The second Greek colony on the island after Naxos (founded in 734-733 BC by immigrants from Corinth).

It is believed that the name of the city (in the Russian tradition it is customary to pronounce it in the plural - Syracuse, although it is more correct - Syracuse) is etymologically connected with the word “swamp” in the language of one of the local tribes, and indeed, the local lands were a continuous swamp and seemed to be would be completely unsuitable for creating a new city. However, the place was indicated by the Delphic Oracle, and the stubborn colonists began to plant cypresses - evergreen trees are better than other plants at draining and strengthening unstable soils.

Practical information:

  • Free Wi-Fi in Syracuse- in some places there are points of connection to the Internet from the city and for free - Ortigia (Marina, Foro Italico).

Syracuse weather:

Getting around Syracuse

Old Syracuse occupy Ortygia Island (Ortigia), the main attractions of the city are concentrated here, and on the territory New city, which the Greeks already called Neapolis, the Archaeological Park, which is located 2 km from Ortigia, deserves attention.

From railway station should go through via F. Crispi to p. Marconi, if you then continue moving in the same direction along corso Umberto, then it will lead directly to the bridge to the island of Ortigia. The entire route is about 1 km. If you want to visit the Archaeological Park first, then from piazza Marconi you need to turn left and go first along via Catania, then by corso Gelone(Corso Gelone) and viale Paolo Orsi(viale Paolo Orsi).

Most excursion and intercity buses stops in the area piazza della Posta on the island of Ortigia.

History of Syracuse

The oldest part of the city of Syracuse was located on the island of Ortigia, but the city grew quickly and soon became the largest locality. During the heyday of Syracuse, it consisted of five quarters; the ruins of ancient buildings (Greek theater, Roman amphitheater, altar of Zeus Eleuterio, tomb of Archimedes and quarries) were preserved in large quantities in the Neopolis quarter.

By the 5th century BC. Syracuse has become the most Big city in Sicily and one of the most influential cities in the entire Mediterranean. Of the rulers of the city, the most famous is the tyrant Dionysius I, who reigned in Syracuse for almost 40 years (405-367 BC) and became famous for his pathological suspicion and bestial cruelty. They say that he ordered the barber to be crucified when he saw a straight razor in his hands - after all, it could be used to stab a tyrant.

In 287-212 BC. e. The great mathematician, physicist and mechanic Archimedes lived and worked in Syracuse. In 212, during the war with the Romans and the months-long siege of Syracuse, the 75-year-old scientist was in charge of the technical side of the defense and is said to have put into practice some of the machines he invented.

Subsequently, Syracuse lost its former significance, and when the Arabs moved the capital of the island to Palermo (878), it finally turned into a provincial backwater.

Attractions of Syracuse

In the oldest part of the city, on Ortygia island, few ancient monuments have survived. You can visit them in about half a day using one route:

Tourist route in Syracuse:

1. Temple of Apollo

Not far from the bridge connecting the island with the mainland of Syracuse, stands the oldest Doric in SicilyTemple of Apollo (Tempio di Apollo, piazza Pancali, VI century BC). For many centuries, residents of the city did not even suspect its existence, until in 1938-1943 archaeologists brought to light the remains of a unique structure. From the monumental structure measuring 58.1 x 24.5 m, only ruins and several columns from the southern and eastern sides have survived.

2. Piazza Archimede

Continuing along corso Matteotti (Corso Matteotti), we go to piazza Archimede (Piazza Arquimede), located in the very center of the island of Ortigia, at the intersection via della Maestranza (via Maestranza) and v. Roma (via Roma). The ancient agora, a square surrounded by beautiful buildings along the perimeter, has always played the role of a “city salon”. Main decoration - Artemis fountain(fontana di Artemide).

Having walked along via Roma, let's turn right onto via Minerva (via Minerva) and go to piazza del Duomo (Piazza del Duomo) is the oldest religious square in the city. All the inhabitants of Syracuse built their altars and temples on this site, even before the arrival of Greek colonists.

3. Syracuse Cathedral

In the 6th century BC. A Greek Ionic temple (one of the oldest buildings of this order) appeared on Piazza del Duomo; already in the next century it was replaced by an even more magnificent sanctuary dedicated to Athena. 38 Doric columns, 9 m high and 2 m in circumference each, surrounded the temple, the gates were made of gold and ivory, and on the pediment of the building there was a golden shield of Athena, which served as a guide for sailors.

In the 7th century AD. e. the spaces between the columns of the peripter were filled up, and the temple itself was converted into a Christian basilica. A little later the basilica became Cathedral ( Duomo). The building was badly damaged during the earthquake (1693), but already in the next century it was restored, adding several new chapels and decorating it with a beautiful façade in the Baroque style. The cathedral houses relics associated with St. Lucia: a huge statue depicting the Syracuse martyr (height 4 m, weight almost 1 ton), and several bones of her foot. The remaining relics of the saint are kept in.

  • Cathedral
  • Piazza del Duomo
  • daily 08.00–12.00, 16.00–19.00

4. Arethusa Fountain

From piazza del Duomo by via Picherali (via Pickerali) let's get to piazza San Rocco (Piazza San Rocco) and go down to Arethusa fountain (fontana Aretusa) - a natural body of water located just a few meters from the sea, formed by the confluence of two small rivers. Ducks swim and papyrus grows in this small pool. Once upon a time, this exotic grass covered a significant part. Now it is grown only on special plantations near Syracuse; there is also a special research center where papyrus is processed using ancient technologies. The best local souvenirs - papyrus products.

Arethusa was the name of one of the nymphs-companions of the goddess Artemis. One day, a beautiful nymph bathed after hunting in the waters of the Alpheus River. The river god immediately fell in love with Aretuza and, taking human form, rushed after her. To save Arethusa from Alpheus, Artemis turned her into an underground river. However, Alpheus, in turn, also turned to the gods with a request to allow him to unite with his beloved. The celestials helped the impressionable lover and returned him old appearance. Since then, the waters of the two rivers meet on the island of Ortigia - just in the place called the Arethusa fountain.

5. Castle Maniace

If you go from the fountain along the embankment in a southerly direction, you can get to Castello Maniace, built in 1239 by order of Frederick II. This building - a typical example of a medieval palace-fortress - has well preserved its original appearance.

The most attractive place for tourists in Syracuse remains Archaeological Park of Neapolis(Parco Archeologico della Napolis).

  • Viale Paradisa
  • Tue - Sun 9:00 - 13:00.
  • Entrance: € 4.00, 18 - 25 years old - € 2.00, under 18 years old and over 65 years old - free.

6. Roman amphitheater

This grandiose open-air complex houses objects dating back to the Greco-Roman period of Syracuse. To the left of the entrance alley is the Roman Amphitheater ( Anfiteatro Romano, III-IV centuries). Its size is only slightly inferior to the famous arena in.

7. Altar of Hiero II

Further along the road there is a huge altar of Hiero II(Ara di Gerone II), built in the 3rd century BC. By order of this tyrant. The altar is a huge structure 198 m long; very large-scale sacrifices were made here, for example, 450 rams could be slaughtered at the same time.

8. Greek theater

Next to the altar you can see the famous Greek theater (Teatro Greco), completely carved into the rock. It began to be built in the 5th century BC. under the tyrant Gelon, and ended in the 3rd century BC. under Hiero II, the last tyrant of Syracuse. It was probably the largest stage area of ​​the ancient world, the diameter of the structure is 138.6 m, the capacity is 16,000-18,000 spectators.

The spectator area is divided into 11 sectors (diazom), and the names of the families to which they belonged are carved on the benches. The Romans, who captured Syracuse, rebuilt the theater, and then it completely disappeared from the face of the earth. When Emperor Charles V visited Syracuse in the 16th century and wanted to see the famous theater, they could not find it.

9. Syracuse Quarry

Approximately in the place where the upper rows of spectators of the Greek Theater ended, the territory begins quarryer. Once upon a time they were actually mined construction material, but then began to be used as prison cells.

The largest of the artificial caves - "Paradise"(Latomia del Paradiso), its depth reaches 45 m. Here you can also see Kanatchikov Cave, Saltpeter Cave, Italiatella Quarry, St. Venus Quarry, however, any tourist who looks into the Archaeological Park, first of all, necessarily rushes to cave “Ear of Dionysius”» (Orecchio di Dionisio).

10. Grotticelli Necropolis

During a tour of the archaeological zone, with a visit to Necropolis Grotticelli (necropoli grotticelle), they will definitely show tourists tomb of Archimedes. In fact, no one knows exactly where the great scientist is buried; in any case, this is the place mentioned by Cicero, who visited Syracuse many years after the death of Archimedes.

11. Church of Santa Lucia

Church of Santa Lucia (Chiesa di Santa Lucia) on p. del Duomo dedicated to the main patroness of the city of Syracuse. It is believed that the saint helps with eye diseases. The church was restored in Baroque style after the earthquake in 1693

12. Sanctuary of the Madonna delle Lacrime

Sanctuary ( Santuario Madonna delle Lacrime, Madonna of Tears) was built in 1990 specifically for the icon of the “Weeping Madonna”. According to legend, once on the face of the Mother of God, which was kept in the house of an ordinary resident of Syracuse, a liquid appeared, the chemical composition of which coincided with ordinary human tears. The icon was recognized as miraculous. At first they built a small chapel for her, but then they decided to build a whole temple, since the number of pilgrims to the wonderful icon is constantly growing. The tented silhouette of the modern church stands out well in the general panorama of the city.

  • Sanctuary of the Madonna delle Lacrime
  • Via Santuario, 3

Catacombs of San Giovanni

In Syracuse there are 3 groups of catacombs: Santa Lucia (2nd century), Catacombs of Vigna Cassia and the Baby Jesus (3rd century), as well as the catacombs of St. Joanna (San Giovanni).

Built in the 4th century (after the election of Constantine), the catacombs follow the route of a former Greek aqueduct. They were somewhat expanded in the 5th century. In terms of plan, the catacombs practically reproduce the so-called castrum (a typical ancient Roman military camp). You can select central gallery(decumanus maximus), from which ten secondary passages (cardines) emerge: five to the north and five to the south. Four "cardines" converge on four "round" (former water tanks): the northern one is named after Antiochus, and the three in the south are Marina, Adelphia and Sarcophagus.

The walls of these galleries were used to create niches where the dead were buried. From Round Marina through a short tunnel you will reach the large Adelphia Circle. Here in 1872 a valuable marble sarcophagus made by ancient Roman artisans was found: 62 carved biblical characters from the Old and New Testaments, and in the center a body with two busts (husband and wife). The sarcophagus is now kept in the Paolo Orsi Museum in Syracuse.

Over the centuries, the catacombs suffered from looting and desecration by various invaders: the Vandals in 440, the Goths in 549, and the Saracens in the 11th century.

The catacombs were completely abandoned at the end of the 6th century. The dungeon of Syracuse, virtually unknown until the 16th century, aroused interest only at the beginning of the 17th century. But it was only at the end of the last century that scientific archaeological excavations began.

  • Opening hours: Tue - Sun: 9:30 - 12:30 and 14:30 - 17:30
  • Admission (including guided tour): € 6.00, under 16 and over 65 € 4.00, pilgrims € 3.00, schoolchildren € 2.00.
  • Address: Via San Giovanni alle Catacombe, 1 - 96100 Siracusa
  • GPS: N 37.076682 - E 15.284895

Archaeological Museum of Paolo Orsi

Archaeological Museum ( Museo Archeologico Paolo Orsi) is based near the Archaeological Park on the territory Landolina villas (Villa Landolina). It houses the most complete (and remarkably organized) collection of archaeological finds in Sicily.

  • Archaeological Museum of Paolo Orsi
  • Viale Teocrito
  • Tue, Thu, Sun 09.00–13.00,
  • Wed, Fri, Sat 9.00–13.00, 15.30–19.30,
  • Mon 15.30–19.00

14. Papyrus Museum

At the Papyrus Museum ( Museo del Papiro) a unique collection of exhibits made from this plant is presented. Papyrus processing began in Syracuse in the 18th century.

  • Papyrus Museum
  • Viale Teocrito, 66

15. Museum of Medieval and Modern Art

Museum exposition ( Museo Regionale d'Arte Medioevale e Moderna) housed in a 13th century palace - Palazzo Bellomo. There is a wonderful collection of paintings and sculptures from the Middle Ages to the present day.

  • Museum of Medieval and Modern Art
  • Palazzo Bellomo
  • Via Capodieci, 14
  • Tue - Sat 9:00 - 19:00, Sun 9:00 - 13:00, Mon - closed
  • Entrance: € 8.00 - reduced € 4.00

Festivals in Syracuse

From May to June in Syracuse there is a traditional classical Greek drama festival(held since 1914). Previously, these events were held in even years, but since 2000 they have been held annually. Performances take place on the stage of the Greek Theater in the Archaeological Park. Ticket prices range from approximately 13 to 31.00 €, depending on the distance from the stage. Order tickets by phone. 09 31 6 74 15, 800 90 70 80.

Map of the Ortigia district in the city of Syracuse:

Sicily in the minds of many people is something primordially Italian, and is associated with Italy almost more than Rome itself. However, in the pre-Christian era, the island was a Greek colony with a Phoenician “admixture”. In fact, it was the Corinthians who founded Syracuse, which quickly became the most significant Hellenic colony in eastern Sicily. Even Cicero described Syracuse as the largest and most beautiful city Ancient Greece. But in 241 BC. e. Sicily could not resist the expansion of the powerful Roman Empire. From this moment the “Italian” history of Syracuse began, and the picturesque remains of both great cultures – Roman and Greek – have survived to this day.

How to get to Syracuse

Closest to the city of Syracuse, where many European air carriers fly. In the summer, there are direct flights to Catania from Moscow, St. Petersburg and other Russian cities. You can select a suitable flight option in the form below.

The distance from the airport to the city can be covered in 45-60 minutes. There are several options here:

  • take the bus. Buses from InterBus and AST operate in this direction. Buses run once an hour; the journey will take just over an hour. The cost of one-way tickets is 6.2 euros, return tickets are 9.6.
  • order a transfer. It is very convenient to order a transfer to Syracuse at the appointed time of arrival. This can be done through the KiwiTaxi service. At the appointed hour, the driver of the car will be waiting for you with a sign at the exit from the airport arrival terminal.
  • rent a car at the airport. Of course, rental companies can also be found upon arrival at the airport, however, if you plan to visit Sicily during the season, it is better to book a car in advance. The world-famous booking service – Rentalcars – will help you make your choice. To reach the city from the airport, take the E45.

You can also get to Syracuse from other cities in Sicily and some cities in continental Italy by train. Direct flights can be found from Catania, Messina, and even. You can find out the train schedule and fares on the Italian website railways Trenitalia.

Hotels in Syracuse

Syracuse is not only historical, but also seaside resort town, so the choice of hotels here is quite large. But it is worth remembering that in the summer, Syracuse is quite popular destination holiday, so it is better to book a hotel in advance.

Among the most popular hotels are:

However, you can always choose your own option that suits the price and location using the link below.

Sights of the city of Syracuse

Archimedes was here...

Syracuse is good for everyone, and about the most bright places we will talk further, but the first thing I want to emphasize is that it was here, in Syracuse in Sicily, that the great Archimedes himself was born, lived, worked and invented. Unfortunately, no artifacts directly related to the great scientist have survived to this day. All we have is ourselves hometown Archimedes - Syracuse.

Many tourists fall for the myth about the “tomb of Archimedes,” which is supposedly located on the territory of the current Archaeological Park. In fact, nothing is really known about the real burial place of Archimedes. Therefore, let us consider the entire city of Syracuse as one huge monument to the great Man.

Archimedes Square

Historical proximity to such an epochal figure as Archimedes is commonplace for Sicilians, but the residents of Syracuse still paid tribute to him by naming a picturesque square in honor of Archimedes. Its center is decorated with a fountain with a sculptural group by Giulio Moschetti. The main character of the composition is Artemis the hunter.

Archimedes Square is decorated with an elegant fountain with a sculpture of the goddess Artemis

Greek amphitheater

You can go back in time 25 centuries by visiting an ancient historic district Syracuse - Neapolis. The most significant exhibit of this unique architectural museum is the picturesque ruins of the Greek Theater.

The Greek amphitheater in Syracuse is about 2,500 thousand years old, and it continues to fulfill its direct function

The object is so ancient that its first reconstructions were carried out in the era of Carthage, and then the Roman Empire. The huge amphitheater, which at one time attracted up to 15 thousand spectators during a variety of events, has survived well to this day. Since the beginning of the last century, the National Institute of Ancient Drama has held festivals of Greek art here every year.

Roman amphitheater

From Ancient Greece we move to the era of the Roman Empire, and we immediately “stumble upon” another majestic landmark of Syracuse - the Roman Amphitheater. At one time, the structure served the same purpose as its Greek counterpart - to entertain the public. Only the entertainment in this case was of a bloody nature characteristic of Ancient Rome - gladiator fights were mainly held here.

The Roman amphitheater is worse preserved than the Greek one

Amphitheater built in the 1st century. BC e. was buried underground for many centuries until it was discovered and dug up by archaeologists in the 19th century. The scale of the structure is by no means provincial - it is the third largest Roman amphitheater after and.

Temple of Apollo

Another important archaeological find discovered on the island of Ortygia in Syracuse in Sicily in the middle of the last century is the ruins of the Temple of Apollo. According to some estimates, the temple was built in the 3rd century. BC. His remains were discovered and revealed to the world by a group of archaeologists led by Paolo Orsi.

The Temple of Apollo dates back to the 3rd century. BC.

The temple changed its religious purpose several times as Sicily came under the rule of Byzantine Christians, Muslims and even Normans. The picturesque ruins look very impressive and contrast against the background of modern buildings.

Catacombs of St. John

The greatest monument to the Christian pages of the history of Syracuse is the catacombs of St. John. The object dates back to the 4th century. AD The outstanding archaeologist mentioned above, Paolo Orsi, devoted ten whole years of his life to meticulous exploration of the dungeons. In early Christian times, the catacombs served as a burial place for influential residents of the city. The most noticeable and interesting object- sarcophagus of Marcian, first bishop of Syracuse.

In the catacombs of San Giovanni, city residents escaped the bombings of World War II

It is noteworthy that the catacombs of St. John repeatedly saved the lives of many Syracusans already in the twentieth century. It was here that terrified townspeople repeatedly took refuge from bombing during the Second World War.

Cathedral

If you're in Syracuse, you can't miss it Cathedral. The first religious building that was built on this site back in the 5th century. BC. by order of the tyrant Gelon, it was dedicated to Athena as a sign of victory over Carthage. Since then, the building has been rebuilt many times on the initiative of successive conquerors - first the Byzantines, then the Normans.

The city's cathedral is a striking example of Sicilian Baroque

The temple was badly damaged by the earthquake of 1693, and was actually rebuilt, but in the Sicilian Baroque style. True, the architects managed to very harmoniously fit antique columns, preserved from the times of Ancient Greece, into the new ensemble. Some elements ancient architecture were carefully transferred to the Paolo Orsi Museum of Archeology. This museum, by the way, deserves special words.

Regional Museum of Archeology Paolo Orsi

If you want to get a clear idea of ​​the cultural characteristics of the civilizations that dominated at different times in Syracuse and Sicily in general, you should definitely visit the Paolo Orsi Museum of Archeology. The famous archaeologist collected many artifacts found on the territory of Syracuse, and relating to all historical periods through which the city passed. The exhibition contains interesting finds from the times of Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, Byzantium, as well as the Norman, Arab and Spanish periods.

Altar of Hiero

Another extremely interesting cult object of Ancient Syracuse is the Altar of Hiero. It was built in the 3rd century. BC, and served according to its direct pagan purpose - for sacrifices. The scale of the structure and historical evidence indicate that entire bulls were sacrificed here. And, somewhat amazingly, in order to satisfy the gods, animals were killed here in dozens, or even hundreds, in one ceremony.

Foundation of the sacrificial altar

Ear of Dionysius

In addition to man-made monuments of antiquity, Syracuse also has extremely interesting natural objects. The most famous of them, where tourists always flock, is the Ear of Dionysius - a picturesque grotto, the entrance to which nature itself carved into the rock in a characteristic “anatomical” shape.

The Ear of Dionysius grotto was used as a prison for a long time

The history of this place is quite gloomy - in the 4th century. BC. The tyrant Dionysus arranged this place as a dungeon, and he himself, taking advantage of the acoustic features of the cave, eavesdropped on the negotiations of the most “important” prisoners.

Spring of Arethusa

Continuing the theme of natural attractions of Syracuse, one cannot help but say a few words about the Source of Arethusa. According to an ancient romantic legend, at the dawn of civilization, the dazzlingly beautiful nymph Arethusa captivated the heart of the river god Alpheus. The rebellious lover did not want to reciprocate Alpheus and asked Artemis to turn her into a pure spring, thereby saving herself from the persecution of an obsessed lover. The idea was not crowned with success, since Alpheus, even in this form, found his beloved and was reunited with her, carrying his waters under the sea.

The spring of Arethusa has been known in the city of Syracuse since ancient times

The real source is fed by underground waters flowing from the Iblean Mountains themselves. In the center of the reservoir there is a small charming island covered with thickets of unique Syracuse papyrus.

Palaces of Syracuse

Syracuse is also famous for its majestic palaces. The most famous and significant of them:

  • Vermexio Palace built in 1633 (located near the Cathedral Square).

The Vermexio Palace has served as a meeting place for local authorities for centuries.

  • Palace of Montalto on the island of Ortigia. Its appearance shows a significant Gothic influence. Archaeological excavations are still being carried out in the vicinity of the palace.
  • Palazzo Moniace is the most monumental and impressive building in Syracuse. The palace is located in the south of the island of Ortigia. The first stone of the building was laid in 1240. For a long time, the palace served as the residence of the Emperor of Sicily, then it was chosen by the monarchs of the Kingdom of Aragon. From the middle of the 16th century. the palace and nearby fortifications served exclusively military and defensive purposes.

Church of the Weeping Madonna

At the end of our excursion to the sights of Syracuse, we will make an unconventional move and invite you to see the Church of the Weeping Madonna. Contrary to possible expectations, this is, to put it mildly, not ancient, but an amazing story is associated with this temple.

In 1953, a simple Syracuse family encountered a real miracle - the image of the Holy Madonna “cryed” in their house. Rumors about the Weeping Madonna reached Vatican officials, after which the highest priests of the Catholic Church, with the scrupulousness obligatory for such cases, analyzed all the circumstances of the event for a long time before recognizing this fact as an “official” miracle in the 70s of the last century.

The Temple of the Weeping Madonna is made in an uncharacteristic futuristic style

Photos by: cc-by-2.0, Jerzy Strzelecki, Zde, Giovanni Dall’Orto, Sibeaster, Guillaume, Jerome Bon, Rollopack, Berthold Werner, Salvo Cannizzaro

“Syracuse is the largest of the Greek cities and the most beautiful in the world; it really is. Their high location not only contributes to their safety, but also has the consequence that the city from all sides, both land and sea, presents a very beautiful sight. Its harbors are inside the city limits and are partly surrounded by buildings; opening in two opposite directions, they merge at their inner corners, as a result of which that part of the city, which is called the Island, is separated by a narrow strait from the mainland, with which a bridge connects it.”

By car

From peninsular Italy: motorway A3 Salerno-Reggio Calabria, exit at Villa San Giovanni: ferry to Messina departs from here. From Messina take the A18 highway to Catania, then the Catania-Siracusa highway.

By bus

Information about flights on the websites of AST (www.aziendasicili anatrasporti.it) and Interbus (www.interbus.it).

On a ferryboat

The closest port to Syracuse is Catania, but you can also get to the city from Palermo, Genoa, Naples, and Livorno.

Where to stay in Syracuse?

Church of Santa Lucia alla Badia

Chiesa di Santa Lucia alla Badia

Address: Via Pompeo Picherali, 4

Another beautiful church located in Piazza Duomo is the Church of Santa Lucia, the patron saint of the city, in whose honor Syracuse celebrates every year on the first Sunday in May.

The church was founded in the 15th century by order of Queen Isabella, wife of Ferdinand of Castile, on the site where Saint Lucia was martyred in the 4th century. During the earthquake in 1693, the church was completely destroyed, but 2 years later it was restored.

The temple was built in different styles: the lower part of the church is Baroque, the upper part is built in the Rococo style.

Church of Santa Lucia alla Badia. Photo by Thinkstock

The inside of the church is covered with frescoes depicting the life story of Saint Lucia. The church houses Caravaggio's work "The Burial of Saint Lucia".

Previously, there was a monastery adjacent to the temple, which was also destroyed during the earthquake and, unfortunately, was never rebuilt. Today, all that remains is one wall and a staircase leading to the meeting room, the room where the monks met with lay visitors.

Church of Santa Lucia al Sepolcro

Chiesa di Santa Lucia al Sepolcro

Address: Via L. Bignami, 1

Another church, dedicated to the patron saint of the city, was built in the 12th century on the site of a Byzantine basilica destroyed by the Arabs. The architecture of the cathedral underwent three modifications - in the 14th, 17th and 18th centuries.

The baroque decoration of the church's interior dates back to the Aragonese period. Previously, Caravaggio’s “The Burial of Saint Lucia”, 1608, was kept behind the altar of the church, which, after a series of restoration works, was moved to the Palazzo Belomo museum, and later to the church of Santa Lucia alla Badia.

In the 17th century, next to the church above the place of the original burial of Saint Lucia, it was decided to build a chapel dedicated to the saint. Until the 11th century, the relics of Lucia rested in the early Christian catacombs (under the church of Santa Lucia fuori le mura, where access is now closed), until the Byzantine commander George Maniac ordered the tomb to be broken open and the relics taken to Constantinople. Despite this, the residents of Syracuse continue to venerate the saint’s burial place. In 1634, the architect Giovanni Vermexio erected an octagonal chapel above this place and built an altar directly in front of the broken tomb of the saint.

Sculpture of the dying Saint Lucia on the altar of the chapel. Photo by Thinkstock

Catacombs of St. John

Address: Via di San Sebastiano. Tue-Sun 9.00-12.30, 14.30-16.30. Photography is prohibited.

Catacombe Di San Giovanni dates back to the 4th century and testifies to the important role of Syracuse in the era of the spread of Christianity. In terms of size, the catacombs of Syracuse are in second place after those of Rome. Next to the catacombs is the ruined Church of St. John the Evangelist in the Byzantine style.

In this temple in 254, the first bishop of the city, Saint Marcian, suffered martyrdom.

Church of St. John. Photo by Thinkstock

Source of Arethusa

Fonte Aretusa

Address: Largo Aretusa

A long time ago, at the height of civilization, the river god Alpheus fell passionately in love with the nymph Arethusa, who did not reciprocate his feelings. The rebellious nymph hid from God, and then, with the help of the goddess Artemis, turned into a pure source to stop the persecution. However, Alpheus managed to find his beloved and united with her, carrying his waters under the sea.

The Source of Arethusa, which inspired many poets - from Ovid to Milton, is located precisely in Syracuse, in the historical center of the city, and is one of the most beautiful monuments of Syracuse.

Source of Arethusa. Photo by Thinkstock

The source is nourished The groundwater, which take their source in the Iblean Mountains, where the Chane River flows, flowing into the sea opposite the source. In the center of the fountain basin there is an island overgrown with Syracuse papyrus, a unique plant characteristic only of the Chane River valley.

The Belvedere, which is located near the spring, is the ruins of a bastion destroyed in the 19th century.

Castello Maniace

Castello Maniace

Maniace Castle is located in the southern part of the island of Ortigia and bears the name of the famous Byzantine commander, George Maniace, who was the last to conquer Syracuse, expelling the Arabs from the city in the 11th century.

Bronze rams installed at the entrance to the castle are Maniac’s gift to the city.

Castello Maniace was built by the will of Emperor Frederick II in the 13th century by Riccardo da Lentini, who is credited with the authorship of the magnificent Castel del Monte in Andria.

Castello Maniace. Photo by Thinkstock

Notable visitors to Syracuse stayed in the castle, the Sicilian Parliament met (in the 14th century), and was the residence of Constance of Aragon and other royals. During the Napoleonic era, the castle acquired exclusively military significance.

These days, the castle has been restored and today cultural events are held here.

Temple of Apollo

Tempio di Apollo

Address: Largo XXV Luglio

The Temple of Apollo is one of the most important archaeological sites of the island of Ortygia.

The temple was built at the beginning of the 5th century BC and has undergone many modifications over the history of its existence. So, in the early Christian period, the temple served as a church, then an Arab mosque and a Romanesque church of the Normans, then, in the 16th century, the Aragonese turned the temple into military barracks. Thus, the existence of the luxurious Temple of Apollo was completely forgotten: only in 1860, the famous archaeologist Paolo Orsi discovered that an ancient structure was built into the walls of the Spanish military barracks.

The original structure of the temple suffered greatly during numerous changes, but some surviving fragments allow visitors to imagine how beautiful the building was in ancient times.

Temple of Apollo. Photo by Thinkstock

The base of the temple measured about 55 x 21 meters, and columns were densely placed along the entire perimeter of the temple: archaeologists believe that it was the Temple of Apollo in Syracuse that was the prototype for other Doric temples built in Sicily.

Elements of the temple found during excavations are kept in the Paolo Orsi Regional Archaeological Museum.

Archaeological Park of Neapolis

Neapolis arose in ancient times (in the 5th century BC): it was the new quarter of Syracuse, which is why it received the name " New town", Neapolis.

Today there are offices and shops here, but we came here not to shop, but to admire the unique archaeological sites antiquity.

Neapolis. Photo by Thinkstock

Greek Theater (Teatro Greco)

The Greek theater was built in the 5th century BC, then rebuilt in the 3rd century BC. and rebuilt again during the Roman period. Already from the end of the 5th century BC. it was used for performances by famous actors of the time, as well as for public gatherings. For centuries the theater remained in disrepair; in the 16th century, the Spaniards used its stone blocks to build new fortifications at Ortija, thus dismantling the stage and low steps of the amphitheater. At the end of the 18th century, archaeological work resumed in the Greek theater of Syracuse. Since 1914, the National Institute of Ancient Drama began annual productions of Greek works in the theater.

Greek theater. Photo by Thinkstock

"Ear of Dionysius" (Orecchio di Dionigi)

The Ear of Dionysius is a huge grotto, access to which is located near the Greek theater. The grotto, according to legend, was excavated for the tyrant of Syracuse, Dionysius the Elder, in the 4th century BC. The myth claims that Dionysius kept prisoners there, eavesdropping on their conversations - the acoustics in this place are simply excellent. Scientists believe that the grotto was created to improve the acoustic properties of the Greek Theater.

Roman amphitheater (Anfiteatro romano)

The Roman Amphitheater is one of the largest Roman amphitheatres, the third largest after the Colosseum and Verona Arena. It was built at the end of the 1st century BC. and was used for gladiator fights. Most of the structure on the northeastern side is carved into the rock, which has allowed this part to be well preserved to this day. The Roman amphitheater was discovered by archaeologists in 1839.

Roman amphitheater. Photo by Thinkstock

Altar of Hieron (Ara di Ierone)

The Altar of Hiero II was erected in the 3rd century BC. It is a ritual altar almost 200 meters wide and is the largest ancient Greek structure of this type preserved on the planet. Grandiose sacrifices were carried out at the altar: the chronicle claims that the priests could sacrifice 450 bulls at the same time to appease the gods. Unfortunately, only the foundation of the entire complex has survived. In the original, the altar was surrounded by colonnades and a shady garden. The altar was stolen by the Spaniards in the 16th century to build defensive fortresses.

Altar of Hieron. Photo by Thinkstock

Regional Museum of Archeology Paolo Orsi

Museo Archeologico Regionale Paolo Orsi

Address: Viale Teocrito, 66

The Regional Museum of Archeology Paolo Orsi is considered one of the main archaeological museums in Europe. It was founded in 1878. The core of the museum's collection consists of artifacts recovered throughout Sicily, dating from prehistoric times to Roman times. Here you can see fossils indicating prehistoric life forms, works of ancient art, finds from the Roman period and other valuable artifacts.

Not far from the museum there is a small park where you can also admire ancient Roman and Greek artifacts; The tomb of the German poet August von Platen is also located here.

Archaeological Museum of Paolo Orsi. Photo by Thinkstock

Capuchin Quarry

Latomie dei Cappuccini

Address: Via Puglia

In the 17th century, the ancient quarry of Syracuse became part of the Grand Tour, a mega-trip across Europe that included the young scions of wealthy families. Many ancient authors wrote about these places: it was here, in the caves that were located on the site of the quarry, that the Athenian warriors were imprisoned after the unsuccessful assault on Syracuse at the end of the 5th century. BC. Imagine that out of 50,000 warriors, only 7 survived! and they were sold into slavery.

Today, open-air performances and concerts are held here.

Walls of Dionysius

Mura dionigiane

Walls of Dionysius - the remains of ancient walls that surrounded the entire antique city, built by the tyrant of Syracuse in the 4th century. BC.

The walls were built from limestone blocks quarried. About 70,000 slaves were involved in their construction.

In 2008, a park appeared here, allowing tourists to fully explore the ruins of the walls. There is also a small museum that displays territorial archaeological finds.

Puppet Museum

Museo Aretuseo dei Pupi

Address: piazza S. Giuseppe

The Aretuseo dei Pupi Puppet Museum is the first museum in Italy dedicated to Sicilian puppets: valiant knights and Saracen Moors, wizards, witches and various monsters.

Museum of Puppets. Photo flcikr.com

The museum tells the story of the craft started by the Vaccaro brothers, master puppeteers who worked from 1978 to 1995.

In addition to puppets, the exhibition consists of various documents that depict the main historical moments in the development of the Italian puppet theater.

Temple of Our Lady of Tears

Santuario della Madonna delle Lacrime

Address: Viale Luigi Cadorna, 139

The Church of Our Lady of Tears was erected in memory of a miraculous event: on August 29, 1953, in the house of the Yannuso couple, the icon of Our Lady, placed at the head of the marital bed, “cryed.” “Tears” oozed from the eyes of the Mother of God until September 1.

The Church of Our Lady of Tears was built in 1994 in the form of a huge tent in such a way that its extraordinary dome is visible from almost anywhere in the city. At the top of the temple there is a bronze statue of the Madonna.

Temple of Our Lady of Tears. Photo cmcarredi.it

Sea holiday

Plemmirio Marine Protected Area

Area marina protetta del Plemmirio

This is one of the most beautiful sea areas, located very close to Syracuse. The Plemmirio Marine Protected Area was created in 2004 and is classified as a Mediterranean Specially Protected Area.

Plemmirio Marine Protected Area. Photo by Thinkstock

It stretches along 14.35 km coastline along the eastern part of the La Maddalena peninsula. The Plemmirio marine area is located south of historical center city ​​and is the most popular place for swimmers and divers throughout the summer. sea ​​waters the zones have a surprisingly rich color - cobalt blue. Be sure to swim in these waters if you are in Syracuse in the summer or early autumn!

Inhabitants of Plemmirio. Photo by Thinkstock

There is a stable expression - “ hoary antiquity" It is surprisingly appropriate if we talk about the city of Syracuse, located on Italian island Sicily. The name of the city is known to many people, because everyone at school has at least heard about the ancient Greek scientist Archimedes, a resident of Syracuse. By the way, a native of this city was Methodius, one of the creators (along with Kirill) of our alphabet - the Cyrillic alphabet. The sights of Syracuse are very interesting!

The first mention of Syracuse dates back to 734 BC; the streets of the city are filled with archaeological sites. The oldest part, a small island Ortygia(Ortigia), or Ortigia, is entirely related to objects World Heritage UNESCO.

The mystery of the historical wealth of this Sicilian city is explained not only by its antiquity. Fate worked out in such a way that different times were the owners here Greeks And Romans, Byzantines And Arabs, immigrants from Northern Europe. Each of these peoples did not destroy the cultural achievements of the previous owners, but preserved them and supplemented them with their own.

When coming to Syracuse on vacation or on an excursion, you should understand that all its attractions are primarily of historical importance. The city will be of interest primarily to history buffs and archeology fans.

People are always attracted not just by history, but by ancient history. It is represented in Syracuse by the so-called archaeological zone, and this is where tourists flock the most. In this zone, representing the era of Ancient Greece and Rome. Time passed, the city was built and grew. Many monuments of the Middle Ages and the new era appeared. The most popular objects are the following.

Cave "Ear of Dionysius"

These are the remains of ancient quarries located on the site of a natural cave. There are different versions of this name. The entrance to the caves actually resembles the ear of a donkey or horse. The cave has amazing acoustics; it is not for nothing that this cavity was used as a theater in Roman times. According to legend, the tyrant Dionysius threw his prisoners and criminals into the cave: excellent audibility allowed the guards to find out what the prisoners were whispering about.

Capuchin quarries.

This is the name given to other famous quarries in Syracuse. Stone blocks have been mined here for centuries, resulting in the formation of adits with amazing outlines, reminiscent of bizarre halls with columns and pylons. Over time, many of the halls collapsed, given that Sicily experiences strong earthquakes. In the Middle Ages, this strange, abandoned place was chosen by the Capuchin monks, who founded a luxurious garden here.

There are other quarries in Syracuse, but they are much younger than the ancient ones. Here, in the first centuries of the new era, early Christian communities gathered. The Catacombs of San Giovanni are popular among tourists who want to thrill themselves in the dark dungeons. A guide is definitely needed here, because it is very easy for an ignorant person to get lost in the dark passages.

Greek theater

Many visitors tend to consider it the calling card of the city. The theater is well preserved, considering that it was built in V century BC uh. It is located on high hill, which offers a wonderful view of the city. At one time, the theater was one of the largest in Greece, and then in Rome (the Romans held gladiatorial battles there).

Unfortunately, in the Middle Ages, the Spaniards dismantled part of the structure to fortify the island of Ortigia. But even now the “auditorium”, carved into a rocky slope, can accommodate up to 15,000 spectators! This theater is considered a classic example ancient architecture.

Roman amphitheater

Like the quarry, the Greek theater has its “rival” in Syracuse. This is a Roman amphitheater. It is about four centuries younger than the Greek theater, but rivals it in size - the third largest amphitheater in Italy, after the famous Colosseum and the amphitheater in Verona. Excavated by archaeologists in 1839, it has the shape of an ellipse.

In addition to the large amphitheater, the Romans left in Syracuse the largest altar for sacrifices, called altar of Hieron II. It was built three centuries BC, and was intended for offerings to Zeus. There is evidence that 200 bulls were sacrificed here every year!

Ruins of the Temple of Apollo

The temple is the pride of the island of Ortigia, it was built even before the Greek theater. Scientists discovered the temple in the mid-19th century, but it was the legendary archaeologist Paolo Orsi who truly discovered it for science. There is an opinion that the temple was the first large building of the city; its grandeur is indicated by the results of excavations.

If you walk from the ruins of the temple along Matteoti Street, you can smoothly “move” in time from antiquity to the Middle Ages, and get to the popular Archimedes Square.

Archimedes Square

The square is famous throughout Italy Artemis fountain, where the goddess is depicted surrounded by nymphs.

Cathedral Square and Cathedral

Not far from Archimedes Square is another famous square of the city, Cathedral Square, with a majestic building Cathedral (Duomo).

The cathedral is located in the highest part of the island, striking with its grandeur and solemnity. It looks no less magnificent from the inside. It must be said that the appearance that the cathedral has now, it acquired only in the 18th century. Before this, the building was radically rebuilt several times, destroyed by time and earthquakes. Within its walls, several ancient antique columns have been preserved as built-in elements - the modest remains of the temple of the goddess Athena, which the Greeks built here. (And, by the way, excavations claim that even the Greeks erected a building on the site of an even older one, possibly created by the Carthaginians).

In front of the cathedral building there is a funny monument to Archimedes, the aluminum figure of which is immersed in the ground, as if in a layer of water (a hint at his guess about the weight of the body, which supposedly came to Archimedes while bathing in the bath).

Castello Maniace

The whole of Italy is proud of the Maniace Castle, on the seashore. It was built as a fortress, named after George Maniak, who conquered Sicily for Byzantium. In past times, the castle-fortress was the residence of the Sicilian kings, then there was a prison and military barracks. Now the castle is filled with tourists; visiting it takes a lot of time and is very interesting.

Chapel del Sepolcro di Santa Lucia.

Caravaggio's painting "The Burial of Saint Lucia" is periodically shown in this church. This saint played a prominent role in the history of Syracuse and is considered the patron saint of ancient city. The saint's relics were initially located in a tomb outside the city walls. The already mentioned Maniac stole them from the catacombs and took them to Constantinople. In the chapel there is still a trace of the destroyed wall, in which the relics of the saint supposedly resided.

Church of the Madonna della Lacrime

Unlike previous buildings, this building will not boast of antiquity. On the contrary, it is very young, built in 1994. However, the temple is incredibly popular among tourists; everyone who comes to the city watches it. Externally, the building resembles a giant badminton shuttlecock.

The Church of the Weeping Madonna (this is how its name is translated) was built with donations from the townspeople. The building is visible from any part of Syracuse, especially thanks to the 20-meter Madonna towering above the building. Previously, there was a church on the site of the temple, and one day, supposedly, tears flowed from the eyes of the icon of the Mother of God located inside the church... It was decided to demolish the small building and build another, more pompous structure in honor of the miracle revealed.

Archaeological Museum of Paolo Orsi

It is one of the most famous and prestigious museums in Europe, the largest museum on the island of Sicily. It has been working for almost a century and a half. Its huge halls display the entire history of Sicily and Southern Italy. To get acquainted with all its exhibits, you should have a lot of time and effort, because the artifacts are located on an area of ​​​​about 12 km². The exhibits predominate from ancient times.

There are several more in Syracuse interesting museums, among which it is worth highlighting Papyrus Museum and Puppet Museum. The latter will be interesting to children.

Children also enjoy going to Aquarium, next to which a famous source of Arethusa. A special papyrus grows in the spring, and there is a legend that it was here, near a lake of fresh water, that the city was born. If the water disappears, the life of ancient Syracuse will cease.

Of course, this is not a complete list of attractions of the ancient Sicilian city of Syracuse. It's worth coming here to see the streets of Syracuse, which became one of the cradles of European civilization!

Excursions to Syracuse

Syracuse is extremely interesting city. And the overview of the sights of Syracuse presented here is far from complete. To understand the atmosphere of the city, you need to slowly stroll through the streets of Ortigia, where every house breathes history. Look into the temples and admire Ionian Sea. And of course, hear a story about the city’s past, learn the history of this powerful outpost of ancient civilizations. You can read articles about the history of the city, but it is better, of course, to take an experienced guide and combine sightseeing with the fascinating stories of these places.

You can read about excursions to Syracuse in our article “Excursion to Syracuse.” There are two ways to submit a request for a tour:

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