Prepare a presentation about the islands of Oceania of your choice. Presentation "Oceania" on geography - project, report
- What climate zones is Australia located in?
- In what direction is the amount of precipitation decreasing?
tropical zone, as well as on the island of Tasmania?
- Why is Australia the driest continent?
- What is the name of the plate that Australia is on?
- How are landforms distributed across the continent?
- What minerals are mined in Australia?
- Which part of the continent is the most ancient?
- What animals are depicted on the Australian coat of arms?
- What animals are depicted on Australian coins?
- What is the name of the capital of Australia?
- What is the name of the island in southern Australia that bears
name of the animal, symbol of Australia?
- What is the name of the peninsula, in the northern part of the mainland, on
where is the extreme point of the same name located?
- Name the strait between the island of Tasmania and Australia.
- What is the name of the bay located between the peninsula
Arnhem Land and Cape York?
- What is the westernmost point of Australia?
- What natural structure is located near the eastern
the coast of Australia is its symbol?
- List egg-laying animals.
- Which medicinal plant in Australia has turned leaves?
chickpeas facing the sun?
- What is a scrub?
- What are the names of dry riverbeds in Australia?
- Name the largest river systems in Australia.
Oceania - these are the islands lying in
central and southeastern hours -
you Pacific Ocean to the northeast
from Australia, between 28N. and 53yu.sh
and 130v.d. and 105 W.D.
Oceania includes
7 thousand in total S 1.3
million km.sq. Most of
the island is grouped
to the archipelagos: New
Zealand, Hawaii, Tuamotu,
Fiji et al.
Part of the world Australia and Oceania are traditionally divided into the continental country of Australia and the island world of Oceania.
Melanesia (“black island”) - Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji.
Micronesia (“small island”) - small coral islands.
Polynesia (multi-island") - New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Tongo, Tuvalu.
Oceania became for Europeans
known in the 16th century. since
first trip around the world
processions of F. Magellan.
Huge contribution to
discovery of Oceania
contributed by James Cook.
Names of Russians in Oceania.
- Visited Oceania
more than 40 Russian expeditions
under the direction of V.M. Golo-
Vnina, F.P.Litke, S.O.Maka-
Rova, etc.
Russian Islands in
nature and population of Oceania
Contributed by N.N. Miklouho-Maclay.
He compiled interesting descriptions
Sanya tropical shores
Miklukho Maclay.
He lived in this village.
He studied the life of the local
villages Residents with respect
treated him.
Miklouho-Maclay was the only
a native European who
New Guinea was supplied
monument.
Maclay Coast
The islands of Oceania are very picturesque. Mountainous islands, flat atolls,
overgrown with slender palm trees, with a coastal strip of white coral
white or black volcanic sand boggles the mind.
coral
mainland
volcanic
1 – underwater volcano
2 – fouling of the volcano with corals
3 – immersion of the volcanic base under water
Most of the islands of Oceania are surrounded by coral reefs.
fami who take on the blows of formidable oceanic
of these waves and extinguish their gigantic force.
Physiographic location
size, origin
The islands are closely related to the construction
the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
Most islands of Oceania
belongs to volcanic and
coral, some of them -
the tops of underwater ridges.
There are also mainland islands.
Position in a huge body of water, small size
land and remoteness, isolation of islands from mainland land
and from each other had a significant impact on the nature of the island.
In the past, the islands of Oceania were a single landmass, but as a result of rising sea levels, a significant part of the surface was under water.
The relief of these islands is mountainous and highly dissected. For example, highest mountains Oceania, including Mount Jaya (5029 m), are located on the island of New Guinea.
Oceania Climate warm, smooth,
soft, especially favorable
for human life.
Due to the position of the islands on both
temperature side of the equator
the air is high, but the winds are from the ocean
significantly soften the heat.
Temperature fluctuations according to
seasons and during the day
insignificant.
Changing the air pressure above
the vastness of the ocean leads
to the occurrence of frequent
hurricanes.
Isolation of the islands
had the greatest impact on their
flora and fauna.
He is very unique. Poorer
in total it is on small and comparatively
very young in age bark
ll islands.
On the small islands of Oceania, primarily atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by the Polynesian rat. New Zealand and New Guinea have the greatest diversity of fauna.
Of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are the kiwi birds, which have become the national symbol of the country. Other birds that live there are kea, kakapo (or owl parrot), takahe (or wingless parakeet).
Coastal life is rich
waters of the islands and especially
Islands in the ocean are oases
in the middle of a water desert.
Man populated Oceania a lot
thousands of years ago. What
the settlement went along the routes until it was clear-
But. According to established scientific pre-
assumptions, Oceania was populated
on people from South-East Asia.
According to the hypothesis of the Norwegian traveler
nickname of Thor Heyerdahl, it was populated by exit-
people from America.
The Oceanians were skilled
seafarers and shipbuilders -
mi. Navigating by the stars
they sailed for
thousands of kilometers from home
new islands. There is a witness-
stve that they swam even on
island of Madagascar.
New Zealand - Maori.
Indigenous people of New Guinea and
nearby islands - Papuans .
They belong to the equatorial
Modern inhabitants of Oceania
engaged in farming, you
growing coconut trees
bananas, sugar cane and
other cultures.
Traditional occupation
fishing remains in
ocean. On the islands
there are colored ores
metals, stone
coal, being developed
phosphorite deposits.
The nature of Oceania is very vulnerable. She quickly changed
began and continues to change under the influence of money
human activity. Valuable rocks have been cut down
trees, the coastal waters of many
Real barbarity
there was a transformation of the series
atolls into training grounds for
testing of atomic weapons
death, as a result of the destruction
the same number of atolls, up to
unrecognizability of change
the nature of others remained
- Tests on the atoll
Islands of Oceania
those years were a colony
mi. Three decades
it was here ago
only one independent
my state – But-
vaya Zealand.
Now independent
more than 15 countries. Others
are still in economic
mic addiction
from France, England,
USA, Australia, Chile
and other countries.
- & 39.
Slide 2
Oceania is a geographical, often geopolitical, region of the world consisting primarily of hundreds of small islands and atolls in the central and western Pacific Ocean. Oceania is the world's largest collection of islands, located in the western and central Pacific Ocean, between the subtropical latitudes of the Northern and temperate Southern hemispheres. When dividing the entire landmass into parts of the world, Oceania is usually united with Australia into a single part of the world, Australia and Oceania, although sometimes it is separated into an independent part of the world. The total area of the islands of Oceania is 1.3 million square km.
Slide 3
The total area of the islands is 1.26 million km² (together with Australia 8.52 million km²), the population is about 10.7 million people. (together with Australia 32.6 million people). Geographically, Oceania is divided into Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia; sometimes New Zealand is highlighted
Slide 4
Natural features
The islands are of volcanic origin and have mountainous terrain. Coral Islands(atolls) have the shape of a continuous or broken ring. In the center of the island there is a shallow lagoon. On some islands, copper, coal, phosphorites, oil and natural gas are mined. Most of the islands lie in the equatorial and tropical zones, so there are high temperatures and a lot of precipitation.
Slide 5
Flora and fauna
The organic world is endemic and has a poor species composition. The coral islands are poor in wildlife because there is little fresh water. There are many birds; New Guinea is inhabited by echidnas, tree kangaroos, wingless kiwi birds, and the first lizard, the hatteria. There are no mammalian predators. Vegetable world not rich in: palms, casuarinas, tree ferns, vines and coconut palms.
Slide 6
Population of Oceania
Oceania is home to both indigenous people and immigrants from Europe. Asia, America, The indigenous inhabitants of the Melanesian islands, the Papuans, belong to the equatorial race, and the Polynesians (Maori) represent a special group of peoples. The indigenous population carefully preserves their original culture. The Anglo-New Zealand nation was formed in New Zealand.
Slide 7
Cook Island dancers
Slide 8
Slide 9
Oceania political map
Slide 10
Oceania countries
Modern political map Oceania took a long time to form. Many islands still remain US possessions( Hawaiian Islands), Great Britain, France, Australia. Until the early 60s of the 20th century there was one independent state - New Zealand, and now there are more than 10. The smallest is Nauru (one island), and Kiribati - 30 islands.
Slide 11
Economy of Oceania
The main industry is tropical agriculture. Coconut palms are grown on plantations. Tea coffee. Bananas, sugar cane, pineapples. Copra, the dried pulp of the coconut from which coconut oil is obtained, is especially prized. The indigenous population raises goats and pigs. The traditional occupation is fishing and other types of marine crafts. New Zealand is the only country in Oceania with a well-developed economy.
Slide 12
international tourism
Oceania is a developed area international tourism. Many tourists visit the Hawaiian Islands and Easter Island. Tahiti and others. Easter Island has been declared a national park and included in the World Heritage List cultural heritage. The island is home to many mysterious stone statues - stylized images of people created by the Polynesians in the late 4th century.
Slide 13
http://obarcoomundoengalego.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/austalia-mapa.png?w=450&h=450 – Australia. http://notes.yakhnov.ru/20080424-coat-of-arms-of-australia.jpg - coat of arms of Australia. http://net.compulenta.ru/upload/iblock/b3b/e540220-adelaide_river,_australia-spl.jpg – rivers of Australia. http://homepages.abdn.ac.uk/c.p.north/pages/DrylandRivers/assets/pics/CooperInFlood_med.jpg –Cooper Creek. http://data6.gallery.ru/albums/gallery/124013--13759250-m750x740.jpg -rivers. http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/b/3/28/436/28436604_0.jpg - relief of Australia. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Murray_river_australia.jpg - Murray. http://geographyofrussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/murrei.jpg - Murray. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Darling-near-Bourke.jpg - Darling. http://www.planbooktravel.com.au/region-images/NSW/the-living-outback/the-living-outback-400x272/darling-river-1990-bourke.jpg/image_preview - Darling. http://demiart.ru/forum/uploads1/post-75301-1210323921.jpg - eucalyptus. http://foto.spbland.ru/data/media/11/lrg_106421_IMG0226.jpg - blooming eucalyptus. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/NEO_lake_eyre_big.jpg - Air. http://notes.yakhnov.ru/20080429-eyre-lake.jpg - Air.
Lukina Olga Vyacheslavovna
Librarian, geography teacher
Municipal educational institution Vesyegonskaya secondary school
Oceania is a geographical region of the world consisting primarily of hundreds of small islands and atolls in the central and western Pacific Ocean.
When dividing all land into parts of the world, Oceania is usually combined with Australia into a single part of the world, Australia and Oceania.
The total area of the islands is 1.26 million km² (together with Australia 8.52 million km²), the population is about 10.7 million people. (together with Australia 32.6 million people).
Geographically, Oceania is divided into Melanesia, Micronesia And Polynesia, sometimes isolated New Zealand.
Micronesia
Polynesia
Melanesia
Geology
Oceania is not a continent: only Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, New Guinea And Tasmania have continental origin. In the past, these islands were a single landmass, but as a result of rising levels World Ocean a significant part of the surface was under water. The relief of these islands is mountainous and highly dissected. For example, the highest mountains of Oceania, including Mt. Jaya(5029 m), located on the island New Guinea.
Most of the islands of Oceania are of volcanic origin: some of them are the tops of large underwater volcanoes, some of which still exhibit high volcanic activity (for example, the Hawaiian Islands).
Other islands have coral origin, being atolls, which were formed as a result of the formation of coral structures around submerged volcanoes. A distinctive feature of such islands are large lagoons which are surrounded by numerous islands average height which does not exceed three meters. In Oceania there is an atoll with the largest lagoon in the world - Kwajalein in the archipelago Marshall Islands.
Satellite image of Kwajalein Atoll.
Atoll coast Caroline (Line Islands, Kiribati)
Oceania is located within a few climatic zones: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, moderate. Most of the islands have a tropical climate.
The climate of the Oceania islands is determined mainly by trade winds, so most of them receive heavy rainfall. The average annual precipitation is from 1500 to 4000 mm.
Most of the islands of Oceania are subject to harmful effects natural disasters: volcanic eruptions (Hawaii Islands, New Hebrides), earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, accompanied typhoons and heavy rains, droughts.
Many of them lead to significant material and human losses. For example, as a result of the tsunami in Papua New Guinea in July 1999 2,200 people died.
There are large rivers only in South And North Island New Zealand, as well as on the island New Guinea, on which the largest rivers of Oceania are located, Sepik(1126 km) and Fly(1050 km). Largest river New Zealand - Waikato(425 km). The rivers are fed primarily by rain, as well as by water from melting glaciers and snow. On atolls There are no rivers at all due to the high porosity of the soil.
The largest number of lakes, including thermal ones, are located in New Zealand, where there are also geysers. On other islands of Oceania, lakes are a rarity
Rivers and lakes
Stream on the island Efate (Vanuatu).
Flora and fauna
Among the most widespread plants of Oceania are coconut palm And breadfruit who play an important role in life local residents: fruits are used for food, wood is a source of heat, building material.
The islands also contain a large number of ferns, orchids y. Largest number endemics registered in New Zealand and Hawaii.
New Zealand and New Guinea have the greatest diversity of fauna. On the small islands of Oceania, primarily atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by polynesian rat. But the locals are very rich avifauna. Of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are birds. kiwi which have become the national symbol of the country. Other endemics of the country - kea, kakapo (owl parrot), takahe (wingless sultana). All the islands of Oceania are home to a large number of lizards, snakes and insects.
The region contains a large number of protected areas, many of which occupy large areas. For example, Phoenix Islands in the Republic of Kiribati from 28 January 2008 are the world's largest marine reserve(area 410,500 km²)
ferns
breadfruit
Population
Portrait of an indigenous woman
New Zealand - Maori.
The indigenous people of Oceania are Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians And Papuans.
Farm
Modern inhabitants of Oceania are engaged in agriculture, growing coconut palms, bananas, pineapples, and sugar cane. The traditional occupation is fishing in the ocean. On the islands, non-ferrous metal ores and coal are mined, and phosphorite deposits are developed.
Consequences of human activity
- Valuable tree species have been cut down.
- The coastal waters of many islands are polluted.
- Some atolls have been turned into testing grounds for atomic weapons, and as a result, a number of atolls have been destroyed.
Homework
- Notebook entries
http://www.bugaga.ru/uploads/posts/2009-10/1255810564_island_ocean.jpg
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F#.D0.93.D0.B5. D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.8F
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Oceanias_Regions.png
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Oceania_rus.svg http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Puncakjaya.jpg http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Kwajalein_Atoll.png http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:CarolinePic-Kepler-South.jpg
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:A_stream_on_Efate,_Vanuatu.jpg
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:TeTuatahianui.jpg
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Hinepare.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kea.jpg/250px-Kea.jpg http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?rpt=simage&img_url=www.sciencenewsblog.com%2Fpics%2Fkakapo.gif&ed=1&text=%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF %D0%BE&p=17
http://www.flowersandcruises.com/images/pictures/Arieal_Bora_Bora_Larger.jpg http://900igr.net/datas/geografija/Priroda-Afriki/0068-068-Priroda-Afriki.jpg http://www.uwomen.ru/images/stories/photossite/health/bananovoe-derevo.jpg http://www.ekskurzii.com/images/stories/world/great-barrier-reef/great-barrier-reef-ekskurzii.jpg http://rusdods.ya1.ru/uploads/posts/2011-10/thumbs/1319252255_477px-castle_romeo.jpg http://www.e-drofa.ru/materials/bio11/atoll1.jpg http://www.happyho.ru/files/imagecache/preview/images/2010/08/tailand-khlebnoe-derevo-9042.jpg http://nepom.ru/travel/files/rf_paporotnik.jpg
Korinskaya V.A., Dushina I.V. Geography of continents and oceans 7th grade - M.: DROFA, 2010.
Information sources.
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The presentation on the topic "Oceania" can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Geography. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 12 slide(s).
Presentation slides
Slide 1
Slide 2
I. Physiographic location and composition of Oceania
This is a cluster of islands in the central and western Pacific Ocean, which stretch from north to south, from Hawaii to New Zealand, and from east to west, from Easter Island to New Guinea. Number - more than 10,000 islands Area - 1.3 million km²
Slide 3
Slide 4
II. Discovery and exploration of Oceania
The island of New Guinea and the nearby islands of Melanesia were supposedly settled by people from Southeast Asia who arrived by canoe approximately 30-50 thousand years ago. About 2-4 thousand years ago, most of Micronesia and Polynesia were inhabited. The colonization process ended around 1200 AD. After gaining independence, most countries in Oceania still have serious economic, political and social problems, which they are trying to solve with the help of the world community (including the UN) and through regional cooperation.
Slide 5
III. Features of the nature of Oceania
Types of island origins
Slide 6
Relief of the islands
The relief and geological structure of the Pacific Ocean floor in the Oceania region has a complex structure. From the Alaska Peninsula (part of North America) to New Zealand there are a large number of basins of marginal seas, deep ocean trenches (Tonga, Kermadec, Bougainville), which form a geosynclinal belt characterized by active volcanism, seismicity and contrasting relief.
Slide 7
Minerals of the islands
Most of the islands of Oceania have no mineral resources, only the largest of them are being developed: nickel (New Caledonia), oil and gas (New Guinea island, New Zealand), copper (Bougainville island in Papua New Guinea), gold (New Guinea , Fiji), phosphates (on most islands the deposits are almost or already developed, for example, in Nauru, on the islands of Banaba, Makatea). In the past, many islands in the region were heavily mined for guano, the decomposed droppings of seabirds, which were used as nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. On the ocean floor of the exclusive economic zone of a number of countries there are large accumulations of iron-manganese nodules, as well as cobalt, but at the moment no development is being carried out due to economic inexpediency.
Slide 8
Climate of the Oceania Islands
Oceania is located within several climatic zones: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate. Most of the islands have a tropical climate. The climate of the islands of Oceania is determined mainly by trade winds, so most of them receive heavy rainfall. Average annual rainfall ranges from 1,500 to 4,000 mm, although some islands (particularly due to topography and downwind areas) may have drier or wetter climates. Oceania is home to one of the wettest places on the planet: on the eastern slope of Mount Waialeale on the island of Kauai, up to 11,430 mm of precipitation falls annually (the absolute maximum was reached in 1982: then 16,916 mm fell). Near the tropics the average temperature is about 23 °C, near the equator - 27 °C, with little difference between the hottest and coldest months.
Slide 9
Most of the islands of Oceania are subject to the destructive effects of natural disasters: volcanic eruptions (Hawaiian Islands, New Hebrides), earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones accompanied by typhoons and heavy rains, droughts. There are glaciers high in the mountains on the South Island of New Zealand and on the island of New Guinea, but due to global warming, their area is gradually decreasing.
Slide 10
Features of the flora and fauna of Oceania
Among the most widespread plants in Oceania are the coconut palm and the breadfruit tree, which play an important role in the lives of local residents: the fruits are used for food, the wood is a source of heat, a building material, and copra is produced from the oily endosperm of coconut palm nuts, which forms the basis of exports of the countries of this region. On the small islands of Oceania, primarily atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by the small rat. But the local avifauna is very rich. Most atolls have bird colonies where seabirds nest. Of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are the kiwi birds, which have become the national symbol of the country. Other endemic species of the country are kea, kakapo, and takahe. All the islands of Oceania are home to a large number of lizards, snakes and insects.
Slide 11
IV. Population. Features of the settlement of Oceania
The indigenous inhabitants of Oceania are Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians and Papuans. Many languages of Oceania are on the verge of extinction. In everyday life they are increasingly being replaced by English and French. Recently, the proportion of immigrants from Asia (mainly Chinese and Filipinos) has been increasing in the countries of Oceania. For example, in the Northern Mariana Islands The share of Filipinos is 26.2%, and the Chinese - 22.1%. The population of Oceania mainly professes Christianity, adhering to either the Protestant or Catholic branches.
Slide 12
Economy
Most Oceanian countries have very weak economies, which is due to several reasons: limited natural resources, remoteness from global markets for products, and a shortage of highly qualified specialists. Many states depend on financial assistance from other countries. The basis of the economy of most countries in Oceania is agriculture (copra and palm oil production) and fishing. Among the most important agricultural crops are the coconut palm, bananas, and breadfruit. Possessing huge exclusive economic zones and not having a large fishing fleet, the governments of the countries of Oceania issue licenses for the right to catch fish to ships of other countries (mainly Japan, Taiwan, the USA), which significantly replenishes the state budget. The mining industry is most developed in Papua New Guinea, Nauru, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Recently, measures have been taken to develop the tourism sector of the economy.
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