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Urban areaBekovsky CoordinatesCoordinates: 52°2754 s. w. 43°4236 E. Longitude / 52.465°N w. 43.71° E. d. (G) (O) (I) 52.465, 43.71 52°2754 s. w. 43°4236 E. Longitude / 52.465°N w. 43.71° E. d. (G) (O) (I) ChapterChulanov Sergey Ivanovich Based2nd half of the 17th century 1st mention1621 Former namesLakes, Nikolskoye, Bekovshchina PGT with1959 Center height149 meters Population^ 6,939 people (2010) Ethnoburybekovchanin, bekovchanka, bekovchane TimezoneUTC+4 Telephone code+7 84141 Postal codes442940, 442941 Automatic code58 OKATO code56 209 551 Official sitelink

Bekovo- urban-type settlement, administrative center of Bekovsky district of Penza region Russian Federation. In the Russian Empire it was part of the Serdobsky district of the Saratov province. As of January 1, 2012, the population of Bekovo was 7,110 inhabitants. The village of Bekovo became a laureate of the all-Russian competition “The Best Well-Equipped Settlement in Russia” in the category “Active role of the population in the improvement of their native village” for 2010.

Geography

The village is located on the right bank of the Khoper River, 154 km from Penza. Bekovo railway station on the South-Eastern metal road (opened on February 22, 1874), end station Bekovskaya branch of the Tambov-Saratov strip.

Story

Main article: History of Bekovo (Penza region)

The first mention of a settlement on the site of Bekovo dates back to 1621, although the history dates back to 1671, the date of the opening of a church parish in the village: a church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was opened in the village of Ozery. With the opening of the church, the village of Ozery turned into the village of Nikolskoye (the name of the village was given after the church that was built). . However, the church parish could not appear in an empty place, and long before its appearance there was a settlement of farmers on the banks of the Khopr. This is supported by one of the names of Bekovo, noted in documents of the 18th century - Lakes. It indicates that the settlement was founded on the shores of the lake by Russian peasants of the Shatsk district, who hunted along the banks of the Medveditsa and Khoper rivers, after the Volga region became part of the Capital country.


Bekovo. Entrance to the former Ustinov estate. 2011

In 1691, the village of Nikolskoye (Ozyory) was owned by Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin, uncle of Peter I. Since 1700, the owners of the village of Nikolskoye (Ozyory) were Kozma and Kondraty Bibikov, brothers of the steward of Peter I, Yakov Bibikov. Yakov Bibikov sold the land of his personal brothers in 1723 to Prince Alexander Alexandrovich Bekovich-Cherkassky, the son of Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky, an associate of Peter the Great, who managed the expedition to Khiva. In 1725 the village was renamed Cherkasy. Since 1745, the village began to be called Bekovshchina or Bekovo (in honor of the father of Alexander Alexandrovich Bekovich-Cherkassky - Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky (Devlet Kizdem Murza before Christian baptism) (-1717), who died at a diplomatic post in 1717 in the Bukhara Emirate).
In 1780, Serdobsky district, Saratov governorship, was created. The village of Bekovo became part of the Serdobsky district. In 1783, A. A. Cherkassky sold the estate along with the peasants to General S. P. Melgunov. In 1790, the village of Bekovo passed by deed into the hands of the landowner Agrafena Alexandrovna Durasova, the wife of Lieutenant General of the Russian Army Misha Zinovievich Durasov, who built a palace-estate in the classical style on the shore of Lake Zaton and a house with a 23-meter tower.


Estate A. Mtr. Ustinov, 1st half of the 19th century

In 1800, the owner of the village became a state councilor, a native of the merchant class, Misha Adrianovich Ustinov (1755-1836), who in 1821 included his personal family in the third part of the noble genealogy book of the Saratov province. In 1825, the Church of the Intercession was built in the village of Bekovo, named on the day of the holiday and the opening of the Church of the Intercession. Since 1830, Adrian Mikhailovich Ustinov (1802-1883) became the owner of the village, inheriting Bekovo from his father, Mtr. A. Ustinova. A. Mtr. Ustinov made a gigantic contribution to the socio-economic development of the village. Was rebuilt palace estate(1830-1832), greenhouses were built in which lemons, peaches, and pineapples were grown; a distillery was built in 1845; White Like Snow opened in 1840 Gostiny Dvor(construction began back in 1810, the building has survived to this day). In 1870, a kumiss hospital with dachas and a kurzal (for the treatment of tuberculosis patients) was built near Mount Shikhan, where rich magnates from Finland, Germany, and Poland came for healing, and Bekovo was called the Crimea of ​​Muscovy. A fire tower was erected in 1872; a parochial school was opened (1867); city ​​bank, elevator (1872-1876); in July 1875, a 2-class men's school was opened. 1873, using A. Mtr.’s own savings. Ustinov built a railway line to the Vertunovskaya station and the Bekovo railway station. Every year, from September 25 to October 5, the Intercession Fair was held, where horses, livestock, grain, and haberdashery products were sold. In 1875, the owner of the village of Bekovo-Misha Adrianovich Ustinov (1825-1904).


Ustinov estate, 2nd half of the 19th century

The following buildings were built under him: the Pechenkin tannery, a water flour mill; 2-storey hospital; The people's theater and library were opened. In 1901, Bekovo had 2.5 thousand inhabitants, a church in the name of the Intercession, a postal and telegraph office, a volost administration on the street. Large, private pharmacy on the street. Pokrovskaya (the building made of wood has been preserved, in this moment auto parts store), schools: 2-grade Ministerial, parochial, 2 schools: 2-grade male and female. In the aftermath of the death of Mtr. A. Ustinov, the possessions of the village of Bekovo are transferred to his wife Maria Alekseevna Ustinova (urn. Serebryakov), who in 1913 sold the estate with the kumiss clinic to the merchant P. P. Makarov (in 1917 he donated his estate to the Russian authorities for free).


Church of the Intercession in the village of Bekovo, early 20th century

During the Civil War, the village was in the zone of action of the Red Army against the Antonovites. On March 29, 1926, in Bekovo, they heard a radio for the first time, which was arranged by radio technician Utekhin. Until 1928 - the volost center of the Serdob district of the Saratov province, after which district center Lower Volga Territory and Saratov Region, since 1939 - Penza Region. In 1934, the Church of the Intercession was destroyed, bricks from which were used in the construction of a sweet factory. In the 1940s, the Bekovsky horticultural state farm was formed (971 hectares under orchards and berry fields), which was the largest in the region in this specialization. The farm has achieved a record fruit yield of 45-50 centners per hectare. In the aftermath of 1926, the Ustinovsky village (717 inhabitants) became part of the village of Bekovo. In 1955, the central estates of the collective farms “Red October”, named after Khrushchev and the Bekovsky fruit and berry state farm No. 38 were located in the village, in 1972 - the fruit state farm “Bekovo” and the state farm “Novobekovsky”. in 1959, the village of Bekovo was given the status of an urban-type settlement. In 1985, the huge neighboring village of Naryshkino became part of the Bekovo village.

Population

Population dynamics in Bekovo:

Economy

The main sectors of the village's economy are represented primarily by food industry and agricultural enterprises:

  • Bekovsky RPK Oktyabr LLC and Bekovsky Souvenir LLC - creation of confectionery products;
  • IP Kuznetsova Litr..V. - production of bread and bakery products, confectionery products;
  • Bekovokhleboprodukt LLC - flour production;
  • LLC "Nectar" - production of jam;
  • PMK - construction of residential buildings, livestock buildings, schools, kindergartens, etc.;
  • elevator;
  • mill.

The Bekovsky branch of the Russian Agricultural Bank and a branch of Sberbank are located in the village.


Railway station Bekovo station. 2011

Transport

The village is the final station of Bekovo of the South-Eastern metal road, a branch of the Vertunovskaya - Bekovo strip. The nearest metal railway station where trains stop long distance, is Vertunovskaya. Currently, only cargo operations are carried out at the Bekovo station; there are no passenger transportations. Every day, bus passenger transportation is carried out to Penza along the Bekovo-Nikolskoye-Penza highway, to Serdobsk and Rtishchevo.

Social sphere

The activities of the social sphere of the Bekovo village are aimed at providing educational, cultural, leisure, physical education and sports services and social protection of the population.

Education

Education in the village is represented by the following institutions:

  • MDOU kindergarten No. 1 and MDOU kindergarten No. 2;
  • MBOU secondary school No. 1 and MBOU secondary school No. 2;
  • Bekovsky branch of the Serdobsky multidisciplinary technical school;
  • The House for arts and crafts for children;
  • School of Music.

Culture

In the area of ​​the village there are:

  • district house of culture;
  • inter-settlement central regional library;
  • local history museum;
  • house of worship;

Sport

The village has sports facilities:

  • sports and recreation complex “Khopyor”;
  • stadium "Start"
  • sports and gyms;
  • hockey box;
  • BMX track.

Such sports as football, volleyball, athletics, gorodki, chess, tennis, and billiards are developed.

Medicine

The village has a central regional hospital with 58 round-the-clock hospital beds, 25 day hospital beds and a clinic for 250 scheduled visits per day.

Social facilities

There are further public service institutions in Bekovo:

  • public service center;
  • boarding house for war and labor veterans;
  • rehabilitation center for children and adolescents with disabilities.

Media and development of mass communications

Printed publications

Connection

Communication is represented by telephone, fax, telegraph, postal and other types of communication. Wired communication services are provided by the Volgatelecom company, Internet services by the Volgatelecom and Megafon companies. Services mobile communications mobile companies provide:

  • Beeline
  • Megaphone
  • Smarts Penza-GSM

Radio stations

The following radio stations are broadcast in Bekovo:

  • Autoradio on frequency 100.1 (since November 2009).
  • Zolotoye FM on frequency 107.0 (since April 2010; broadcasting from Serdobsk).
  • Russian Radio on frequency 100.9 (started broadcasting on November 17, 2011).

Attractions

  • Ustinov estate;
  • a memorial in honor of fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War;
  • mass graves of soldiers who died from wounds in 1941-45 in the hospital (in the village cemetery);

Residents I know

  • Aravin Pyotr Vasilievich - a famous scientist-historian, researched the history of Russian and Kazakh music;
  • Glotova Nina Mikhailovna - doctor, Russian ophthalmologist;
  • Kalinin Pavel Vasilievich (1905-1981) - a famous mineralogist and teacher, doctor of the Moscow State Hydrological Institute, researcher of the Baikal region, Aldana, etc., one of the pioneers of Russian mica geologists, the mineral kalininite was named in his honor;
  • Kryukov Adrian Aleksandrovich (1849-1908) - a familiar Russian ophthalmologist, in the adaptation of V.P. Odintsov’s “Course of Eye Diseases” was a textbook for Russian ophthalmologists;
  • Menshchikov Leonid Petrovich (1869-1932) - figure in Russian political investigation, publicist;
  • Ustinov Pyotr Mikhailovich (1879-1937) - famous diplomat;
  • Chervyakov Vladimir Ivanovich (b. 1923) - pilot, participant in the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Russian Union (1944).

Photos of Bekovo and its surroundings

Notes

  1. ^1 2 Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census
  2. ^ The village of Bekovo became a prize-winner of the competition “The Best Equipped Settlement in Russia”
  3. ^ Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated September 19, 2011 No. 451 “On the results of the All-Russian competition for the title “The most equipped urban (rural) settlement of the Russian Federation” for 2010.”
  4. ^1 2 3 4 Naletova R. Bekovsky region - impacts, facts (chronicle-chronicle). Samara, 1999-s. 46
  5. ^ Murashov D. “Stands in the middle of the Bekovo plain, one of the Russian villages” // newspaper “Bekovsky Vestnik” No. 61 dated 08/10/1994
  6. ^ Yurovsky Liter.. N. Saratov estates. Saratov, 1923. P.7
  7. ^ On the history of the colonization of Serdobsky district. Materials for the historical-geographical dictionary. B.mtr. B.g.
  • Information about Bekovo from the site “The Entire Penza Region”
  • An echo of a glorious past. Bekovo from the site “News of the Radishchev Museum”.
  • Bekovo (Penza region)- article from the Enormous Russian Encyclopedia
  • Population of districts and urban populated areas of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Preliminary results of the 2010 census.
  • Bekovo is a repository of Russian antiquities.
  • B.K. Maksimov. The Ustinov estate in Bekovo.
  • Evgeny Blokhvostikov. Fragments of the noble Russian Federation. Bekovo.
  • Dmitry Voronkov. Estates of the Saratov region. Potentially profitable story
  • Bekovo
  • Anatoly Volodin. Mirror miracle
  • Protected places
  • Website of the Bekovsky district administration
  • Website of the newspaper "Bekovsky Vestnik"


Bekovsky urban district of Penza region
Administrative center- town Bekovo
Administration of the working village of Bekovo townBekovo
Vertunovsky village councilvillages:Vertunovka| Coordination | village Sakhzavod | locality Third Department
Volynshchinsky village councilvillages:Volynshchino| Khovanshchino | villages: Fruit farm | Russian | village Zhukovo
Ivanovo village councilvillages:Ivanovka| Nikolskoye
Mitkirey village councilvillages:Mitkirey| Zatolokino | village Lugovaya
Moshkovsky village councilvillagesMidges| Galleys
Pyashinsky village councilvillages:Pokrovka| Anichkino | Pyasha | village Treskino
Sosnovsky village councilvillages:Sosnovka| Vlasovka | villages: Kryukovka | Malyonovka | village Marmots settlements: 1st department (Razdolny) | 2nd Division
Yakovlevsky village councilvillages:Yakovlevka| Macha-Springs | Aleksandrovka (formerly Macha-Rodnikovsky village council) | villages:| Aleksandrovka (formerly Svishchevsky village council) | Nikolaevka | farmstead: Visly | Steep
Total: 35 populated areas in 9 village councils, including urban settlements Bekovo
Bold designated administrative centers urban entities

Settlement Bekovo is located in the southwestern part of the Penza region, located on the left bank of the Khoper River. Bekovo is located 154 kilometers from regional center along the Penza - Tambov highway. In the village there is a dead-end railway station of the same name on the line leading from Vertunovskaya (Sosnovka village). Bekovo among his own kind settlements It is considered one of the most comfortable villages.

Story

Bekovo was founded in the first half of the 17th century by peasants from the Shatsk district. Here, on the oxbow lakes of Khopr, they made a living by catching fish and beavers. The settlement was originally called Ozyory. In 1671, a church was consecrated in Ozyory, and the village was renamed in honor of the temple - Nikolskoye. In those years, it was the outskirts of the Moscow kingdom, and robbers lived in the vicinity. Therefore, there was a bad reputation about Bekovo.

The village became Bekov in 1745, when the owner of the village, Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky, renamed it in honor of his father. The crown of the Bekovich-Cherkassky family is depicted on the flag and coat of arms of the village. In the 19th century, the village was part of the Serdobsky district of the Saratov province. The development of Bekovo in that period is associated with the Ustinov family - the next owners of the village.

Adrian Ustinov did his best. He completed the construction of the estate, which included greenhouses with peach, pineapple and lemon orchards. Also, on his initiative, a guest house, a distillery, a parish school, a college, a bank, an elevator, and a fire tower appeared in the village. At Ustinov's expense, a railway was built to the village.

Near Mount Shikhan, not far from Bekovo, Ustinov founded a hospital for tuberculosis patients and a kumiss clinic. Rich people came here for treatment not only from surrounding provinces, but from abroad. Bekovo received the fame of a health resort and the nickname “Crimea of ​​Muscovy”.

In 1928, the former volost center became the center of the Bekovsky district.

Attractions

Unfortunately, very few objects have survived from their former splendor in Bekovo. The Ustinov estate has been well preserved, within the walls of which there is a nursing home. Also, the estate of the merchant Makarov, the Gostiny Dvor and some other buildings have survived to this day.

Urban-type settlement BEKOVO (Ozyorye, Nikolskoye) Penza region

Russian urban-type settlement, regional center, 154 km from Penza, railway station on the Bekovskaya branch of the Tambov-Saratov line, highway to Penza. Until 1959 – the village of Bekovo. As of January 1, 2006 – 6561 inhabitants. Located on the right bank of the river. Hopper. Large forest areas begin at the southern and eastern outskirts of the village. Founded at the end of the 17th century as a village. Nikolskoe Lake, from the 18th century - p. Bekovo (named after one of the first owners, Prince A.A. Bekovich-Cherkassky). Peasants were transferred from Arzamas, Suzdal, Murom, Moscow and other districts. In 1771 the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, in 1813 – Church of the Intercession.

Thanks to its advantageous location at the intersection of roads and the rafting river, Khoper had already become a major trading center in the area by the beginning of the 19th century, and by the middle of the 19th century it surpassed the county towns of Serdobsk, Atkarsk and others in commercial importance. In 1800, when Bekovo was owned by Major General and Cavalier Mikhail Zinovievich Durasov with his wife Agrafena Alekseevna, a church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and a wooden manor house were built in Bekovo. On the day of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, a fair opened and lasted two weeks. There was trade between visiting merchants in silk and woolen goods, products for peasant labor, tin, cast iron and wooden utensils, sugar, vodka and tea. Trade in driven cattle was widely developed. In addition, every Sunday there were bazaars in Bekovo, where residents of nearby villages gathered to buy and sell products of peasant labor and small goods. The village owner built ten wooden shops for the merchants. The bazaar and fair brought him up to 600 rubles of net income per year.

Subsequently, the Pokrovsk Fair (funds from it continued to flow to the landowner) was known throughout Russia (trade in grain, horses, livestock products, handicrafts). In many ways, the St. Petersburg merchant M.A. contributed to the prosperity of Bekovo. Ustinov (1755-1836), who acquired an estate here in 1810 and built an urban-type estate on the banks of the Khoper.

Until 1861, some peasants were on quitrent, and some were on corvée. The rent was paid from 43 to 50 rubles. with tax. In 1861, the peasants were released, purchasing land from Ustinov as their property. There was arable land High Quality, black soil up to 1.5 arshins (more than 1 meter) depth.

With the construction of a railway line in 1874, warehouses, steam mills, and grain barns were built here. By 1877 - 300 households, 2 schools, a church, a chapel, an almshouse, a hospital, a postal station, 11 shops, 10 inns, a steam carpentry factory, a brick factory, 2 windmills. In 1880, a private library was opened for public use. In 1886, there were 12 stone and brick residential buildings, 27 iron-roofed houses, 31 industrial establishments, 13 taverns and taverns, 8 shops; The peasants have 342 working horses, 622 sheep, 267 pigs, 100 households without horses, 67 without their own crops, 1 household with a garden. The well-being of the peasants was promoted by the trading role of the village. Of the 217 men who had commercial earnings at the end of the 1880s, 43 were engaged in trade, 43 in renting out apartments, 25 in gardening, 25 in farm labor, 18 in day labor, there were 5 butchers, 8 clerks.

In 1877, a koumiss clinic, a kursaal and a hotel with a bathhouse, and a boat dock on the lake for vacationers were opened on Mount Shikhan. By 1900 there was a postal and telegraph office, a pharmacy, a library, a commercial and industrial bank, a two-class school, and a parochial school.

During the Civil War, the village was in the zone of action of the Red Army against the Antonovites. On March 29, 1926, a radio was heard for the first time in Bekovo, which was arranged by radio technician Utekhin. Until 1928 - the volost center of the Serdobsky district of the Saratov province, then the regional center of the Lower Volga region and the Saratov region, from 1939 - the Penza region. In the 1940s, the Bekovsky horticultural state farm was formed (971 hectares of orchards and berry fields), which was the largest in the region in this specialization. The farm achieved a record fruit yield of 45–50 centners per hectare. After 1926, the Ustinovsky village (717 inhabitants) became part of the Bekovo village; in 1985, the large neighboring village of Naryshkino became part of the Bekovo village.

In 1998, in Bekovo, there was a butter factory, a food processing plant (confectionery, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks), an elevator, a mill, and a PMC (construction of residential buildings, livestock buildings, schools, kindergartens, etc.); sugar factory (built in 1936). Central district hospital, secondary and 2 junior high schools, 2 kindergartens, vocational school, cultural center, cinema, center. district library, children's library, Naryshkin rural library. Museum of History and Local Lore, holiday home "Bekovo". Bekovsky branch of the Russian Agricultural Bank, savings bank, post office, telegraph, telephone. Local trucking company. Mass graves of soldiers who died of wounds in 1941–45 in the hospital (in the cemetery and in the area of ​​the sugar factory); a memorial in honor of fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War. Mass grave of Soviet workers who died at the hands of bandits in 1921 (food procurement agent T.Ya. Yudison and people's judge Ya.P. Yashin). Architectural monuments: the noble estate of the Ustinovs on the high shore of Lake Zaton with a park stretching towards Khopr (a two-story brick house and an outbuilding from the 19th - early 20th centuries have been preserved). The estate was turned into a holiday home; its appearance was distorted by later outbuildings of the holiday home. Koumiss clinic (late 19th century) was located on the estate. The son of the owner of the estate, Alexey Mikhailovich Ustinov (September 17, 1879, the village of Bekovo - September 26, 1937, Tallinn) - a participant in the revolutionary movement since 1901, a member of the Constituent Assembly, a former Socialist Revolutionary, then began to support the Bolsheviks, was the leader of the Party that broke away from the Left Socialist Revolutionaries revolutionary communists, who in 1920 became part of the RCP (b); in 1917-20, a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, then in diplomatic work: in the USSR embassy in Germany, Greece, Georgia, and Estonia. On the southern outskirts - archaeological site 2nd half of the 2nd millennium BC e. (Bronze Age, Timber culture).

Population: 1745 – 400, 1859 – 1998, 1887 – 1354, 1897 – 2775, 1911 – 1456, 1926 – 2874, 1933 – 3129, 1939 – 4004, 1959 – 4545, 1970 – 45 87, 1979 – 4465, 1989 – 7301, 1998 – 7300 inhabitants.

Literature:
1. Apukhtina O.I., Poluboyarov M.S., Bekovo / Penza Encyclopedia. M.: Scientific publishing house "Big Russian Encyclopedia", 2001, p. 47.
2. Proceedings of the Saratov Scientific Archival Commission. T. 4. Saratov, 1893.
3. Commercial and industrial Russia. St. Petersburg, 1899.
4. With love for nature; Antonov I.S., Antonov E.I. Monuments of nature and architecture in Bekovo. Penza, 1982.
5. Political figures of Russia. Biographical Dictionary. M., 1993, pp. 328-329 (about A.M. Ustinov).
6. Apukhtina O.I. Origins. – “Communist” (Bekovo), 1987, July 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, August 6, 13, 20, September 5, 24, October 22.
7. Kondrashkin (Kanin) V. His name is kept by Bekovo: (Prince Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky). – “Sura”, 1996, No. 4.
8. Poluboyarov M.S. - http://suslony.ru, 2007.

On September 13, 2011, the chairman of the Penza regional branch of the Russian Geographical Society, Igor Vladislavovich Pantyushov, and Olga Mikhailovna Ilyina, a member of the Academic Council of the Penza Russian Geographical Society, visited a wonderful corner of the Penza province - the Bekovsky district.

A working meeting was held in the district administration building with the head of the Bekovo district administration, Oleg Nikolaevich Rachkov. Oleg Nikolaevich is a patriot of his small homeland. He knows the history, geography, and economy of his region well and gladly supported the idea of ​​creating a district branch of the Penza Russian Geographical Society in Bekovo.

At the meeting, prospects for cooperation with the administration of the Bekovsky district were discussed on issues of attracting the attention of people and authorities to important environmental issues, the study of history and geography native land, patriotic education of youth, development of education and spiritual culture.

After the conversation there was a study tour of Bekovo. We visited the regional museum of local lore, where people work - patriots of their region, who spoke with enthusiasm about the history of the village of Bekovo. Bekovo can be called one of the ancient settlements of the Penza Province, dating back to 1621. The history of the area is very rich and eventful. Among the many exhibits of the museum are fossil weapons, Bronze Age dishes, tools from the time of Emelyan Pugachev, and many other valuable artifacts.

Bekovskaya Land is rightfully proud of its six Heroes of the Soviet Union, whose bronze busts are installed in the memorial complex Military glory. The names of all fellow countrymen who laid down their lives in the Great Patriotic War are forever carved on the memorial plaques. Every third resident of the region did not return from the fields of that terrible war...

And so Bekovo. Historical area - Bekovshchina.

One part of the Bekovsky district geographically lies in the floodplain and above-floodplain terrace of the Khoper River, the other part is located on the Central Russian plateau elevated plain.

In Russian history, the first mention of a settlement on the site of Bekovo dates back to 1621. It is generally accepted that the history of the village should begin in 1671 - the opening of a church parish. A church parish could not arise out of nowhere, and long before its appearance there was a settlement of peasants on the banks of the Khopr. Ancient name his - Lakes indicates that the settlement arose on the shores of the lake. The remains of the lake, already in the form of a swamp, were noticeable even in the second half of the 20th century next to railway station. Ozery was one of the settlements founded by Russian peasants of the Shatsk district, who hunted along the banks of the Medveditsa and Khoper rivers, after the Volga region became part of the Moscow state. At that time, dense forests grew along Khopr.

IN early XIX century (around 1813), the owner of the village became the court councilor, a native of the merchant class, Mikhail Adrianovich Ustinov, who in 1821 brought his family into the third part of the noble family tree. The further history of the village is inextricably linked with the noble family of Ustinov and in particular with the fourth son of M.A. Ustinov - Adrian Mikhailovich Ustinov (1802-1883), who made a huge contribution to the socio-economic development of the village.


Thanks to the efforts of our fellow countryman Adrian Ustinov, the village of Bekovo gained all-Russian fame as one of the most remarkable villages of the Russian Empire.

Adrian Mikhailovich Ustinov was Bekov's landowner for 53 years (from 1830 to 1883). He was a representative of the noble family of the Ustinovs, included in the III part of the noble genealogy book of the Saratov province. According to his convictions, A.M. Ustinov was a liberal. From 1819 to 1829 he served in the Asian Department and Archive of the Collegium (Ministry) of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire. Resigned with the rank of collegiate adviser. Was closely acquainted with many famous people during the reign of Alexander I. Surname A.M. Ustinova appeared in investigative cases against the Decembrists. However, due to the lack of solid evidence of involvement in secret societies, Ustinov was not arrested. In the personal archive of A.M. Ustinov preserved documents on the history of the Decembrist movement; he also financially helped one of the Decembrists, F.F. Vadkovsky is in exile.

A.M. Ustinov was a good friend of A.S. Pushkin. Adrian Mikhailovich met the great poet in February 1831. In 1833, returning to St. Petersburg from the Orenburg province, where he collected material for the history of the Pugachev rebellion, A.S. Pushkin visited Ustinov at Bekov’s estate. A.M. Ustinov left the warmest memories of his contemporaries, and his architectural heritage is still pleasing to the eye.

Bekovo at that time was a rich and prosperous urban-type settlement, where many merchants and artisans lived. Bekov's fairs were famous throughout the Empire, and Khoper was navigable! To this day, if you drive through the village, you can see many brick buildings from the 19th century.

Unique preserved architectural monument bygone era. This is the “Gothic” estate of the Ustinovs. The Ustinov estate occupied a third of the village of Bekovo. The estate had 5 stone residential buildings, a garden, a greenhouse, a stone storage room, a two-story wooden grain barn, a wooden poultry yard, two stone stable yards, and a stone sawmill. There was a water-powered flour mill on Khopra. On the Ustinov estate they cultivated grains, cereals, and flax. At their own distilleries they produced alcohol that was sold to the state. Almost two dozen acres were occupied by an apple orchard. The estate had a dairy herd of Simmental mestizos, flocks of sheep, and a herd of horses.

The Barsky residential estate was located in the southeastern part of the village near the Khopra oxbow (bay) and stretched along the shore narrow strip, having a width of no more than 150 meters and a length of about a kilometer. The area of ​​the estate was no more than 10-13 acres. The estate was surrounded by a fence. In the north-eastern corner of the estate, near the river, there was the Church of the Intercession with a bell tower. Next to the church there was a cemetery where the Ustinovs were buried (it is quite possible that the grave of Adrian Mikhailovich Ustinov was also located here.)

On the opposite northwestern side of the greenery of the park rose as if medieval castle, stone house in pseudo-Gothic style. Between " gothic castle" and the Pokrovsk Church there were three stone wings, forming something like the letter P, but with passages between them.


In the 1830s, these outbuildings were remodeled and in their place appeared the luxurious “Mirror” Palace, which burned to the ground in the early 20s of the 20th century.

Over time, the area of ​​the Ustinovs’ residential estate turned out to be semi-surrounded by rural buildings, a large market area and station buildings and the village formed after A.M. Ustinov of a small railway line connecting the village of Bekovo with the Vertunovka station.


Currently, the Ustinovs' estate has been preserved in a reconstructed form." gothic castle"and a fence. The Church of the Intercession was destroyed in 1934, and a quarter of a century later the cemetery was razed to the ground. The park was neglected. The territory of the Ustinov estate is now occupied by a nursing home. A sad all-Russian reality.

There is an interesting article about Bekovo, “Echoes of a Glorious Past.”
"Bekovo, in appearance, does not at all fit the usual type of our villages. In its significance and in its lively life, Bekovo surpasses Serdobsk, the historian N.F. Khovansky reported in his “Essay on the Saratov Province”. “Near the village itself there is a charming estate of the local landowner Ustinov, washed by Khopr.”
St. Petersburg merchant M.A. Ustinov (1755-1836) acquired the Bekovo estate on the low and marshy left bank of the Khoper around 1810. During the flood, the river here reached a width of up to eight miles and even became navigable. The Saratov Museum of Local History houses a romantic landscape with clouds running across the sky, painted by an unknown artist of the first half of the 19th century. Behind wide river we see a real palace with a colonnade along the entire facade and a six-column portico slightly extended in the center. To the right and a little further away, the tall stone Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary is clearly visible. This temple, like many others, was destroyed in the 1930s.
The estate was also damaged. By some miracle, the “Cabinet of Solitary Reflections,” a castle house in the pseudo-Gothic style, survived in the park, although it was thoroughly rebuilt.
The now destroyed Bekov church is also decorated with another landscape from the collection of the Radishchev Museum. It is possible that both paintings were painted by the same local artist, commissioned by the owner of the estate.
Under M.A. Ustinov, a rich and zealous owner, stables and wine cellars, cellars and greenhouses, and a mill on Khopra were built on the estate. Judging by the appearance of the peasant houses in the painting by an unknown artist, the ordinary inhabitants of the village also lived quite well. Sheep and horses were raised in Bekovo, and wheat, rye, oats, and millet were sown in the surrounding fields. The mood of the local market was always noted as lively. Every year from September 25 to October 2, the village hosted a lively Pokrovskaya Fair. Presumably, during the fair, in the fall of 1833, A.S. Pushkin visited the Bekovo estate. The poet was then returning from a trip to the sites of the Pugachev rebellion and may have made several pencil drawings in Bekovo. Pushkin was friends with one of the sons of the estate’s organizer, Adrian Mikhailovich Ustinov (1802-1883). After graduating from Moscow University, Ustinov served in the Asian Department of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. After retiring, he settled in Bekovo. Adrian Mikhailovich played the cello superbly, was fond of home floriculture, and loved horses and hunting. His friends and neighbors on the estate were brothers N.I. and S.I. Krivtsov, B.N. Chicherin. The owners of Bekov were related to the Stolypins and Shcherbatovs.
At the end of A.M. Ustinov’s life, a kumis treatment institution was opened in the village, a two-class public school operated, and since 1880 a library was opened with private funds.
After the revolution, part of the Ustinov family archive, several paintings and two porcelain vases made in Germany were taken from Bekov to Saratov and Penza. Everything else is lost.
Lyudmila Pashkova, Elena Savelyeva"

From the website of the Radishchev Museum.