in 1907. Architect K.L. Rosenkampf.

Staraya Basmannaya st., 11/2 building 1. The former management building of the Moscow-Kursk and Nizhny Novgorod-Murom railways. Both the road service department and apartments were located here. Built in 1898-99. Architect N.I. Orlov (author of the project of the old Kursk station), engineer M.A. Aladin.

Staraya Basmannaya st., 10, building 2. Former residential building of the Panteleev estate. Built in 1874

Staraya Basmannaya street, 15 building 2. The former apartment building of the Persian subject Adji-Mamed Usein Agha-Aminezarba. Residential building in Art Nouveau style with characteristic details in the form of women's heads. Built in 1902, architect V.V. Shaub.

Staraya Basmannaya street, 15 building 2. Detail of external decor.

Gorokhovsky lane, 6/1 building 2. The main house of the city estate of A.E. Alexandrov. Architectural monument of the 18th-19th centuries.

Zemlyanoy Val street, 2/50. The house was built according to the design of A.G. Turkenidze on the site of the demolished Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist (only the bell tower facing Pokrovka has survived to this day).

Kazakova str., 3 building 1. Brick residential building. Built in 1880

Kazakova st., 8a. Former railway depot

Kazakova st., 8a. Former railway depot

Kazakova str., 8. Former Moscow Drama Theater named after N.V. Gogol. In 1925, under the Central Committee of the Railway Workers' Union, an “industry” theater was organized, called the Mobile Theater of Drama and Comedy. In 1931, it was renamed the Moscow Transport Theater (MOSTT); since 1959 it was called the Moscow Drama Theater named after N.V. Gogol. In 1943, the theater received its permanent premises on Kazakova Street. This pre-revolutionary building is a former railway depot.

Kazakova str., 13. Research part of MIIGAiK (University of Geodesy and Cartography). The history of the university began in 1779, when the Konstantinovsky Land Surveying School was opened in Moscow under the Land Survey Office. Since 1873, the institute has been located at its current address, in the former possession of the Demidovs.

55.7625 , 37.668611

The photo was taken from behind the bars of the estate in 1996. It was closed to the public at that time.

City estate of Razumovsky- estate and park in Moscow (Basmanny district, Kazakova street, 18). At the estate on the banks of the Yauza there is a park with an area of ​​approx. 40 hectares (protected area - 29 hectares). In Soviet times, sports grounds were built on the territory of the park. The nearest metro stations are Kurskaya and Baumanskaya.

Story

Manor

Count Alexey Kirillovich Razumovsky.

The wooden palace was erected by A. A. Menelas for Count Alexei Kirillovich Razumovsky in -. The central part of the house is made of wood, the side two-story wings are made of brick. They have arched gates leading to the courtyards. This wonderful masterpiece of Russian architecture is a striking example of urban estate construction. The wide space of the courtyard separates the main building from the street and allows you to see this monument in all its splendor. The central entrance part is designed with exceptional artistic expressiveness: a semicircular niche, turning into a semi-dome at the top, is separated by light, graceful columns that highlight its depth. A strictly designed pediment expressively completes the composition of the entrance.

The house of A.K. Razumovsky was once surrounded by a grandiose park. This park, which reached the Yauza River, was famous as “a place that, with the charm of unartificial nature, would make him (the visitor) forget that he was in the city.”

The too expensive maintenance of the palace and huge debts weighed down the count, and several times he asked Emperor Alexander I to buy the estate for 850 thousand rubles, of which 800 thousand were immediately spent on paying debts.

During the years of the USSR

The institute itself resumed its activities in 1946: the pedagogical and sports faculties were restored, the school of trainers resumed recruitment, and research circles were created at the departments.

After VNIIFK became the tenant, the transformation began into a building convenient for housing VNIIFK laboratories, and a bathhouse-sauna was built in the central part of the main house for the personal use of management. The bathhouse operated for more than 10 years, during which time the plaster flew off the facade and the brick walls began to collapse.

When preparing Moscow for the 1980 Olympics, the palace was included in the list of Olympic venues and by the end of 1979 the premises were completely vacated. Construction work began, which could not be called restoration work. They didn’t make it in time for the Olympics and work was stopped for many years.

Russia

Current state of the estate

Approximately from the mid-1990s, the State Committee for Sports began to be compacted in connection with the further move-in of the Academy of Arts structures into the building.

A few months later, in July 1999, a fire occurred, significantly damaging part of the main building.

Since the fall of 2008, the estate building has housed


Right in the center of Moscow, not far from the bustling Kursky railway station, lies one of the most interesting buildings in Moscow, the once magnificent and rich palace of the city estate of Count Alexei Kirillovich Razumovsky. The famous statesman, trustee of Moscow University, one of the founders of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, minister of public education from 1810 to 1816, lived in his Moscow residence for two years after resigning from government service. It was at this time that a unique Botanical Garden, considered one of the wonders of Moscow, blossomed on his estate near Moscow, the village of Gorenki.
Razumovsky's estate was built in 1801-1803. architect A.A. Menelas, and then in 1842 significantly rebuilt and expanded by the architect A.G. Grigoriev. This is a typical rich city estate of the Yekaterinin era, with an extensive park with ponds, a front entrance courtyard and a central, main manor palace.

The main house is a two-story structure, with a rectangular central part, highlighted by a mezzanine floor with a large arched window, twin columns and lions on extended porticoes, and semicircular wings ending in cubic pavilions.
The state rooms, living rooms and art gallery were located in the central part of the building, and the living rooms were in the wings. The servants lived in the lower ground floor.


The estate was typical in layout, but not quite typical in “content”. Suffice it to say that more than 4 million rubles were spent on its arrangement, a fantastic amount for those times! The halls were decorated with bronze and expensive tapestries, and decorated with Saxon and Sèvres sets specially ordered for the new house. The library of the count, a famous freemason and mystic, amazed the imagination with the abundance of medieval books.
The park at the estate was not inferior in splendor to the house - greenhouses with exotic plants, a grove of orange trees, four ponds with carp, numerous flower beds and alleys delighted the count's gaze.


However, maintaining such a rich estate cost a pretty penny. It is known that the count tried to sell the estate to the treasury in order to pay off his debts, but was refused. After the death of Alexei Kirillovich, the eldest son, Peter, inherited the estate, but from his father he adopted only a craving for splendor and extravagance, but not statesmanship. And by the time he received the inheritance, he had accumulated so many debts that the estate had to be immediately sold for next to nothing. In 1828, the Odessa merchant Yurkov became its owner, who gradually sold the unique priceless furnishings to Moscow antique salons.
The glorious Razumovsky family fell into decline as quickly as it had risen to the heights of wealth and power. Pyotr Alekseevich died in poverty in Odessa, and his father’s brilliant estate went, as they say, from one hand to another.


First, it was bought by the Board of Trustees to set up an orphanage, then it housed a school of paramedics, an almshouse, a seminary, and, from 1901, a nursing home, or more precisely, “the shelter of the Empress Maria Feodorovna for the honored teachers of the institutions of the Empress Maria.”
Despite the numerous owners, the palace and park met the revolution in quite tolerable condition. But with the advent of Soviet power, the misadventures of the estate began, which even survived the capture of Moscow by Napoleon. During the Soviet era, the Institute of Physical Education and its dormitories were located here, as a result of which the ponds, filled up for sports grounds, disappeared from the park. In the 1970s, a research institute for physical culture moved into the palace; the dormitories and noisy students were gone, but a sauna was built in the central part. One can imagine the effect this had on the condition of the palace!

A hasty restoration began for the Moscow Olympics, but it was not completed on time, and as a result, the palace was left to the mercy of fate for many years (in fact, to this day). The looting of the building and decorative elements began, accompanied by the usual vandalism of our citizens...
In the 1990s, the authorities remembered the existence of a unique architectural monument, and...transferred it to the Tsereteli Academy of Arts in 1999! The “arts” were not long in coming; soon after this there was a fire, which caused enormous damage to the structure, and the new owner of the building has still not been able to achieve not only a large-scale restoration, but at least conservation and the construction of a temporary roof to replace the completely destroyed one. But in the more or less preserved stone outbuildings on the left side of the estate building, various tenants were not slow to move in.

It is probably unnecessary to say that according to the lists of the Moscow Heritage Committee, the estate of Count Razumovsky, like the park adjacent to it, is a cultural heritage object (OCH) of federal significance. Of course, no one cares that this unique object is literally rotting alive...


In my story, I repeatedly emphasized the “uniqueness” of Razumovsky’s palace. It's time to finally explain what exactly it consists of. The fact is that the central part of the main building is actually wooden, treated with stone-like plaster. There are practically no wooden buildings left in the capital that survived the Moscow fire of 1812. During the capture of Moscow by Napoleon, Marshal Murat settled in the palace, thanks to which the palace was not damaged at all. However, surviving the bungling of officials and “artists” of various stripes is more difficult than a fire...
In recent years there has been a lot of talk about the “reconstruction” and “recreation” of the estate, signs of some kind of construction work have appeared, workers, wheelbarrows and signs. However, no significant changes have yet been noticeable, which, knowing the ability of our city planners to demolish historical objects under the guise of reconstruction, may even be worth rejoicing at.