Dominican Republic or Dominican Republic – Island state, located on the Greater Archipelago Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. Satellite map Dominican Republic shows that the country occupied the eastern part of the island of Haiti and several offshore islands. In the west the country borders on the Republic of Haiti, in the east it passes sea ​​border from the USA. In the north the country is washed Atlantic Ocean, on South - Caribbean Sea. The area of ​​the state is 48,730 square meters. km.

10.2 million people live in the Dominican Republic. The largest city and the capital of the country is Santo Domingo. National language countries - Spanish, and National currency– Dominican peso.

The Dominican economy is based on tourism, customs duties, and the export of sugar, tobacco and coffee. The country has developed textile, sugar, tobacco industries, as well as gold and ferronickel mining.

Snow-white beaches of the Dominican Republic (Punta Cana)

A Brief History of the Dominican Republic

Until the end of the 15th century, Indian tribes lived in Haiti

1492 – Christopher Columbus discovered Haiti

16th century - colonization of the island by the Spaniards

1697 - the eastern part of the island belongs to Spain, and the western part to France

1804 – expulsion of the Spaniards

1808 - the eastern part of the island is again under Spanish rule

1822 - the eastern part of the island and Santo Domingo falls under the rule of the Republic of Haiti

Underwater caves of Padre Nuestro

1844 - independence from the Republic of Haiti and creation of the Dominican Republic

1861 – capture of the Dominican Republic by the Spaniards

1865 – final liberation of the country from the Spaniards

1865-1905 – economic instability

1905-1916 – Dominican Republic under US economic control, military coups

1916-1924 – occupation of the Dominican Republic by US troops

1930-1961 – Rafael Trujillo regime

Samana Bay

Sights of the Dominican Republic

On detailed map Dominican Republic from a satellite you can see that the island of Haiti and nearby islands are replete with beaches and tourist resorts. Beach holiday In the Dominican Republic, it is incredibly popular; the islands of Catalina, Saona, Beata and Cayo Levantado, and the resorts of Bavaro, Cap Cana and Punta Cana will be especially interesting.

The Caribbean Sea is great for diving: the Padre Nuestro underwater cave system and the La Caleta underwater park are worth seeing. The Dominican Islands are home to numerous golf clubs, including the famous Punta Espada Golf Course Driving Range.

Altos de Chavón Artists' Village

On the map of the Dominican Republic from a satellite you can also see some natural attractions: national park Los Haitises, Samana Bay, Mount Duarte (3098 m) and the Devil's Mouth chasm.

Among the attractions of the republic, it is worth highlighting a copy of the 15th century Spanish village of Altos de Chavon, the Los Tres Ojos caves, the colonial center of Santo Domingo, Fort Felipe in Puerto Plata, historical Center the city of La Vega and the El Limon waterfall.

Note to tourists

Gulrypsh - a holiday destination for celebrities

Is on Black Sea coast Abkhazia is an urban-type settlement called Gulrypsh, the appearance of which is closely connected with the name of the Russian philanthropist Nikolai Nikolaevich Smetsky. In 1989, due to his wife’s illness, they needed a change of climate. The matter was decided by chance.

Mars It is considered a planet with unusual landscapes consisting of craters, once-flowing river beds, volcanoes and solidified lava that was once scattered by volcanoes on Mars. Not so long ago, the surface of Mars was unknown to us and it was difficult to study it from our planet due to a number of reasons, but with the help of the Mars Odyssey apparatus this became possible. Mars has always been the object of special attention of scientists, since it was once similar to Earth and in order to avoid the same future on Earth, it is necessary to find out what happened to Mars and prevent it on Earth.

The map of Mars was created using several thousand images that were taken using the THEMIS camera. This camera creates images based on analysis of the planet's thermal radiation. After taking a huge number of images, experts worked to create a general picture of the Martian surface. Experts used various methods of combining images into one and removed distortions associated with the special camera optics.

Now the “Mars-Expers” apparatus is also operating in orbit of Mars, which also takes pictures of the planet’s surface. The card obtained with its help will be unique. The surface of Mars is imaged using laser technology. The device sends a laser pulse to the surface of the planet, the laser pulse itself is reflected from the planet and sent back to the spacecraft. Based on the time spent covering the distance from the spacecraft to the planet, a conclusion is drawn about the distance to the surface. This device can detect slopes too small to be seen from the Earth's surface. Thus, photographing the surface is more accurate than using simple photography. may interfere with this photography method, but after receiving conflicting data, scientists understand that they hit the satellite, after some time the signal is sent again.

Mars on Google Maps

A map of the planet Mars also exists on Google Maps. In order to view the surface of Mars using google maps, you need to install the project from google - google maps and there in the menu you need to select the item “planet Mars” (see how to do this

To observe the Earth's surface for free and view satellite images online, you can use several applications. In Russia, two of them are most popular: Google Maps and Yandex Maps. Both services boast good quality high-resolution satellite images from most countries.

Yandex maps is an online application from Russian developers, so Russian cities are more accurately detailed in it. It has built-in functionality for viewing traffic load data (large settlements), demographic and geodata. Google maps have equally high-quality satellite images of the territory of the Russian Federation, but data on land plots and traffic are available only for the United States.

View a map of Planet Earth from satellite online

Below you can see the Google map built into the site. For more stable operation of the plugin, we recommend using the Google Chrome browser. If you see an error message, please update the specified plugin and then reload the page.

Watch Google Earth from satellite, in real time online:

Another advantage of Google Maps is the presence of a client application for working with satellite images. This means that the service can be accessed not only through a browser, but also through a pre-downloaded program. It has many more opportunities for viewing and studying satellite images and working with a three-dimensional virtual globe.

A 3D satellite map from Google (a downloadable application, not an online version) allows you to:

  • use quick search desired objects by name or coordinates;
  • take screenshots and record high quality videos;
  • work offline (preliminary synchronization via the Internet is required);
  • use a flight simulator for more convenient movement between objects;
  • save “favorite places” to quickly move between them;
  • view not only the Earth's surface, but also images of other celestial bodies (Mars, Moon, etc.).

Work with satellite Google maps You can do it through a client application or browser. A plugin is available on the official page of the program that allows you to use an interactive map on any web resource. It is enough to embed its address in the site’s program code. For display, you can select either the entire surface or a specific area (you will have to enter the coordinates). Control - using a computer mouse and keyboard (ctrl+mouse wheel for zooming, cursor for moving) or using the icons indicated on the map (“plus” - zoom in, “minus” - zoom out, move with the cursor).

The Google Earth service in real time allows you to work with several types of maps, each of which reflects certain data on satellite images. It’s convenient to switch between them “without losing progress” (the program remembers where you “were”). Available viewing modes:

  • landscape map from satellite ( geographical features, features of the Earth's surface);
  • physical map (detailed satellite images of the surface, cities, streets, their names);
  • schematic geographic map for a more accurate study of surface images.

The satellite image is automatically loaded at the point of approach, so a stable Internet connection is required for operation. To use Google Earth offline, you need to download the application for Windows or another operating system. Its operation also requires the Internet, but only for the first launch, after which the program synchronizes all the necessary data (satellite images of the surface, 3D models of buildings, names of geographical and other objects) after which it will be possible to work with the received data without direct access to the Internet.

Application " Maps of Mars in 3D"offers an exciting journey through surfaces“red planet”, but first let’s take a closer look at this amazing piece of our solar system.

Surface structure of Mars

Mars is a member of the terrestrial group of planets, ruled by Mercury, Venus and Earth. Unlike the other planets, which appear to us as gas giants, this group has a metallic core and a rocky surface.

This planet, like the quartet it is part of, consists of a liquid core, mantle and crust, but the thickness of the layers is different for each. Mercury's density is on average 5.4 g/cm³ (Earth's is slightly higher - 5.5 g/cm³), and it has a liquid core consisting mostly of iron and nickel. The core of Venus has a similar composition, but with a slightly lower density of 5.2 g/cm³.

The average thickness of the crust of Mars is 30 km on land, and 5 km from the bottom surface on the sea. The planet's core consists of two parts: the outer one, which begins at a depth of 5100 km and consists of a molten iron + nickel alloy; and internal - having a similar chemical composition, but with a more solid structure. Surface density - 5.520 g/cm³. The Red Planet is half the size of Earth.

Dimensions of the planet Mars

The radius of Mars is 3.389 km, and its circumference is 21.3 thousand km. The volume is 1.63¹¹ km³, the mass is at around 6.41²⁴ kg. When compared to Earth, the Martian planet's diameter is 53% of Earth's and its surface area is 38%. A three-dimensional map of the surface of Mars confirms that the total area of ​​​​this planet is equal to the sum of the areas of all Earth's continents. Its mass is only 11% of that of the earth, and its volume is 15% compared to our earthly home. Mars is smaller than its relative Mercury, but it unique world attracts with its mystery, and magnifying 3D maps of Mars allow you to examine it in detail.

Surface of Mars

Although Mars cannot boast of its size, it is the most big mountain in the solar system - Olympus (21.2 km), located on its surface, preserves the splendor of the dignity of the planet.

Surface of Mars completely cratered, and the deepest is the Mariner Valley. Using the program, you can examine in detail all the planet’s basins and volcanoes, which are considered the largest in the solar system.

NASA interactive maps will tell you about the most prestigious region of Mars - Cydonia, where the most mysterious formations are concentrated: “Face on Mars” and “Sphinx”. Thanks to high-resolution photographs taken by orbiting reconnaissance missions, you will be able to get much closer to Mars. The surface formation "Sphinx" resembles a pyramid built by an extraterrestrial civilization. Although, in essence, this and other mysteries of the red planet are nothing more than a miracle of relief.

Surface temperature of Mars from Mars Global Surveyor

The daily surface temperature of the planet Mars ranges from -65° C to -120° C. The thermal emission spectrometer on board the Mars Global Surveyor probe has transmitted a detailed temperature map of Mars.

Nighttime surface temperatures describe a t-scale, with white representing the warmest places on the planet and cold areas colored red, yellow, and green colors, and the coldest one is shown in blue.

The data was taken as the vehicle passed over the night side of Mars. The map shows that it is winter in the southern part of Mars, while it is summer in the northern part of the Martian planet.

"Sphinx", "Face on Mars" and "Pyramids"

Navigate to:

  • Mount Olympus
  • Face on Mars
  • Chasma Canyon

Important! Most likely, to run the application, you will need to connect to the Google Earth service. Next, restart the browser.

"Face" on Mars

Numerous mountains and pyramids located on the surface of Mars have smooth symmetry. Photographs taken in the 70s by the Viking spacecraft looked like a face, so many speculated about the existence extraterrestrial civilization. But, as it turned out later, the culprit was photos taken in poor quality.

One of the images had perfect symmetry, similar to a face, which became fodder for debate among many scientists. However, all the intrigue ended when photographs were received in higher quality.

The “face on Mars” turned out to be nothing more than a hill, similar outlines of which can be observed on Earth. Such formations are often created under the influence of ice or constant wind, a shining example This is served by: Mount Assiniboine in Canada, Thielsen in the USA and Matterhorn in Switzerland.

History of Mars

Mars was once warm and wet, but is now a dry and cold planet. NASA rovers are transmitting data that the climate on ancient planet was warm enough and the surface held water. This conclusion is confirmed by the chemicals detected by the probe. substances that can only be created in the presence of moisture. Scientists also suggest that some reliefs could not have been created without the participation of the abyss of water.

It is interesting to look at the supposed map of Mars in the past, to look back several billion years. Kevin Gill, an astronomer who created visualizations of the real Mars in the past, used a laser rangefinder located on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft.

The oceans and seas recreated on Mars were created taking into account the flooding of deep valleys, so they only “predict” the water structure of the planet.

The displayed clouds are also free-form. The information for their “reconstruction” was taken from the NASA Blue Marble project. A more accurate name for this water card would be Mars after many years of asteroid formation and reception.

Gas - methane

For many, Mars is a cold world with a red surface color, but when methane was found on its surface, many people's opinions changed.

Why is methane present in the Martian atmosphere? There can only be two explanations for this: biological and geological. Quite a lot of people want to believe in the first reason, but the likelihood of life arising on Mars is negligible. The second is volcanism. Satellite maps show that there are not many volcanic clusters on the planet. The largest is the Tharsis plateau, which gave birth to four volcanoes, one of which is Olympus.

If you look closer at the Tharsis plateau, on the right you can see the “Labyrinth of the Night” and three mountains in the very center: Arsia, Pavlina, Askrian. The “3D maps of Mars” program allows you to get closer to these mountains and travel near their foothills, just by clicking once on the mouse button.

Methane gas tends to quickly break down when exposed to sunlight and wind, so it is logical to conclude that the sources of methane emissions must be constantly active. The created map of Mars does not allow us to accurately convey the location of all methane sources, but this problem will be solved by the Mangalyaan probe launched to the surface, the purpose of which is to collect accurate data.

Methane is under close study by astrobiologists, since it is common knowledge that most of this gas on Earth is produced by microscopic organisms. And besides, the red color of the planet is partly due to the release of methane.

Geological data of the surface of Mars

The absence of tectonic plates would allow volcanoes to erupt for hundreds or millions of years. The map of Mars reports a large number of constant eruptions, which contain a large percentage of iron. The "iron" surface was gradually oxidized by the Martian atmosphere, so this is a suitable explanation for why the planet's surface is covered with a red film.

The Red Planet's Past

Researchers believe that Mars used to be much larger, but the powerful impact that left the North Polar Basin suggests that the planet lost some of its mass. Upon closer examination of the surface, this conclusion seems justified.

It is worth noting that the research conducted by the Hubble shuttle does not fully represent mysterious world Mars. But interactive map in 3D, will allow for a more in-depth study. Thousands of photographs taken by space probes were taken into account when creating this map. A detailed map of the surface of Mars was made possible by studies of the Mars Odyssey, Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter probes. These space probes allowed us to see all the beauty of the surface and structure of the planet. An interactive 3D map from Google will captivate you with the landscapes of Mars without leaving your home. This is a fairly simple and intuitive application that allows you to zoom in and see corners of the red planet that were previously inaccessible to the human eye. Carata is available online, so its research and study is available to everyone: both amateurs and scientists located anywhere in the world.

Hypsometric map of the surface of Mars

The map was created based on studies of the laser altimeter, the Mars Global Surveyor space probe. Peaks up to 10 km high are marked here in red, and more and more high mountains- indicated in pink and white-pink. The colors indicating the depressions are green and blue. As you examine this map, you will notice that Northern part planets, slightly lower in altitude than the southern one. From the words of scientists, it becomes clear that the northern part was filled with water in the past, and these words are confirmed by the gravitational map of the red planet.

Images transmitted from the unmanned Mars Global Surveyor research station also made it possible to see the outline closer. coastline. This detailed map allows you to see the Hellas Basin, as well as four active volcano, located on the Tharsis plateau. These pictures are quite detailed, but the best thing to see here is the Valles Marineris - it is a tectonic fault, the total length of which is 5 thousand km. It is worth emphasizing with particular pride that this map was created by our fellow countrymen, who took as a basis the data obtained from American space probes. Special efforts were made by Zh. F. Rodinova.

Topographic designations of the surface of Mars

The modern map, compiled by the efforts of the latest spacecraft, contains new names for landforms, along with old geographical and mythological names. This one new map Mars allows us to see that the largest elevation is Tharsis, and the annular depression in the south is Hellas. Many valleys bear the names of planets in different languages ​​of the peoples of the Earth. For example, the Valley of Hrath - which means “Mars” in Armenian, as well as the Valley of Maadim - in Hebrew.

However, there is one exception in the names - this is Valles Marineris, which is named after the Mariner 9 spacecraft, which photographed this surface in detail. Small valleys were named after the rivers of the Earth. Arsia is a classic albedo formation. Pearl Bay is the name of the Hindustan Peninsula, where pearls were searched for in ancient times.

Craters on the surface of the Red Planet

Any detailed map of Mars shows that the craters of this planet are different from the craters located on the Moon and Mercury. Even small craters indicate the presence of erosion on their surface caused by water and wind.

The Moon and Mercury have no liquid or atmosphere, but Mars had all this millions of years ago. The largest craters: Huygens - 470 km, with a depth of 4 km; Schiaparelli - 465 km in size, with a depth of 2 km; Cassini - with a diameter of 411 km. A satellite map of Mars from 2014 shows that in places where ice breaks up from the surface, radial ejections of soil are observed. What is typical is that such soil emissions are found in craters located in the north of the planet.

Cards

Large map of the red planet - presents a good physical card Mars. This map was compiled by the staff of the popular science magazine National Geographic, whose authority is recognized throughout the world, so these works are of particular interest to people who cannot imagine life without knowledge of space.

Advice. To open a map created by National Geographic in high resolution, download it to your computer. This operation is quite simple to perform: after the map is fully opened in the browser, click on the left mouse button and select “save as” and specify a convenient folder for saving.

Curiosity rover

The translation of the name of the comic rover, Curiosity, literally means “opportunity.” The device is equipped with all the tools for collecting geochemical, geological and other information. It also has a nuclear radioisotope thermogenerator, so the Curiosity rover is capable of collecting and transmitting a lot of photographs, which are then stitched together and studied by scientists. Thanks to images from this equipment, we have the opportunity to take a closer look at Hale Crater, located in a very interesting area of ​​the planet. Curiosity's images are truly amazing and the most mysterious photos, which we can look at with pleasure, each at home.

Even the most recent spacecraft launched by NASA's exploration agency cannot provide perfect detail of the surface of Mars. The map of the red planet is constantly updated, and new/more powerful spacecraft are launched into orbit. Interesting: The MRO probe - used by NASA has a 30 cm telescope capable of taking images with a resolution of 30 cm per pixel, despite the fact that the images are taken from an altitude of 250 km above the surface of Mars.

The detailed map of Mars was created with the active participation of the MRO and Mars Odyssey spacecraft, as well as the Mars Express probe from the European Space Agency.

By and large, a map of Mars is a combination of numerous images from different spacecraft, so even a standard size wall map will be quite accurate. At the same time, using computer technology, you, sitting at home, can view online the entire surface of Mars, without making much effort in managing the program.

Thanks to the efforts of the giant company Google, it was possible to combine all the data to create an interactive 3D program. It is worth mentioning that the MRO probe took on the largest part research work. This map is the result of a joint collaboration between Google and NASA. A regular browser, such as Google Chrome or Ethernet Explorer, allows you to open a map of Mars online, so an overview of the surface of the red planet is available to anyone today. To view maps of Mars in online mode, You just need to go to the global network and find the appropriate service. The maps will be especially interesting to people interested in astronomy, but a detailed examination of the maps is surprising interesting places, will attract even amateur beginners. It is worth noting that humanity has never seen such a detailed study of Mars, so viewing and studying the red planet, using interactive 3D maps from Google, will allow a person of the twenty-first century to have the most advanced information.