The Mariana Trench is the deepest place on our planet. I think almost everyone has heard about it or studied it at school, but I myself, for example, have long forgotten both its depth and the facts about how it was measured and studied. So I decided to “refresh” my and your memory

This absolute depth got its name thanks to the nearby Mariana Islands. The entire depression stretches along the islands for one and a half thousand kilometers and has a characteristic V-shaped profile. In fact, this is an ordinary tectonic fault, the place where the Pacific plate comes under the Philippine plate, just Mariana Trench- this is the deepest place of its kind) Its slopes are steep, on average about 7-9°, and the bottom is flat, 1 to 5 kilometers wide, and divided by rapids into several closed areas. Bottom pressure Mariana Trench reaches 108.6 MPa - this is more than 1100 times more than normal atmospheric pressure!

The first who dared to challenge the abyss were the British - the three-masted military corvette Challenger with sail equipment was rebuilt into an oceanographic vessel for hydrological, geological, chemical, biological and meteorological work back in 1872. But the first data on the depth of the Mariana Trench were obtained only in 1951 - according to measurements, the depth of the trench was declared equal to 10,863 m. After that, the deepest point of the Mariana Trench began to be called the “Challenger Deep”. It’s hard to imagine that the highest mountain of our planet, Everest, could easily fit in the depths of the Mariana Trench, and above it there would still be more than a kilometer of water left to the surface... Of course, it would fit not in area, but solely in height, but the numbers are still amazing...


The next researchers of the Mariana Trench were already Soviet scientists - in 1957, during the 25th voyage of the Soviet research vessel Vityaz, they not only declared the maximum depth of the trench equal to 11,022 meters, but also established the presence of life at depths of more than 7,000 meters , thereby refuting the prevailing idea at that time about the impossibility of life at depths of more than 6000-7000 meters. In 1992, “Vityaz” was transferred to the newly formed Museum of the World Ocean. The ship was repaired at the plant for two years, and on July 12, 1994, it was permanently moored at the museum pier in the very center of Kaliningrad

On January 23, 1960, the first and only human dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench took place. Thus, the only people who visited “the bottom of the Earth” were US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh and explorer Jacques Piccard

During the dive, they were protected by the armored, 127-millimeter-thick walls of the bathyscaphe called “Trieste.”


The bathyscaphe was named after the Italian city of Trieste, where the main work on its creation was carried out. According to the instruments on board the Trieste, Walsh and Picard dived to a depth of 11,521 meters, but later this figure was slightly adjusted - 10,918 meters



The dive took about five hours, and the ascent took about three hours; the researchers spent only 12 minutes at the bottom. But this time was enough for them to make a sensational discovery - at the bottom they found flat fish up to 30 cm in size, similar to flounder !

Research in 1995 showed that the depth of the Mariana Trench is about 10,920 m, and the Japanese Kaik? probe, lowered into the Challenger Deep on March 24, 1997, recorded a depth of 10,911.4 meters. Below is a diagram of the depression - when clicked, it will open in a new window in normal size

The Mariana Trench has repeatedly frightened researchers with the monsters lurking in its depths. For the first time, the expedition of the American research vessel Glomar Challenger encountered the unknown. Some time after the descent of the apparatus began, the device recording sounds began to transmit to the surface some kind of metallic grinding sound, reminiscent of the sound of sawing metal. At this time, some unclear shadows appeared on the monitor, similar to giant fairy-tale dragons with several heads and tails. An hour later, scientists became worried that the unique equipment, made in a NASA laboratory from beams of ultra-strong titanium-cobalt steel, having a spherical design, the so-called “hedgehog” with a diameter of about 9 m, could remain in the abyss of the Mariana Trench forever - so it was decided to immediately raise apparatus on board the ship. The “hedgehog” was extracted from the depths for more than eight hours, and as soon as it appeared on the surface, it was immediately placed on a special raft. The television camera and echo sounder were lifted onto the deck of the Glomar Challenger. The researchers were horrified when they saw how deformed the strongest steel beams of the structure were; as for the 20-centimeter steel cable on which the “hedgehog” was lowered, the scientists were not mistaken in the nature of the sounds transmitted from the watery abyss - the cable was half sawn through. Who tried to leave the device at depth and why will forever remain a mystery. Details of this incident were published in 1996 by the New York Times.


Another collision with the inexplicable in the depths of the Mariana Trench happened with the German research vehicle Haifish with a crew on board. At a depth of 7 km, the device suddenly stopped moving. To find out the cause of the problem, the hydronauts turned on the infrared camera... What they saw in the next few seconds seemed to them a collective hallucination: a huge prehistoric lizard, sinking its teeth into the bathyscaphe, tried to chew it like a nut. Having recovered from the shock, the crew activated a device called an “electric gun”, and the monster, struck by a powerful discharge, disappeared into the abyss...

On May 31, 2009, the automatic underwater vehicle Nereus sank to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. According to measurements, it fell 10,902 meters below sea level


At the bottom, Nereus filmed a video, took some photographs, and even collected sediment samples at the bottom.

Thanks to modern technologies, researchers were able to capture few representatives Mariana Trench, I suggest you get to know them too :)


So now we know that in Mariana depths different octopuses live


The Mariana Trench, or Mariana Trench, is an oceanic trench in the western Pacific Ocean, which is the deepest known on Earth geographical objects.
The depression stretches along Mariana Islands at 1500 km; it has a V-shaped profile, steep (7-9°) slopes, a flat bottom 1-5 km wide, which is divided by rapids into several closed depressions. At the bottom, the water pressure reaches 108.6 MPa, which is more than 1100 times the normal atmospheric pressure at the level of the World Ocean. The depression is located at the junction of two tectonic plates, in the zone of movement along faults, where the Pacific plate goes under the Philippine plate.



The device recording sounds began to transmit to the surface noises reminiscent of the grinding of saw teeth on metal. At the same time, unclear shadows appeared on the TV monitor, similar to giant fairy-tale dragons. These creatures had several heads and tails. An hour later, scientists on the American research vessel Glomar Challenger became worried that the unique equipment, made from beams of ultra-strong titanium-cobalt steel in a NASA laboratory, having a spherical structure, the so-called “hedgehog” with a diameter of about 9 m, could remain in the abyss forever. The decision was made to raise it immediately. It took more than eight hours for the “hedgehog” to be recovered from the depths. As soon as he appeared on the surface, he was immediately placed on a special raft. The television camera and echo sounder were lifted onto the deck of the Glomar Challenger. It turned out that the strongest steel beams of the structure were deformed, and the 20-centimeter steel cable on which it was lowered was half sawn through. Who tried to leave the “hedgehog” at depth and why is an absolute mystery. Details of this interesting experiment conducted by American oceanologists in the Mariana Trench were published in 1996 in the New York Times (USA).


This is not the only case of a collision with the inexplicable in the depths of the Mariana Trench. Something similar happened to the German research vehicle Haifish with a crew on board. Once at a depth of 7 km, the device suddenly refused to float. Finding out the cause of the problem, the hydronauts turned on the infrared camera. What they saw in the next few seconds seemed to them a collective hallucination: a huge prehistoric lizard, sinking its teeth into the bathyscaphe, tried to chew it like a nut. Having come to their senses, the crew activated a device called an “electric gun”. The monster, struck by a powerful discharge, disappeared into the abyss.


The inexplicable and incomprehensible have always attracted people, which is why scientists around the world want to answer the question: “What does the Mariana Trench hide in its depths?”


Can living organisms live at such great depths, and what should they look like, given the fact that they are pressed by huge masses of ocean waters, the pressure of which exceeds 1100 atmospheres? The challenges associated with exploring and understanding the creatures that live at these unimaginable depths are numerous, but human ingenuity knows no bounds. For a long time, oceanographers considered the hypothesis that life could exist at depths of more than 6,000 m in impenetrable darkness, under enormous pressure and at temperatures close to zero, to be crazy. However, the results of research by scientists in Pacific Ocean showed that in these depths, much below the 6000-meter mark, there are huge colonies of living organisms pogonophora (pogonophora; from the Greek pogon - beard and phoros - bearing), a type of marine invertebrate animals living in long chitinous, open on both sides ends of the tubes). Recently, the veil of secrecy has been lifted by manned and automatic underwater vehicles made of heavy-duty materials, equipped with video cameras. The result was the discovery of a rich animal community consisting of both familiar and less familiar marine groups.


Thus, at depths of 6000 - 11000 km, the following were discovered:
- barophilic bacteria (developing only at high pressure),
- from protozoa - foraminifera (an order of protozoa of the subclass of rhizomes with a cytoplasmic body covered with a shell) and xenophyophores (barophilic bacteria from protozoa);
- from multicellular organisms - polychaete worms, isopods, amphipods, sea cucumbers, bivalves and gastropods.


At the depths there is no sunlight, no algae, constant salinity, low temperatures, an abundance of carbon dioxide, enormous hydrostatic pressure (increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters). What do the inhabitants of the abyss eat?

The food sources of deep animals are bacteria, as well as the rain of “corpses” and organic detritus coming from above; deep animals are either blind, or with very developed eyes, often telescopic; many fish and cephalopods with photofluoride; in other forms the surface of the body or parts of it glow. Therefore, the appearance of these animals is as terrible and incredible as the conditions in which they live. Among them are frightening-looking worms 1.5 meters long, without a mouth or anus, mutant octopuses, unusual starfish and some soft-bodied creatures two meters long, which have not yet been identified at all.


So, man has never been able to resist the desire to explore the unknown, and the rapidly developing world of technological progress allows us to penetrate ever deeper into the secret world of the most inhospitable and rebellious environment in the world - the World Ocean. There will be enough items for research in the Mariana Trench for many years to come, given that the most inaccessible and mysterious point of our planet, unlike Everest (altitude 8848 m above sea level), was conquered only once. So, on January 23, 1960, US Navy officer Don Walsh and Swiss explorer Jacques Piccard, protected by the armored, 12-centimeter thick walls of the bathyscaphe called Trieste, managed to descend to a depth of 10,915 meters.

Despite the fact that scientists have made a huge step in researching the Mariana Trench, the questions have not decreased, and new mysteries have appeared that have yet to be solved. And the ocean abyss knows how to keep its secrets. Will people be able to reveal them in the near future?








From time immemorial, the oceanic abyss has attracted the close attention of man, but only relatively recently was he able to satisfy his curiosity by plunging to the bottom of the World Ocean. The Mariana Trench, often referred to as the Mariana Trench, is by far the deepest point on the planet.

Mariana Trench

1. Where is it located?

This object has the following geographical coordinates: 11°21′ north latitude and 142°12′ east longitude. It got its name thanks to the nearby archipelago of the Mariana Islands (under the jurisdiction of the United States). The deepest depression on the planet stretches along the islands for more than 1,500 km.

2. What does it look like?

Visually it looks like a V-shaped profile with fairly steep slopes - within 7-9°. The flat bottom of the depression, the width of which is within 1-5 km, is divided by separate ridges into separate zones.

3. What is the pressure at the bottom of the depression?

It should be noted that at the bottom the water pressure is more than 108.6 MPa - this is almost 1100 times the normal atmospheric pressure at the surface.

The Mariana Trench is located between two tectonic plates, exactly at the point where the Pacific Plate gradually bends under the Philippine Plate.


4. Fourth pole

Due to the lack of necessary technical means, for a long time it was inaccessible to human penetration. In this regard, she received the nickname “fourth pole”. In fairness, we note that the geographic poles are the North and South, and the geomorphological poles are Everest (Qomolungma) and the Mariana Trench.

Despite the fact that the North and South Poles, together with them, were successfully conquered by man, this particular place was inaccessible for a long time.

5. Measuring depth in 1951

1951 - The British research vessel Challenger obtained the first depth data. According to his measurements, it was a record 10,863 meters.

6. Measuring depth in 1957

1957 - the Soviet research vessel Vityaz, during its 25th anniversary voyage, established the true depth of the Mariana Trench. Initial data showed a figure of 11,034 meters, the final figure was taken to be a depth of 11,022 meters.

7. How was the depth of the Mariana Trench measured?

Such a large difference in depth is explained by the presence of certain difficulties in measurement.

It is well known that the speed of sound propagation in water directly depends on its properties and depth. In this regard, acoustic properties at different depths are measured simultaneously by several special technical devices, namely a barometer and a thermometer.

Based on the readings of these instruments, corrections were made by Soviet scientists to the final value determined by the echo sounder.

8. Which is higher/deeper, Everest or the Mariana Trench?

According to scientific research in 1995, the depth was 10,920 meters. In 2009, this figure increased to 10,971 meters.

In view of this, the deepest point of this natural formation, which in the international scientific community is called Challenger Deep, is located much further from the surface of the World Ocean than Mount Everest rises above it.

9. First dive to the bottom

On January 23, 1960, US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh, together with research scientist Jacques Piccard, carried out the first dive in human history.

Especially for these purposes they used the Trieste bathyscaphe, which was developed by the Swiss scientist Auguste Picard. The previous model of the world's first deep-sea bathyscaphe FNRS-2 was used as the basis for this device.

10. Where did the name of the bathyscaphe come from?

Being the son of Auguste, Jacques Piccard provided significant assistance to his father-designer.

The main work on the creation of a deep-sea bathyscaphe was carried out in Italian city on the shore Adriatic Sea- in the city of Trieste. Hence the name of the device.

11. First dive "Trieste"

The first dive of Trieste was successful in August 1953. Until the onset of 1957, the bathyscaphe repeatedly dived in the Mediterranean Sea.

Jacques Picard, together with his father, who was 69 years old at that moment, was the pilot of the device.

During one of the next dives, a record depth of 3150 meters was reached at that time.

12. What did the Trieste bathyscaphe look like?

Just like all subsequent models, the Tryste bathyscaphe was visually a hermetically sealed special steel gondola, shaped like a sphere for the crew of the vehicle. The bathyscaphe was attached to a large float filled with gasoline to ensure the proper level of buoyancy.

At that time, Trieste was distinguished by its revolutionary solution to a pressing problem in the event of side sway.

Having begun its dive at 16:22 Central European time, the bathyscaphe began to gradually plunge into the oceanic abyss - all this time the daredevils observed a myriad of brightly glowing deep-sea fish.

13. Temperature at the bottom of the Mariana Trench

Jacques Piccard and John Walsh reached the deepest point in the world's oceans after 30 minutes - while other sources claim it took them more than 12 minutes. Explorers of the ocean abyss were very cold - at the bottom the water temperature was a little more than 2° Celsius.

14. What depth did Picard and Walsh record?

Special instruments of the Trieste bathyscaphe recorded the depth of the fearless exploration - 11,521 meters (according to, again, other data, the depth was 11,022 meters). The corrected figure was considered to be 10918 meters.

15. Dive and ascent time

The entire procedure for submerging the bathyscaphe took more than 5 hours; it returned to the surface after 3 hours.

16. Life on the bottom

Scientists were sincerely surprised to discover highly organized life at such oceanic depths, where eternal darkness reigns. Through the portholes, Picard and Walsh had the opportunity to observe flat fish hitherto unknown to science, which visually somewhat resembled a flounder and reached almost 30 cm in length.

17. Another important task

Along with the conquest of the deepest point of the World Ocean, scientists completed another important task - they had a direct influence on the decision of the leading world powers to abandon their intentions to bury radioactive waste at the bottom.

Jacques Picard scientifically proved that at a depth of over 6000 meters there is no movement of ocean waters - otherwise, the fate of the world would be categorically different...

18. Japanese probe "Kaiko"

On March 24, 1997, the Japanese deep-sea probe Kaiko sank to the bottom of the Mariana Trench and recorded a depth of 10,911.4 meters.

19. Deep-sea vehicle Nereus

May 31, 2009 - the remotely operated deep-sea vehicle Nereus reached the lowest point of the Mariana Trench. They recorded a depth of 10,902 meters. The bathyscaphe shot a video and took several photographs of the world floor. Experimental samples of silt deposits at the bottom of this natural formation were also taken.

20. How Nereus was controlled

In total, Nereus spent more than 10 hours at the bottom. By analogy with a helicopter, it hovered every now and then in the water column, controlled by pilots on board a research vessel.

The control was carried out through a special fiberglass cable, whose thickness did not exceed the thickness of a human hair. The cable was protected by a special plastic casing. Thus, the ship’s crew online had the opportunity to see everything that was happening at the bottom. Nereus brought soil samples to the surface.

21. Dive on the Deepsea Challenger bathyscaphe

James Cameron made a solo dive on March 26, 2012 and became the third person in history to reach the bottom of the deepest point on the planet and stay there for about two hours. During this time, video and photography were taken, and samples were taken from the very bottom. The dive took place on the single-seat bathyscaphe Deepsea Challenger, below you can see photos.

The Mariana Trench is the deepest point in the World Ocean. Its depth is further from the level of the World Ocean than the top of Everest, the tallest mountain on earth. The world's oceans are only 5% studied, which means that we still have a long way to go to understand it.

Not far from Japan, in the depths of the sea, the deepest depression in the world's oceans is hidden - the Mariana Trench. Its name is this geographical feature received thanks to the islands of the same name located nearby. Scientists call this phenomenon the “Fourth Pole,” along with the South, North and high point planet - Mount Everest.

Geolocation

The coordinates of the Mariana Trench are 11°22` north latitude and 142°35` east longitude. The trench surrounds the coastal islands for a length of more than 2.5 thousand km, and a width of about 69 km. In its shape, it resembles the English letter V, widened at the top and narrowed at the bottom. This formation resulted from the influence of tectonic plate boundaries. Maximum depth of the world ocean in this place is 10994 (plus or minus 40 m).

Rice. 1. Mariana Trench on the map

Compared to Everest, the largest depression is further from the Earth's surface than the largest high peak. The mountain is 8848 m long, and climbing it was much easier than overcoming the incredible pressure of plunging into the abyss of the sea.

The deepest point of the Mariana Trench is the Challenger Deep point, which in English means “Challenger Deep”. It was first explored by a British ship of the same name. They recorded a depth of 11521m.

First studies

The most deep point The world's oceans were conquered only in 1960 by two daredevils: Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard. They dived on the bathyscaphe Trieste and became the first people in the world to dive first to a depth of 3,000 meters, and then to 10,000 meters. The bottom mark was recorded 30 minutes after the dive. In total, they spent about 3 hours at depth and froze significantly. Indeed, in addition to the enormous pressure, there is also a low water temperature - about 2 degrees Celsius.

Rice. 2. Mariana Trench in section

In 2012, the famous director James Cammeron (“Titanic”) conquered the deepest cavity, becoming the third person on Earth to descend so far. This was the most important expedition, during which unique photographic and video materials were obtained, as well as bottom samples were taken. Contrary to popular belief, at the bottom there is not sand, but mucus - a product of processing the remains of fish bones and plankton.

Flora and fauna

The underwater world of the largest crack has been studied very poorly. It was first discovered that life in this part of the Earth was possible in 1950. Then Soviet scientists suggested that some simple creatures were able to adapt to chitinous pipes. The new family was named pogonophorans.

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At the very bottom live various bacteria and single-celled organisms. For example, the amoeba here grows with a diameter of 20 cm.

The largest number of inhabitants is in the thickness of the trench at a depth of 500 to 6500 meters. Many of the fish species that live in the gutter are blind, others have special luminous organs for illumination in the dark. The pressure and lack of sun made their bodies flat and their skin transparent. Many have eyes on their backs and look like small telescopes rotating in all directions.

Rice. 3. Inhabitants of the Mariana Trench

In addition to the fact that there is no sun and heat, various toxic gases are released from the bottom of the Mariana Trench. Hydrothermal geysers are sources of hydrogen sulfide. It became the basis for the development of Mariana mollusks, despite the fact that this gas is detrimental to this species sea ​​creatures. How these protozoa managed to survive, and even preserve their shells under enormous pressure, remains a mystery.

There is another unique area at depth. This is the Champagne spring, where liquid carbon dioxide comes from.

What have we learned?

We learned which part of the Earth is the deepest. This is the Mariana Trench. The deepest point is the Challenger Deep (11,521 m). The first expedition to the bottom was completed successfully in 1960. In conditions of pitch darkness, pressure and constant toxic fumes, a special world with its own unique animals and simple organisms was formed here. It’s very difficult to say what the world of the Mariana Trench really is, because it’s only 5% studied.

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The relief of the earth's surface is very diverse. From space it looks like a smooth ball, but in fact on its surface there are both the highest mountains and the deepest depressions. Where is the deepest place on Earth? ocean or land?

In contact with

The world ocean is a huge expanse of water, occupying more than 71% of the Earth's surface. It includes all the seas and our planet. Relief of the ocean floor complex and varied, its waters are the habitat of millions of living organisms.

Most deep ocean in the world - Quiet. The map shows that it occupies a huge area and borders Asia, North and South America, Australia, Antarctica. More than 49.5% of the Earth's total water space contains the Pacific Ocean itself. Its bottom is a mixture of relict relief with transgressive plains. Most of the ocean floor elevations are tectonic in origin. There are hundreds of natural underwater canyons and combs. The deepest depression in the world is located in the Pacific Ocean - Mariana Trench.

Mariana Trench

The Mariana Trench (or Mariana Trench) is a deep ocean trench considered the deepest of all known on Earth. It received its name in honor of the Mariana Islands, next to which it is located. This is the deepest and mysterious place in the Pacific Ocean.

Scientists have been studying the Mariana Trench since the late 19th century. This is the deepest trench recorded by researchers.

At that time they did not have good equipment at their disposal, so the data that was received did not correspond to reality. In 1875, a deep-sea lot established the depth. This lowest point on earth.

During the same period, the deepest place on Earth began to be called the “Challenger Deep” after the British ship on which the explorers sailed. Secondarily the Mariana Trench was measured in 1951.

In the middle of the last century, scientists managed to study the depression more and established its depth at 10,863 m. Subsequently, the Challenger Deep was visited by many research vessels. The most accurate results were obtained in 1957. Then the depth of the depression was 11,023 m.

Important! The Mariana Trench is now 10,994 m below sea level, the deepest place in the ocean known to date.

Inhabitants of the ocean floor

Even now, the bottom of the Pacific Ocean has not been fully studied, because it is the deepest ocean in the world. Many places in the Mariana Trench remain unexplored because at such great depths pressure too high. But, despite all the difficulties, people managed to descend to the depths of the depression. The first dive into the deepest trench happened in 1960. Scientist Jacques Piccard and US Navy serviceman Don Walsh descended to a record depth of 10,918 m. During the dive, people were inside the submersible. Scientists said that they saw flat 30-centimeter fish on the ocean floor that looked like flounder.

During further research, other living organisms were discovered:

  1. In 1995, Japanese researchers discovered foraminifera - living organisms living at a depth of 10,911 m.
  2. During a number of dives by American scientists, fish of the opisthoproctaceae family were found, football fish and frilled shark.
  3. In the course of numerous studies, the bottom of the Mariana Trench was studied by special probes, which photographed monkfish, sea devil and other terrifying fish at a depth of 6000–8000 m.

There are legends that there are huge 25-meter sharks in the Mariana Trench. Scientists even found trophies - bones, shark teeth and other fossils. But this does not in any way indicate that sharks still live there now. Perhaps they were here long ago.

The deepest places in the world's oceans

Each of the four oceans has its own deep place. The lowest point is in the Pacific Ocean, but what about other trenches and depressions?

Puerto Rico Trench

The Puerto Rico oceanic trench is located at the junction Caribbean Sea And Atlantic Ocean. The absolute depth of the trench reaches 8385 m. Due to the structure of the relief, this area is often subject to tremors and high volcanic activity. Nearby islands suffer from constant tsunamis and earthquakes.

Java Basin

The Java Trench (or Sunda Trench) is the deepest place Indian Ocean. The gutter stretches by 4–5 thousand kilometers, and the lowest point reaches 7729 m. The depression received its name because of its proximity to the island of Java. The bottom of the trench is an alternation of plains and canyons with ridges and ledges.

Greenland Sea

The part of the Arctic Ocean that is located on Crossing Iceland with Greenland and the island of Jan Mayen is called the Greenland Sea.

Sea area – 1.2 million square meters. km. Average depth The water area is 1444 m, and the deepest point is 5527 m below sea level. Most of the seabed topography is a huge basin with underwater ridges.

This the deepest trench in Europe. There are many commercial fish here, which are caught by fishermen from nearby islands.

Inland depressions of Russia

Deep depressions are located not only in the waters of the world's oceans. A striking example of this is the Baikal Rift, located in. The lake itself is considered the deepest on Earth, so it is not surprising that the lowest inland place is located here. Lake Baikal is surrounded by mountains, so the height differences between the ocean level and the rift exceeds 3615 m.

Important! The depression reaches 1637 m in depth and is the greatest depth of Lake Baikal.

Depression of Lake Ladoga. Ladoga lake located in the Republic of Karelia. It is considered the largest freshwater lake in Europe. The average depth of the lake ranges from 70-220 m, but it reaches its absolute maximum in one place - 223 m below sea level.


Caspian Sea. Caspian lake located on the border of Europe and Asia. It is the largest enclosed body of water on earth, which is why it is often called the Caspian Sea.

On the Russian side, the reservoir borders on the Volga and Volga islands, but most of the Caspian Sea is located on the territory of Kazakhstan. Maximum depth lake is 1025 m below sea level.

Khantayskoye Lake. Occupies third place among the deepest places in Russia. The maximum depth here reaches 420 m. The reservoir is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. There is not a lot of data about this place, but it is enough to include Lake Khantaiskoe among the deepest places in Russia.

Inland depressions

Our Earth is rich in relief. You can see a lot high mountains, thousands of endless plains and hundreds of depressions. Below is a list of the deepest places recorded around the world:

  • The Jordan Rift Valley (Ghor) is located at the intersection of Syria, Jordan and Israel. The deepest place is 804 m.
  • The depression of Lake Tanganyika is located in Central Africa and is longest freshwater lake in the world. The deepest place is 696 m.
  • The Great Slave Lake Depression is located in Canada. The lowest point is 614 m. This is the deepest trench in North America.
  • The Great Bear Lake Depression is also located in Canada and is rich uranium deposit. The deepest place is 288 m.

Science's perspective on the deepest places

Diving to the bottom of the Earth with Cameron

Conclusion

In fact, there are dozens of deep places in the world. Many of them can be found at the bottom of reservoirs, others in the Earth itself. This topic is quite interesting, and scientists are studying such places. Now you know where the deepest place on Earth is, in which ocean the deepest depression is located and what interesting places the world are studied by specialists.