Free economic zones were created. In 1997, there were already three SEZs operating in the country (Mariel, Vahay and the city of Havana).

Cuba exports, bringing income to its country's budget, tobacco, seafood, sugar, nickel, medical goods, coffee, and citrus fruits.

Cuba's export partners are China, Canada, Spain, and the Netherlands. China invested $500 million in the Cuban nickel industry, Brazil - the same amount in the development of Cuban hydrocarbon deposits and in the construction of a plant for the production of technical oils. A large nickel ore mining plant has been built in the province of Holguin.

The country today imports food, petroleum products, industrial equipment, and chemical products. Its import business partners are Venezuela, China, and Spain. Particularly close and productive ties in terms of the PetroCaribe oil program with Venezuela. Trade turnover between states annually reaches about $10 billion.

Since 1962, the country has introduced a card system for food distribution. The “black market” is thriving, since food cards are issued here irregularly.

Cuba has a developed system of free public services: medical care, higher and secondary education.

Since October 2010, the list of types of business activities permitted by the government has increased in the country. In 2016, private small and medium-sized businesses were legalized.

Cuban branches of government

Cuba is a socialist republic of parliamentary type. Most of the deputies in parliament today represent the Communist Party of Cuba.

The head of state is the Chairman of the State Council (who is also the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba), who exercises executive power in the country. The Chairman of the Council of Ministers, who is also the Second Secretary of the Central Committee, helps him.

The government of the Cuban state consists of two branches: the Council of Ministers and the Council of State. The ministry employs 31 ministers.

The highest authority on Liberty Island is the National Assembly of People's Power, i.e. parliament of the republic. It includes 609 deputies who are elected for 5 years. She is entrusted with forming a government and appointing the head of the State Council. The responsibilities of the Assembly also include electing the People's Supreme Court. Provincial courts are elected by the provincial assemblies of people's power, municipal courts by the municipal assemblies.

The Republic of Cuba is divided administratively into 16 provinces, which are respectively divided into 169 municipalities. Only one municipality, Juventud, is accountable to the central government; the rest are subordinate to local administrative structures.

Cuba's participation in international organizations

IN last years, having changed course in the political sphere, being squeezed by economic sanctions, Cuba became more active in influential international organizations.

The Republic is a member of the World Trade Organization and takes an active part in international agreements: the Paris Convention, the New York Convention on International Arbitration, and the Madrid Protocol. Cuba is a member of the international organization of ACP states. For decades, Cuba has been participating in social programs at the international level.

There are 57 Cuban specialists working in 101 countries, of whom 70% are health workers. One of Cuba's programs, Operation Miracle, provides affordable medical care in 16 countries to poor, seriously ill people. In 28 states Latin America The “Yes, I can” program is running, aimed at combating illiteracy.

No matter what direction Cuba goes, its beauty will remain unchanged. natural landscape, the originality of culture and the attractiveness of the Cuban mentality.

Liberty Island Cuba - legendary country, about which, for all its color, we know not so much. Meanwhile, this island is rich in its history, culture and incredible life experiences. Time stopped in Cuba about three decades ago. And you still have the opportunity to see the world of the past.

What is it like, Cuba on the map

In the north Caribbean Sea The very interesting, original and uniquely memorable country of the Republic of Cuba is located. It covers not only the central island, but also several smaller ones. It is divided into 16 provinces and also includes the municipality of the Islas Juventud. No matter how large Cuba may seem, its population is about 11,300,000 people.

The state is a member of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization. The dominant Communist Party directs politics. The flag of Cuba is colored white, blue and red. The three blue stripes symbolize the Spanish parts of Cuba, the two white stripes symbolize independence, the red triangle symbolizes equality, and the star symbolizes freedom.

Cuba covers a total area of ​​110,860 square kilometers and a length of 1,250 kilometers. The state borders the USA, Mexico, Jamaica and the island of Haiti. The climate here is tropical, with temperatures ranging from 22 to 30 degrees Celsius.

Where the name Freedom Island came from is not entirely known. It is assumed that the word “Cuba” came from the Taino Indians, who called the island “a beautiful place.” And some historians say that Columbus named the island Cuba in honor of the village of the same name in Portugal.

History of Cuba

Cuba passed difficult path during its formation. These lands have seen many revolutionary actions. The first civil uprising took place back in 1823, when local residents decided to fight for an independent Spain. From 1868 to 1878, fighting took place here during the Ten Years' War for the independence of the Cuban people. This was followed by a number of revolutionary leaders who introduced their own rules and principles of government to Cuba.

The well-known Fidel Castro came here in 1953. It was with his activities that the Cuban Revolution began, which opposed the ruling dictator Batista. When he fled the island, the “leftist” revolutionaries took the leading position. But the optimistic trend did not last long, as repression soon began in Cuba. Castro was afraid of the dangerous influence of the United States, and actively began to cooperate with the Soviet Union.

It was this, the largest state at that time, that supported Cuba materially and financially. But when Perestroika began in the Union, the relationship changed. And Cuba itself has lost its former power. There was little money, not enough jobs. Stability was achieved only in 1994.

The Church in Cuba operates according to its own rules, because everyone here has the right to their own religion. They mainly profess Catholicism. But sometimes there are examples of Protestantism and African cults, which are built on making sacrifices and worshiping various pagan gods.

They say the language here is predominantly Spanish, but you can also hear English and Italian. In some regions, Dutch, German and various local dialects are spoken.

Cuba and its cities

The capital of Cuba, the city of Havana, is a tourist center and one of the largest in the country. Its total area is almost 727 square kilometers, on which 15 municipalities are located. Havana received capital status in 1902, and this moment here is the cultural, economic and political center of the country.

There are a lot of museums built in the city, in particular the Colonial, the National, the Jose Marti House Museum and the Museum of the Revolution. You can also see many old restored houses from the 16th-18th centuries. The house-museum of the great writer Ernesto Hemingway, who was impossibly in love with Cuba, is also open.

The second largest city in Cuba by area and importance is Santiago de Cuba. It was built and inhabited at the beginning of the 16th century, and until 1556 it served as the capital of the state. Here, as in the capital, a lot of museums have been opened: ethnographic, municipal, natural history and others.

Tourists come to the south of Cuba to try their hand at recreational diving and see the fortress of San Pedro de la Roca del Morro. By the way, it is in this city that the grave of dictator Fidel Castro is located.

The city of Camagüey was built in the center of Cuba in 1514. Local residents suffered from pirate attacks for several decades, but over time the area has changed. Surrounded picturesque nature, the city is famous for its numerous attractions - the Ignacio Argamonte Museum, Trabajadores and Soledad squares, and, of course, the Casino Campestre park.

How to organize an unforgettable vacation in Cuba

Despite the fact that Cuba is not the richest country, tourists will definitely have something to see here.

The bell towers in the capital Cathedral St. Christoph's, listed building World Heritage humanity UNESCO. It was built from 1767 to the end of the 19th century; the crown of the architectural creation was the frescoes of Giuseppe Perovani. The bells are made of bronze mixed with silver and gold.

Be sure to take a walk along the Prado Boulevard in the capital, this promenade separates the two regions of Havana. Noisy and colorful Cuban weddings take place here, since the Wedding Palace is located on the boulevard. A large Seville hotel was built for tourists, and the old Capitol rises nearby. Walking along the boulevard in the evening, you will certainly see the Bolshoi Theater and Central Park. Walk a little more and you will be on the Malecon embankment.

Scenic and one of the largest parks, the Sierra del Rosario can be seen if you reach the Rosario Ridge. Big park is a protected area with a length of 250 kilometers. This land is home to a tropical forest with more than 800 plant species. At the moment, the park is of particular natural value for UNESCO

And, of course, you can’t come to Cuba without stopping by Hemingway’s house. It was here that the writer lived almost until the end of his life. He was inspired by the unique seascape and fresh salty air. Hemingway arrived in Cuba in 1940, but the house in which he settled was built at the end of the 19th century. Gorgeous views, rum and National character inspired the author to write the legendary novel “The Old Man and the Sea.”

In 1961, the writer passed away, and a year later, in tribute to his work, the Cuban authorities made a museum in his house. Everything here is preserved in the form Ernest is used to seeing. Even in the bedroom, on the desktop, they installed an exact copy of the typewriter on which brilliant works were created.

Cuba is something unique

Such another country definitely cannot be found anywhere in the world. And there are plenty of quirks on Liberty Island. Accustomed to prohibitions, repressions and restrictions, Cubans have some other permissions. Surprisingly, the activities of Masonic lodges are still legal here. To this day, there is an organization of Freemasons, including slightly less than 300,000 local residents.

But there are much more prohibitions. For example, one of the strangest rules is the ban on catching and eating lobsters by locals. This product is considered exclusively touristic and is grown or caught by state monopolists. Local residents do not have the right to this product. We are talking not only about lobsters, but also about lobsters. To tell the truth, this rule is, of course, violated. But it still remains within the law and implies imprisonment for several years.

Photography in Cuba is a separate art form. But before you take that coveted photo, make sure it's legal. It is strictly prohibited to photograph administrative and military buildings, cars and any other places. There are quite a lot of KGB officers in all cities, but it’s better not to risk taking photos or videos with them. If you photograph locals or take selfies with them, then first of all, ask permission. You are unlikely to hear a refusal, but if this happens, it is better to immediately erase the photo.

And the most popular entertainment in Havana is the Tropicana show. It features a traditional cabaret with colorful Cuban costumes. The ticket price is 95 Cuban pesos, which includes a pass to the event, a glass of champagne, a can of Coca-Cola and a bottle of rum. Cabaret talks about rich history Cuba from the times of the Indians to the Castro dictators.

Cuba and tourism

What does a tourist do when he gets tired of the sights or when there are a little less than a couple of hours left before the plane? Of course, he goes shopping!

The Caribbean coast is rich in its ocean attractions and beauty. In local souvenir shops you can buy bracelets and figurines made from turtle shells. It will be interesting for musicians to bring bongos, for fashionistas - a guayabera shirt. Well, where would we be without the traditional portraits of Che Guevara, which look at tourists from T-shirts, cups, key rings and other things.

You are unlikely to have to buy groceries, but you won’t be able to do it particularly well either. In Cuba, everything is issued with coupons, and there are supermarkets for tourists. To tell the truth, big shopping centers There are only two in Cuba, and then in the capital.

What to try in Cuba?

Of course, drink a glass of rum and, if your tastes permit, light a fragrant cigar and feel like Al Capone. Buying Rum in any city in Cuba is easier than finding a store without a queue. Rum prices are minimal, but the quality matches the price. If you want to try a good cigar, then check out the Cigar Museum. This way you will learn more about this iconic item and buy a quality product at a relatively low price.

As for restaurants, things are not going too well. There are no big five-star restaurants with arches and waiters in bow-ties in Cuba. And even small cafes with three tables with a thatched roof are called a restaurant here. But the food in all establishments is quite tasty. Seafood cuisine is widespread. The same lobsters and spiny lobsters, which are relatively inexpensive here.

Everything about Cuba for tourists

To visit Cuba you will need. The Embassy of Liberty Island welcomes Ukrainian tourists quite warmly, so the documents will be processed quickly. With such a visa you can stay in the country for up to 30 days, and if the atmosphere of the island drags on for some more time, then the Ukrainian embassy will easily extend the documents.

They will cost you about 500-700 dollars. to Cuba ranges from 25 to 50 thousand hryvnia. A hotel in a tourist city will cost approximately 1500 - 2600 hryvnia per day. In smaller cities, hotels cost approximately
1000 - 1500 hryvnia per day. You can truly give yourself a gift paradisaic delight and rent a house, villa or cottage on the coast. This luxury will cost 800 - 2200 hryvnia per day.

There is one fact worth knowing about currency. There are two types of pesos in Cuba. The first is designated as CUP, this currency is less colorfully printed and is intended for local residents. For tourists, the peso is designated as CUC. This is the so-called convertible peso, which is related to the regular peso as 1:25, respectively. Interestingly, in any city in Cuba they accept both currencies. But the quirk still exists.

Video - 13 interesting facts about Cuba

Regarding money, it is also important to know that there are no terminals in the local stores. So you should always have cash with you. It is better to withdraw a large amount from ATMs at once, because the commissions there are literally extortionate. Part of the amount should be kept close to you, and part should be left in the hotel or villa safe. And in general, all valuables should be kept with you. Cuba has a fairly high rate of theft.

When taking photos, do not forget that posting pictures on Instagram will not be very easy. There is no Internet on a large scale in Cuba. It can only be used with a card in certain places. Either in central regions city ​​at the main post office. Or in a hotel, of course.

In Cuba it is a separate world that cannot be compared with anything. Temperamental, emotional and to this day not despondent Cubans will happily share their experience with you for old times sake. Ukrainians are common guests in Cuba. Once upon a time, an annual tour to Cuba was organized for the children of Chernobyl. Now everything is getting better, and Cuba is still waiting for our fellow countrymen. All that’s left to do is find out where Cuba is, order a visa, book a hotel and fly to your sunny vacation.

Cuba is a unique country. No matter how sophisticated a tourist is, this island will always remain a dream. Amazing story this country, its location, fauna, culture - everything here is captivating, everything is exciting.

People come here with children; adventure lovers are looking for extreme sports here; people stop here in couples and one at a time with the goal of seclusion, living away from civilization, in harmony with nature.

But, of course, today’s youth are most attracted to Cuba. Free, noisy, cheerful, it is simply created for those who cannot imagine their life without wild parties, dancing, and all kinds of entertainment.

Moreover, the myth that living costs in Cuba are higher than in other countries is slowly dissipating Caribbean. By having dinner at an inexpensive restaurant and renting a not-so-expensive room, you can easily get by 50 $ per day. But you will have enough impressions to last a lifetime.

Capital
Havana

Population

11.5 million people

110,860 thousand m²

Population density

102 inhabitants per 1 km²

Spanish

Religion

Catholicism

Form of government

parliamentary socialist republic

Cuban Peso (CUP)

Timezone

International dialing code

Internet domain zone

Electricity

110/220V/60Hz, socket type: A, B, C

Climate and weather

The tropical, trade wind climate of the island of Cuba provides fairly high temperatures throughout the year. Average annual temperature here is approximately +25.5 °C. The coldest month is January (+22.5 °C), the hottest - August (27.8 °C). The water off the coast remains almost warm all year round: from +22 °C – in winter and from +28 °C - in summer. The average annual precipitation is also quite high - about 1500 mm. Mostly it's rain. However, very dry years are not so rare in Cuba.

In general, the climatic seasons on the island are quite clearly defined: May-September is the rainy season, October-April is dry. The autumn-summer period is characterized by heavy rainfall, often with strong winds.

Humidity is very high all year round.

Nature

Cuba is rich in man-made attractions, which millions of people dream of touching. different countries peace. However, natural ensembles that amaze with their beauty are no less valuable: paradise beaches tens of kilometers, fabulous uninhabited islands with palm groves and mangroves, karst caves and low picturesque mountains.

The relief of Cuba is flat, but the bizarre shapes of the highest mountain range Sierra Maestra, stretching along the southeastern coast for hundreds of kilometers, impresses even seasoned travelers.

Cuba has a rich fauna and flora. Some plant species you will not find anywhere else in the world. And the variety of exotic species of butterflies and birds is simply amazing!

Attractions

Some of the cities and regions that you need to visit when traveling around Cuba include:

  • Havana;
  • Santiago de Cuba;
  • Holguin.

In the capital alone there are about 1000 buildings of architectural value! Among the most famous are the cathedral square and Cathedral of St. Christopher(XVII century), building of the former governor's palace Cubes, fortresses La Cabaña and La Fuerza(XVI century). Is extremely popular among tourists Cathedral immaculate conception , and Ernest Hemingway House Museum. Undoubtedly, night life Cuba is also concentrated here in the capital.

Getting into Santiago de Cuba- the second largest city in Cuba - tourists usually head to the picturesque city Cespedes Park. This is perhaps one of the main attractions of the city. Besides, Santiago de Cuba, formerly the capital, can be considered the center cultural life islands: numerous museums, theaters, cathedrals attract those who want not only to enjoy the beauty of Cuba, but also to learn more about its history.

The most popular resort on the island is Varadero(province of Matanzas). The local beaches are among the top three in the world, and their surroundings are an ideal place for tourists with a wide variety of tastes and hobbies. There is also a dolphinarium here - an integral attribute of any resort - where anyone can not only admire the local inhabitants, but also swim with them.

Second in importance resort region —Holguin. This is where the most beautiful in Cuba is located Playa Esmeralda beach. The riches of the region also include six waterfalls and a rich fauna. In addition, Holguin is often called the city of public gardens. Walking here is not only pleasant, but also interesting: the city is very diverse in terms of architecture.

Nutrition

The gastronomic preferences of Cubans are quite diverse. The cuisine of this country mixes the traditions of Spain, Africa, Caribbean Islands. Here they treat meat with respect and cannot do without vegetables and fruits. A separate culinary topic - bananas. Cubans have dozens of options for preparing it and hundreds of options for dishes that include banana. They are fried, baked, used as an ingredient in sauce, and served as dessert.

By the way, desserts in Cuba are distinguished by their sweetness. Popular here mousses, puddings, ice cream. Many amazing dishes are made from tropical fruits and sugar cane. syrups.

Coffee is held in special esteem by local residents. It is drunk very strong and sweet throughout the day. Among the alcoholic drinks, the favorite among Cubans is rum. It is customary to serve table wine with lunch and dinner.

The best food in Cuba is in restaurants located in private homes. They're called paladares. Lunch at such a restaurant will cost you approximately 7 $ , which is two times less than in a state restaurant. You can also get a bite to eat in the city by buying pizza or a sandwich from street vendors.

In Cuban restaurants, it is customary to tip based on 10% from the order cost. It is better to give the money personally to the waiter.

Accommodation

Most hotels located in Cuban resorts have five-star status. The beaches adjacent to such hotels are, as a rule, very well equipped with everything necessary for relaxation. Meals are most often organized according to the buffet principle, less often - according to the menu. The cost of an all-inclusive room in such a hotel will be close to 100 $ . For comparison: the same room in state hotel middle class will cost approximately 35 $ , and in private - in 15-25 $ .

Almost all hotels in Cuba have a car rental department.

Entertainment and relaxation

Of course, when it comes to entertainment in Cuba, the first thing you want to talk about is the island’s nightlife. In terms of the number of clubs, bars, and discos, Liberty Island ranks first in Caribbean . Music and dance lovers come here simply to immerse themselves in this environment. Particularly rich nightlife in the capital. Havana is ready to satisfy any request. Cabarets, jazz clubs, Latin American shows - the nightlife of the Cuban capital is varied in rhythm. By the way, anyone can learn Afro-Cuban dances: dance lessons are organized right at the hotels.

Clubs and restaurants are not the only way of leisure for Cubans and guests of the island. Diving, fishing and hunting are extremely popular here. There is also something for speleology lovers to do here: the huge karst caves captivate both professionals and simply curious tourists.

Throughout the year, Cuba hosts many holiday events and festivals. The Fire Festival and Carnival in Santiago de Cuba (take place in the summer) are particularly spectacular. In August, the island hosts a Cuban music festival.

Purchases

It is better to buy food in Cuba in supermarkets or stores. In shops INTUR tiendas you can buy clothes, food, medicines, souvenirs for foreign currency. By the way, about souvenirs. You'll probably want to buy a bottle or two Cuban rum and cigars. You can also choose rum in the store (a bottle costs from 5 $ ), but to buy good cigars, it’s better to contact Real Fabrica de Tabaco Partagas. On the ground floor of the factory there is a store that sells all types of cigars.

Surely in the first days of your stay in Cuba you will want to buy a T-shirt with the image of the symbol of all revolutions - Che Guevara. Although it would be better if you follow the example of the locals and buy Guyabera shirt, in which you can easily endure any heat.

Not only rum and cigars, but also other exclusively “ Cuban» accessories: straw hats, wicker shoes, hammock. Audio CDs purchased in Havana with recordings of spirited local music will help prolong the festive mood (there is no other way in Cuba!).

When going shopping, do not forget that Cubans sacredly honor traditions: a four-hour rest in the afternoon is a must. However, it’s not just a matter of tradition: the scorching sun simply does not allow full-fledged work.

And one more important note. Icon $ on the price tag means nothing more than the word “ price" But the real cost of the goods is most often indicated in pesos.

When buying products made from crocodile skin, ask the seller for an export license, otherwise the souvenir may be seized at customs.

Transport

The main airport in Cuba is International Airport Jose Marti, located 18 km from Havana. As for municipal transport, then, alas, its condition is deplorable. There are very few city buses, and they often break down. There is no schedule as such at all. If you plan to move around the city, rent a bicycle: this type of transport is common here.

Communication between cities is also poorly established. Buses and minibuses almost always crowded and bad traffic. Tickets for these must be purchased in advance.

In general, a tourist in Cuba cannot do without a car. And, fortunately, there are no particular problems with this. All that is required to rent a car is a driver’s license and at least a year of driving experience. True, this service is quite expensive - 60 $ per day. But believe me, there is simply no better way to see Cuba.

As for the quality of roads, then, as you may have guessed, there are problems. The traffic rules are standard, but there are practically no signs and markings. Service stations are also, in general, rare. Therefore, when renting a car, do not be lazy to check if everything is in order with the car. Including check whether the tank is full.

The only plus is that “tourist” cars (they have special colored license plates) enjoy benefits, and the police simply do not pay attention to minor violations.

Connection

Today Cuba is served by a single telecom operator - the company ETECSA. The current standard is GSM 900, in some areas - GSM 850. You can buy a phone card at any hotel or store.

Calling from a pay phone abroad is cheaper than calling from a hotel room (approximately 5 $ per minute of conversation with Moscow). And not every hotel has a telephone with international access.

Today there are 2 Internet providers on the island.

Safety

As for the safety of your stay on the island, various types of threats can await you everywhere, despite the fact that Cuba is a fairly safe country. First tip: don't walk around Old Havana after 10 pm. If only because at this time the city lights are turned off. It is better to store documents in your room, in a special safe (if there is one, of course).

Smoking in in public places strictly prohibited. It is not recommended to give alms to the poor: this is punishable by law.

Beware of the Cuban sun: you can get burned even in cloudy weather. Use protective equipment and be sure to cover your head. Be careful when swimming: in the sea you can easily get hurt by a sea urchin or sharp coral. Jellyfish can be extremely dangerous.

Business climate

The country's two main sources of income are sugar production and tourism. The tourism industry is developing rapidly, attracting more and more foreign investors. In addition, Cuba is a global leader in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.

At the moment, Cuba is in the spotlight of the world business community. Liberty Island amazes with its prospects, but at the same time, it is one of the most closed countries in the world. A huge plus is the absence of taxes for foreign entrepreneurs. Among the disadvantages are poor infrastructure and the possibility of opening a business exclusively in partnership with a state-owned enterprise. It is not yet possible to register your company in Cuba.

Real estate

One of the most pressing problems in Cuba is housing. Most of the housing stock has long been in need of reconstruction and overhaul. As for buying a home on the island, such an operation is generally impossible for an ordinary foreigner. Even if you have millions of dollars in your pocket, you will not be able to buy housing here. Of course, there is an unofficial real estate market, but, of course, such a purchase has no guarantees. Although the prices are quite reasonable: an apartment in an old panel house can cost from 15 000 $ . And in the provinces it is several times less.

  • Cubans are generally very cheerful, talkative, sociable and hospitable. But they are very proud. They will, of course, try to speak to you in English, but if you say at least a few phrases in bad Spanish, the Cuban will definitely love you.
  • You should also know some of the Cuban traditions if you are planning to visit Liberty Island. In order not to offend a good-natured Cuban, you should never refuse an offer for a drink or dinner. It is advisable to accompany requests with special appeals: "mi amor", "mi corazon"- when talking to a woman, "amigo", "viejo"- when talking to a man.
  • Photograph industrial buildings and military equipment prohibited in Cuba, but Cubans themselves, as a rule, willingly pose for the camera. Of course, before you capture the colorful appearance of an island resident, you need to ask permission.

Visa information

Tourists from Russia do not require a visa to Cuba if the period of visiting the country does not exceed 30 days. In order to cross the state border, you need to present a passport valid for the duration of your stay in Cuba, 2 copies of a migration card (one of which must be kept until departure from the country), as well as return tickets. Must have cash at the rate of $50 per day for 1 person. This does not apply to tourists who used the services of travel agencies.

However, you can take care of a visa in advance by contacting the consular department of the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Moscow. Among the documents submitted to the visa department must be a foreign passport (its validity must not expire earlier than 6 months from the date of arrival in the country), copies of round-trip tickets, confirmation of a hotel room reservation (a travel agency voucher or an invitation from a specific person), as well as a photo in size 3x4 cm. The consular fee will be $30, and the visa will be valid for one month.

For more specific information on obtaining a visa to the Republic of Cuba, please contact: 119017, Moscow, st. Bolshaya Ordynka, 66.

Geography of Cuba

The island of Cuba, part of the Great Antilles, located in the Caribbean Sea. The length of the island is 1,199 km, its territory is 105,006 square meters. km. Most of the island is occupied by hilly plains; in the southeast of the island there are the Sierra Maestra mountains with the highest point in the country - Turquino Peak (1975 m).

Government of Cuba

The Socialist Republic of Cuba is headed by the President of the Republic of Cuba, elected by the National Assembly of People's Power for a 5-year term. The country's main judicial body is the Supreme Court of Cuba. The main executive body of the country is the National Assembly of People's Power.

Weather in Cuba

The peak tourist season in Cuba is Christmas, Easter and the summer months of July and August, when hotels and other service establishments raise prices. In July and August, Cuba experiences very hot, dry weather. The most best time for a holiday in Cuba falls from January to May (the weather is warm, there is no threat of hurricanes).

Language of Cuba

The official language of Cuba is Spanish, and it is spoken by the majority of the country's population. Immigrants speak Catalan and Corsican. English, German and Italian are the languages ​​of tourism.

Religion of Cuba

About half of Cuba's population is Catholic. About 4% of the population professes Protestantism, and local folk beliefs are also common on the island.

Currency of Cuba

The monetary unit of Cuba is the Cuban convertible peso (CUC) and the Cuban peso (CUP). The country mainly uses Cuban convertible pesos.

You can exchange foreign currency at bank branches and exchange offices international airports. The commission for exchanging US dollars is 8%.

International bank cards are accepted in large hotels, restaurants and shops.

Customs restrictions

It is prohibited to import weapons, narcotic and psychotropic substances, antiques, and precious metals into the country. It is allowed to export cigars (23 pcs).

You can import duty free:

  • Tobacco products (200 pcs.)
  • Perfumery
  • Medicines and personal items.

Tips

In Cuba, it is customary to leave 10% of the bill as a tip. The hotel leaves 1 dollar for the maids.

Souvenirs

Tourists bring coral jewelry, turtle shells, and national musical instruments (for example, bongos) from Liberty Island. Do not deny yourself the pleasure of grabbing famous Cuban rum and Cuban cigars from Cuba. Don't forget about the famous Cuban untucked shirt - the guyabera.

Office hours

Banks are open from 8:30 to 12:00 and from 13:30 to 15:00 (Mon-Fri), on Saturday they are open from 8:30 to 10:30. Sunday is a day off.

Most shops in the country are open from 9 am to 6 pm from Monday to Friday. Don't forget about the midday siesta, when all retail establishments are closed. On Saturday, shops are open shortened from 9 am to 3 pm. Large supermarkets in tourist centers open at 10 am and close at 8 pm.

Photo and video shooting

Photo and video filming of strategically important objects (airports, bridges), as well as military equipment is prohibited.

Safety

Cuba has a generally calm crime situation, however, in Central Havana there is a high probability of being robbed, especially at night.

Medicine

Cuba has fairly high standards of medical care. You can find most types of medications at your local pharmacies. Tourists are advised to obtain a visa before entering the country. health insurance. IN major cities Modern clinics with English-speaking staff are available to tourists.

Mains voltage:

220V

Code of the country:

+53

Geographic first level domain name:

.cu

Emergency numbers:

National Police: 82-0116
Fire brigade: 81-1115
Ambulance: 24-2811

Representative offices of Cuba in the Russian Federation:

Cuba - green Island with the taste of rum and the smell of expensive cigars. Cuba's ragtag, shabby cities dream of remnants of colonial grandeur. And the snow-white beaches and paradise palm trees remember Hemingway himself.

I won’t compete with him in describing tropical beauties, I’ll just tell you about what’s important for an independent trip to Liberty Island.

Visa and border crossing

You do not need a visa to visit Cuba. Russian tourist may stay on the territory of the Cuban Republic for up to 30 days. This rule also applies to Belarusians.

Upon entry, you must pay a consular fee of 25 USD and fill out a migration card. Fill out two copies at once: present the second one upon departure.

In addition to your migration card, present your return ticket and hotel reservation or invitation. If there is no reservation, they may ask for a card statement. A simple printout will do, but the amount must be the equivalent of $50 for each day of your stay.

However, if you arrive late at night, the Cubans are not particularly picky.

Import

It is prohibited to import into Cuba:

  • animals and plants without appropriate sanitary documents;
  • the amount of medications visually exceeds the personal needs of the tourist;
  • sausages, cheeses, meat and fish not in cans;
  • large electrical appliances (microwaves, food processors, televisions);
  • pornography and firearms (if it is a hunting weapon, you must not only have a permit with you, but also have it certified by the Cuban authorities upon arrival in the country).

Export

It is not permitted to export from Cuba:

  • sums of money in foreign currency for Cuba, in terms of exceeding $5,000;
  • amounts more than 1000 CUC (Cuban convertible pesos) per person, this is the equivalent of $1000; Read more about local currency in the “Money” section;
  • historical cultural values ​​(paintings, antiques);
  • jewelry and crocodile skin products without an export permit, which is issued only to customers in stores;
  • animals, plants (without appropriate sanitary documents);
  • more than 23 cigars without packaging and receipt (if you buy in special stores and don’t open the box, you can fill your entire suitcase with them);
  • more than 3 bottles of alcohol (it is assumed that they are liter bottles, the strength of the drink does not matter);
  • there is also a restriction on sea ​​shells and corals, but I brought a huge shell that I found on the ocean shore; if you really want to, take a risk too, just wrap your “find” or purchase in several T-shirts.

How to get there

From Moscow and major cities RF Cuba can only be reached by plane. You will also have to fly to countries neighboring Cuba, but it will take longer and be more expensive. I really don’t recommend planning a trip to Cuba from. It would seem that the countries are very close, and pleasant a cruise ship will easily take you from sunny Florida to equally sunny Havana. But relations between the countries are still so strained that even Americans travel to Cuba through Canada.

So be prepared for a long and relatively expensive flight. I advise you to take films, music, books that you haven’t gotten around to, or a couple of friends on the road.

Tourist regions

Cuba can be roughly divided into several tourist regions based on the basic needs of travelers, as shown in the map below.

I'll tell you briefly about them:






See which package tours are offered to different regions of Liberty Island, you can by. It’s convenient to select hotels on, while you can compare prices from different sites in the TravelAsk section, get acquainted with the options for renting private apartments -.

Top cities






Top attractions




Weather

Cuba is located in a tropical trade wind climate zone. It's hot and humid here. It will be a little difficult to breathe at first, but acclimatization usually does not take more than a day. And if you plan to spend your vacation on the beach, you won’t need it at all. Here winds blow from the ocean and the climate is drier.

There are two seasons in Cuba and the surrounding islands:

  1. dry, also known as tourist (October-May);
  2. rainy (June-September).

Although windsurfers and surfers prefer the rainy season due to the rising waves.

The most favorable time to travel to Cuba is from November to April. The temperature during the day is about +30 °C during the day, and at night it does not drop below +25 °C.

You should not fly to Cuba in October and May. At the end of October you can find yourself in hurricane season, and in May it rains for half a month.

Money

With money in Cuba interesting story. There are two currency units in use throughout the country:

  • V tourist areas- convertible Cuban peso CUC,
  • in the rest of the territory - inconvertible Cuban peso CUP.

Moreover, native Cubans not associated with tourism may not have even seen the CUC. You can distinguish currencies by the inscription convertible on the tourist peso.

Rate 1 CUC=1$ (64.63 RUB and approximately 1.1€). It is more profitable to come to Cuba with euros and then exchange them for convertible pesos, since when exchanging dollars you will be charged a tax of 15-20% of the amount. By the way, banks here are open from 8.30 to noon, then they close for siesta for almost 2 hours. After lunch they work until 15.00. On Saturday mornings only from 8.30 to 10.30. Sunday is a day off.

Currency exchange occurs in one window of any bank in 2 steps:

  1. Exchange USD or EUR to CUC.
  2. Exchange CUC (partially possible) for CUP, which are officially called “Moneda National”.

Cards are accepted in the main tourist places: at resorts, in large cities. Payments by VISA are faster than by MasterCard, which is due to the American origin of the latter.

It is easier to pay in cash for small purchases. Euros and dollars are accepted only in special tourist taxis; for other expenses, stock up on local CUC.

Moving around the country

Cubans hitchhike around the country. But I don’t recommend this method to tourists to avoid difficulties. You shouldn’t take travel companions when traveling by car.

The most convenient way for foreigners to travel around Cuba is by taxi or rented car.

Taxi

Tourist taxis are quite high-quality cars with checkers and air conditioning.

Travel here is paid in dollars. For 1 km of travel you will be charged from 50 cents to $1.

Rented car

You can rent a car in major cities: , Santiago de Cuba or immediately upon arrival at the airport. Here you can get acquainted with the offers of rental offices and the price level for different cars. For rent you need:

  • International driving license.
  • A foreign passport indicating that the driver is over 21 years old.
  • Pledge. The average size is about $200 (200 CUC). Depending on the brand of the car, it can be both more expensive and cheaper. If you pay the deposit in cash, credit card not required.

In Cuba, traffic is on the right, the roads are empty compared to Moscow. The central highways are well-groomed and smooth. And in small towns you can spend a long time looking for signs and markings. The traffic rules are standard, and Cuban traffic cops are loyal to tourists.

Intercity buses

Major cities in Cuba have central bus stations, from where intercity buses run. Tickets can also be purchased here. Intercity buses adhere to schedules and have relatively clear fares.

An Astra Bus ticket from Havana to Varadero will cost about $9 (9 CUC) (this is the most a budget option). Traveling along this route in the more comfortable Viazul Bus will cost $12–13 (12–13 CUC). The latter even have a website where you can purchase tickets online.

City buses

But I don’t recommend taking city buses. There is no schedule, no clear tariff either. Where there is a stop, and where you have to beg the driver to let you out of the stuffy cabin - I still haven’t figured it out.

If you really want to, try it. But take a closer look at how much they pay from the ticket. Usually around $3 (3 CUC). That's how long you hold out. Don't ask the driver for the fare unless you want to pay $6 (6 CUC).

Connection

Communications in Cuba are not much fun. There is only one mobile operator (aka Internet provider) - ETESCA.

You can buy a SIM card directly at Havana Airport: the ETESCA office is located in Terminal 3.

Communication is expensive. For a minute of conversation with Russia, you will be charged $1.40 (1.40 CUC), for calls to Cuban numbers - $0.35 (0.35 CUC). But it's cheaper than calling from a Russian SIM card. I had no complaints about the quality of communication in either case.

The Internet works mainly in hotels, for a fee and at an extremely low speed. Enough to find some important information in search engines and check your email. Viewing photos and especially videos is out of the question. It's worth trying your luck at an internet cafe. But cosmic speeds do not await you there either.

Language and communication

Since the time of Spanish rule in Cuba, the Spanish language has taken hold. English is spoken in popular resorts and major tourist cities. Cubans are very talkative and will talk to you even on their fingers if they want to chat.

Cubans are more than friendly towards Russians. Many of them studied in the USSR. They proudly call themselves engineers and speak Russian with almost no accent. And if you, like me, at least understand Spanish - independent travel getting around the island of freedom will not be difficult for you.

The most popular word in Havana and beyond is amigo (friend). Even the ubiquitous OK is inferior to it. With amigo on their lips, Cubans both welcome tourists and steal wallets from onlookers.

10 more phrases in transcription that are useful to learn before arriving in Cuba:

  • Good afternoon - Buenos dias! - Buenos dias!
  • Thank you - Gracias - Gracias.
  • Please - Por favor - Pro favor.
  • Yes / No - Si / But - Si / No.
  • I don’t understand - But comprendo - No comprendo.
  • Where is the exchange office/toilet located? - Donde esta la officina de cambio / el bagno? - Donde esta la oficina de cambio / el bano?
  • Where can I get a taxi? - Donde puedo koher un koche? -Donde puedo cojer un coche?
  • Stop here, please - Pare aqui, por favor - Pare aqui, por favor.
  • What is the price? - Quanto cuesta? - Quanto questa?
  • Can I try this on? - Is Puedo drunk? - Puedo probarmelo?
  • Very expensive! - Mui karo! - Muy caro!

On the subject of the last phrase: bargaining is accepted in the standard way. Insist on your price or discount; if they don’t agree, turn around and walk away with a proud look. Most likely, you will be called “Amigo!” or "Señor/Señora!" This means that the seller has matured to your terms and you can return.

Features of mentality

I won’t compare Cubans with Russians, since I’m not far from a dissertation on the similarities and differences of opposites. Cubans are original and funny, and here are their traits point by point:

  • Cubans love to chat.
    Here, don’t just feed them rice - they’ll stand on the street with a neighbor, a friend, the first person they meet and talk about business, about money, about relatives, about coffee, about women passing by. If you know Spanish and don’t have time to chat, it’s better not to ask a Cuban a question.
    On the other hand, if you have an extra hour and want to find interesting route or buy the most delicious (and cheapest) coffee in Havana - feel free to contact a Cuban. A fascinating conversation for half an hour, and maybe even evening gatherings with the company of your new acquaintance in a bar are guaranteed. Little advice: It’s better to ask dark, plump, middle-aged men - they are the most talkative, harmless and good-natured.

  • Cubans live one day at a time - today.
    Cubans have lived through many difficult times and may have lost the habit of thinking ahead. Or they never knew how, like most islanders. They love to dream about the future when they will be big and rich.
    Well, it’s better not to try to find out what time Señor Sanchez will open his fruit shop tomorrow. He himself doesn't know. And if he calls a time at random, the shop will open half an hour later (at least). I advise you to get used to and accept the lateness of the Cubans. Happy hours don't watch!

  • Cubans are very emotional.
    As I wrote above, the locals live slowly and only now. For this reason, they do not experience depression. They don't even know the word. Quarreling, swearing right on Prado Boulevard or pouring water out of a window on the head of a neighbor who didn’t please you is welcome. Then hugging the same neighbor and scolding their husbands for idleness (behind their backs, of course) is also a frequent occurrence. But for all the colors to fade and you don’t want to live - I haven’t heard that in Cuba.
  • Cubans dance in the streets.
    It happens spontaneously. One Cuban was strumming a guitar, two were sitting and clapping their knees to the rhythm. A woman walking by clicked her heels.
    A dancing couple immediately formed, then another, and another. Look, the whole street is dancing. The mood passes, and everyone calmly goes about their business. You stand there and don’t believe that they were really dancing here 5 minutes ago.

  • Cubans admire women.
    The European type is considered especially attractive. Apparently, because of the exoticism. Fair skin, golden hair and Blue eyes This is a curiosity here. If a girl has most of the named traits, she cannot avoid whistles and compliments. This is a national trait, and I advise you to come to terms with it. Not shouting after a girl that she is beautiful is akin to admitting that you are not a man. How can a Cuban allow this to happen? If you don't plan to make acquaintances, don't look back. Usually things don’t go beyond shouting and whistling. If a Cuban has already followed you and continues to sing your praises, politely say that you don’t understand and hurry up. Better in english. He's not honored here.
  • Cubans live by the rules.
    Every Cuban recognizes himself as a Catholic and will tell you if you are interested in what is good and what is bad. The rules will apply to everything - work, food, wife, children, neighbors, favorite dance and bathing time. This has little to do with religion. For example, you should only drink coffee with rice, and you definitely need rum with meat. Another Cuban will firmly believe otherwise. And both will not be able to explain to you where this belief came from.
  • Cubans are patriots.
    They are very proud of their past: Che Guevara, Fidel Castro and all the idols of the revolution. Fresh graffiti painted by teenagers on the walls is living proof of this. Nevertheless, every Cuban is aware of the insignificance of his salary compared to the money that tourists are willing to spend on vacation. And everyone dreams of moving further away and getting rich there.
    But, since they don’t believe in tomorrow and don’t like to make plans, dreams remain dreams, Che Guevara is an idol, and Cuba is their beloved homeland.


Food and drink

Cuba's cuisine, like its culture, is a mix of Spanish, Creole and African cuisine. Cubans are unlikely to understand how the French can conjure a dish for 2 hours, and end up with a piece of fish on the plate, fancifully sprinkled with drops of sauce and decorated with blades of grass. Local principles: plenty, tasty, filling and a bottle of rum. By the way, in addition to pure rum, there are cocktails based on it, non-alcoholic lemonade with lime and cane sugar, and coffee.

Favorite side dish - rice. It is usually served with beans. When it comes to meat dishes, Cubans respect fried pork and tender chicken. Or even stew them with the addition of spices and fruits. I have the opinion that Cubans do not have such a clear division between vegetables and fruits as Russian housewives do. Apparently, from the abundance of both.

Therefore, in addition to the usual carrots and potatoes, bananas, pineapple and even mango can be used in roast meat.

Popular seafood: lobsters, shrimp. They are served boiled or grilled. When frying, use coconut or peanut oil. Although I didn’t feel any strong taste of coconut or nuts.

As you move from Havana to Havana, the dishes become more spicy and sometimes too spicy. If you are not a fan of spicy food, it is better to warn restaurants and cafes not to pepper it. They will still add a little pepper (“otherwise it won’t taste good”), but you will save your stomach from a serious fire.

Shopping

Shopping in Cuba can be a very rewarding and interesting experience, if you don’t buy all the trinkets you like. In the first days, I advise you to look around, compare prices, and go to rum and cigar tastings. Otherwise, you risk spending a lot more money than you could, and for absolutely the wrong things.

Vacation with children

Holidays with children in Cuba have their pros and cons. In my opinion there are more disadvantages. But it all depends on the patience of the parents and the ability to prepare in advance for such a vacation.

I'll start with the positives:

  • You do not need a visa to visit Cuba. You don’t need to collect a package of documents for yourself, and even for your child.
  • Most beaches have a comfortable, gentle entry into the sea - children can splash around in the shallow water to their heart's content.

  • Cuba has a diverse nature. Children will be interested in feeding a crocodile chicken at a crocodile farm, petting an ancient turtle, and watching iguanas and other animals.
  • Many resort hotels operate on an all-inclusive basis - you won’t have to worry about what to feed your child.
  • Large hotels have infrastructure for children: slides, water parks. Some even offer nanny services so that parents can devote a couple of hours to themselves. Here, children under 12 can be given a discount on accommodation or even stay for free. You can find a hotel in the TravelAsk section.

Now about the cons:

  • Long flight. The flight from Moscow takes 12 hours, and from other cities of the Russian Federation even longer. Not every adult can withstand such a flight, and it’s not worth talking about children.
  • Hot climate and scorching sun. It is very easy to get burned in Cuba - the child will have to be coated with a cream with a high degree of protection all the time.
  • Insect and animal bites. Found in Cuba sea ​​urchins and the injection for a child can be extremely painful and dangerous. A good-natured iguana can also bite - you will have to constantly restrain the child from the desire to touch everything.

  • Diseases. Young children often get sick, especially when they live in a different climate. I write below that insurance companies do not have established ties with Cuba. There is a possibility that you will have to pay for your child’s treatment yourself. The money will be returned later, but you will have to be nervous
  • No water parks, children's shows, etc. Unlike Greece and Spain, Cuba is still an adult resort. The child may get bored, and you will have to constantly come up with entertainment.
  • The spirit of Cuba cannot be understood by a child. How do you explain to him why Cuba is an island of freedom? All this revolutionary paraphernalia with Che Guevara will also be difficult for a child to perceive. A teenager may appreciate salsa and the atmosphere of Havana, but I’m afraid a kid will find all this of little interest.

Safety

In Cuba there are no special safety rules that differ from recommendations in another unfamiliar country. You should behave carefully towards strangers, do not show off very expensive jewelry, phones, cameras, and look carefully around when crossing the road. It's better not to play cards with strangers. Save your excitement until you return home to your friends. I will discuss the main types of fraud below.

There are no sharks in the ocean, as I was assured. I swam far enough and didn’t see any living creatures except colorful, harmless fish. But it’s better not to touch them either to avoid allergies.

By the way, I didn’t see lifeguards on the beaches. Either they are hiding from the eyes of tourists, or they are having a long siesta. If you are not very confident in your endurance, I recommend not to swim far.

7 things you must do in this country




  • Wear a Che T-shirt for a walk. You'll get a bunch of approving looks. Cubans still dream of their revolution and practically pray to Che Guevara.

Nearby countries

Cuba has problems with water communications, so it would seem that the only way to get to the close neighboring islands is by plane. The pleasure is not cheap.

You can try to arrange travel with private yacht. But you need to understand that no one will wait for you back. You will also have to look for a boat carrier on site.

Countries closest to Cuba:

  • is located on an island neighboring Cuba. Nature here is different from big island Cubes - cacti, mangroves. It's worth going here for beach holiday, Caribbean holidays and carnivals. A flight from Havana to Punta Cana (the main resort of the Dominican Republic) and back will cost $420.

  • Bahamas. The climate and nature here are reminiscent of Cuba. You'll find even more here elite resorts with picturesque beaches and all-inclusive hotels. Bahamas Air planes fly from Havana to Nasau (the capital of the Bahamas) several times a week. A round-trip ticket will cost about $400.