Tsemes Bay is a natural harbor located in the northeast of the Black Sea coast. In the northwestern part of the bay there is the hero city of Novorossiysk and sea ​​port. This is the second most important bay in the Russian Federation after Sevastopol. Piers, piers, breakwaters, factories, cargo, commercial and military ships - all this makes the bay unattractive resort point vision. However, the bay is extremely interesting for its history and natural features.

Tsemes Bay is formed by the Sudzhuk Spit and Cape Doob. In the west of the bay is the Abrau Peninsula, in the east - the Markhot Range. Length coastline is 15 km, the bay protrudes into the land for 7 km.


The entrance to Tsemes Bay is wide - 9 km, the width in the middle part is 4.6 km

Maximum depth bays - 27 meters. However, the passage of ships is complicated by the reefs bordering the shores, the Penai Banks (shoals at the entrance with a depth of 5-6 meters), as well as the remains of sunken ships.


When passing through Tsemes Bay, ships must be guided by a navigational guide, taking into account all navigational hazards

The water temperature in winter does not drop below +5, making the bay navigable throughout the year. But from November to March the bay is subject to Nord-Ostam (Boram), when the wind speed can reach 40 m/s, and the sea state can reach 12 points. Bora (“boreh”) – cold North wind. Such winds usually form in regions where warm seas are adjacent to low mountain ranges. In Novorossiysk this is the Markhotsky ridge or the Varada ridge. Residents of Novorossiysk can predict the imminent appearance of bora by the thick clouds on the mountain tops, which are called “beards”. Boron contributes to a sharp drop in temperature, the formation of an ice crust and sometimes the appearance of tornadoes. During the bora, ships go out to the open sea or sit at anchor in the calm waters of the neighboring village of Yuzhnaya Ozereevka, 12 km from Novorossiysk. Such pine forests are observed on the banks Adriatic Sea Balkan Peninsula, on Novaya Zemlya, on the shores of Lake Baikal.


View of Tsemes Bay and Mount Koldun along the M-4 highway from Gelendzhik towards Novorossiysk

Descriptions of the bora in Novorossiysk in K. Paustovsky’s story “The Black Sea”:

“Our sailors first learned what the Black Sea bora was in 1848. This was ten years after the foundation of the Novorossiysk fortification on the shore of Tsemes Bay, at the foot of the dark and treeless mountains.”

“How does bora begin? White patches of clouds appear over the bare ridge of Varad. They look like torn cotton wool. The clouds roll over the ridge and fall towards the sea, but never reach it. Halfway up the mountain slope they disappear into thin air.”

“The first gusts of wind hit the decks of ships. Tornadoes rise into the sea. The wind quickly gains full strength, and after two or three hours a fierce hurricane is already lashing from the mountains to the bay and the city. It raises water in the bay and carries it in showers onto houses. The sea is bubbling, as if trying to explode. The wind throws heavy stones, throws freight trains down slopes, rolls iron roofs into thin tubes, shakes the walls of houses.”

Why Tsemesskaya?

It is named after the river Tsemes (Tsemez) of the same name, which flows into the bay. The source of the river is located on the northeastern slope of Gudzeva (425.6 m). From Adyghe “cemez” means “forest of insects”, “rotten forest”. In the Natukhai dialect it is also translated as “forest with a lot of insects.”

The river flows through the industrial part of the city of Novorossiysk and flows into the bay in the Tsemes Grove area. The river was navigable until 1921, when the forest along the mountain slopes was cut down.

Admiral Serebryakov embankment along the western shore of Tsemes Bay. Named in honor of the first governor-general of the city - Admiral Lazar Markovich Serebryakov (1792-1862)

Sugar loaf and cement factories

If you are in Novorossiysk, you may hear about Sugarloaf. This is the most high point Markotkhsky ridge (558 m), so named because of its cone-shaped shape. By the way, the characteristic peak in Rio de Janeiro is also called Sugarloaf.


View of the Markotkhsky ridge, quarries and cement plant from the Novorossiysk embankment

Height Markotkh ridge ranges from 400 to 800 meters above sea level, it is composed of sedimentary rocks of the Cretaceous period. The name of the ridge comes from the Adyghe “markotkh”, which translates as “blackberry places”. There really are a lot of berries here, however, the main “wealth” is not blackberries, but marl, which is used for the production of high-strength cement. Therefore, the slopes of the ridge are disfigured by marl quarries, and Sugarloaf “melts” every year. At the foot there are cement factories, which does not add to the ecology of Novorossiysk.

Wrecks

Tsemes Bay has gained notoriety due to events related to the loss of ships and a number of anomalous phenomena. Many people call the bay the “Bermuda Triangle of the Black Sea”, where ships, divers and divers are drawn. According to one version, the bay is a crater of a cooled volcano, and therefore magnetic anomalies occur during tectonic activity and earthquakes. These phenomena are also associated with the presence of iron ores at the bottom of Tsemes Bay. According to another version, there is nothing anomalous in the bay, and all incidents are associated only with high shipping traffic. Divers still find wrecks of ancient ships in the bay.

When mentioning Tsemes Bay, they first of all remember the event of June 1918, when a squadron of ships of the Black Sea Fleet was scuttled in order to avoid its capture by the Germans. On the 12th kilometer of the Sukhumi highway above Tsemes Bay in 1980, in memory of this tragic event, an ensemble was erected "In memory of the sunken ships of the Black Sea Fleet". A 12-meter granite kneeling sailor with the inscription: “To the sailors of the revolution” is facing the Tsemes Bay. On the contrary, on observation deck there is granite "Cube-sight", symbolizing a sinking ship.


Inside the cube made of colored glass and metal is a flag signal that was raised on all sunken ships: “I’m dying, but I’m not giving up.”

There is an inscription on the cube: “On June 18, 1918, in Tsemes Bay, in the name of the Revolution, courageous Black Sea sailors sank warships so that they would not fall to the Kaiser’s Germany.” On the other side: “In view of the hopelessness of the situation, proven by the highest military authorities, the fleet should be destroyed immediately. Prev. SNK V. Ulyanov (Lenin).” There is a composition along the edge "Silhouettes of sunken ships" with a picture (where known) and the name of each ship, the direction and distance to the place of its sinking. In the 1920s, some of the sunken ships were raised and restored.

View of Cape Doob and resort village Kabardinka from the monument to sunken ships


Somewhere there, under the surface of the water, lie the remains of ships

Tsemes Bay is a small part of the Black Sea near Novorossiysk, separated from the winds and open waters by land. It got its name from the Tsemes River carrying its waters; it is a unique natural structure that combines two functions at once - practical and aesthetic. Considered one of the main ways of connecting the district center with the outside world, it is rightfully considered the largest repository of the city’s monuments.

Where is Tsemes Bay?

Its location is the northeast of the Black Sea region. Closest to her settlements In addition to Novorossiysk, there are Myskhako and Kabardinka.

On the map Tsemes Bay is located as follows:

Historical facts and legends

Tsemes Bay has always been valued by the Russian fleet - it is the largest harbor in terms of military importance after Sevastopol, on the Crimean peninsula. It became part of the Russian Empire only in 1829, having been given to the state as a reward for victory in the war with the Ottoman Turks.

Since then, it has been actively exploited: from March to October, ships of various sizes and purposes - from military to commercial - ply along it, serving the needs of Novorossiysk. This harbor does not freeze even in winter, but in the cold months it is dominated by winds: storms can be so strong that sailors do not risk setting sail during this period.

The length of the coastline of Tsemes Bay is 15 km, it is formed from the west by the Abrau Peninsula, from the north-west by the island, and in the east is the village of Kabardinka. The maximum depth of the local waters is 27 m, an impressive figure that makes it possible for even ocean liners to enter here.

Myths and legends

Hunters of paranormal phenomena and seekers of anomalous zones all over the planet have long given this unique natural attraction its own name - Russian Bermuda Triangle. In 1917, it was here that the new government of the country decided to sink more than a dozen ships, organizing a kind of ship graveyard against the enemy.


Interestingly, none of the numerous ships were subsequently found: many times divers dived to the bottom, but did not find any large ship parts, with the exception of their wreckage. Since then, the bay has entailed a series of tragic events, increasing the underwater cemetery. And many claim that they saw a ghost ship here: the vision appears at dusk, when fog falls on the ground.

Local residents are sure that the mystical ship is the Admiral Nakhimov, which sank in 1986 as a result of a collision with another ship. At one time, the tragedy caused a lot of noise; mystics associated this catastrophe with the bad reputation of the area. And now the cruiser is forced to travel along its route again and again, transporting people who have long been no longer in the world of the living.

Tsemes Bay: sightseeing tour

Tsemes Bay is not only a place with rich history and a major port, but also a real cluster of monuments and attractions. A walk along the coastline will give a tourist many wonderful hours and even days: it is not possible to cover all 15 km in 24 hours.

At the entrance to Novorossiysk there is a Monument to the Sailors of the Revolution. Opened in 1980, it was supposed to become part of an entire complex dedicated to the heroes of the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War. But funding for the project stopped; only this memorial sign was completed. It is magnificent: 12 m in height, the memorial depicts a kneeling sailor, bowing his head in a moment of mourning for his fallen comrades. In one hand he holds his own cap, and in the other, the headdress of a comrade who did not return from battle, carefully pressing everything that is left of him to his heart. The composition is incredibly touching; many cry when they look at it more closely.

If you cross the road, you will come to a large observation deck, offering a magnificent view of the sea: here you will get breathtaking panoramic photos, Tsemes Bay – beautiful place. There is also an original “Cube-visor” sign, made in memory of the ships that sank in the harbor. Such an abstract interpretation of the tragedy makes it even more attractive; you want to stop and admire it longer.

One of the most interesting excursions here is a visit. In the middle of the 20th century, the ship took part in hostilities in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, traveled to the shores of Egypt and Syria. Thanks to technical specifications, ahead of most ships of those years, it entered the TOP 10 best of its time. But time makes itself felt: the cruiser no longer plows the seas, but gives every visitor a chance to get to know maritime affairs better and learn about great history Russia over the last 100 years. More than 200 m long and 20 m wide, it has preserved unique reminders of the past on board. Having bought a ticket for a symbolic price, a tourist receives fascinating information and a walk on the sea on a legendary ship.

Naval glory of the city-city

Another magnificent example of majestic sculpture is the Sea Glory stele. The authors - Suvorov and Apollonov - put all their strength and talent into it. Overall height– 7.5 m, because of this it had to be created not entirely, but in particles: the first to cast was the figure of a girl-angel, under whose feet the entire planet is located, in her hands she holds a sailboat, protecting the ship from misfortunes and troubles. Then a granite column was erected, on which a figure was placed, visible long before entering Tsemes Bay. The sailors, having seen the monument, unmistakably determine that they have arrived in the glorious hero city of Novorossiysk.

It’s also interesting to walk around: among the huge dry cargo ships with multi-ton cargo, unprecedented equipment and human bustle, you feel like just a grain of sand. Due to its size, the port is divided into four areas: military, passenger, oil and cargo. Only the passenger part is accessible for inspection, but with proper dexterity you can get into the other departments.

- a monumental sculpture in the form of a warship with sailors preparing to go into battle. Right inside there is a museum containing bas-relief portraits of heroes of the Soviet Union.

How to get there (get there)?

Getting to the harbor is not difficult - many transport routes running between Novorossiysk and Gelendzhik go near it. City minibuses and buses also approach it.

From the center of Novorossiysk you can get to Tsemes Bay like this:

Note to tourists

Tsemes Bay is rightfully glorified and recognized as unique; it is not for nothing that Novorossiysk considers it its main breadwinner. It is thanks to her that he keeps in touch with the outside world. Through the efforts of the authorities, it has turned into a real multi-kilometer attraction, which is worth visiting for every tourist. beautiful city, whose history has seen many both glorious and tragic days. Finally, watch the video about it.

Tsemes Bay (or Novorossiysk) is located in the north of the Black Sea coast, and received its name from the Tsemes River, which flows into it.

The length of Tsemes Bay is 15 kilometers, the width at its entrance is nine, and the depth ranges between 21 and 27 meters. The entrance to the bay is limited from the north-western part by the island of Sudzhuk, and from the south-eastern part - by Cape Doob. In the north-west of the bay there is a seaport and the city of Novorossiysk, from which the second name of the reservoir comes.

In the eastern part of Novorossiysk Bay there is the village of Kabardinka, which is subordinate to the administration of Gelendzhik. On August 31, 1986, a collision occurred here between the ferry Admiral Nakhimov and the bulk carrier Pyotr Vasev. A year later, at the site of the accident, on Cape Doob, a sign was erected - a tribute to the memory of the deceased crew members and passengers.

Tsemes Bay

Tsemes Bay (Novorossiysk Bay) is a bay in the northern part of the Russian Black Sea coast. It got its name from the Tsemes River flowing into it. Length 15 km, width at the entrance 9 km, in the middle part 4.6 km, depth 21-27 m , which allows any oceangoing vessels to enter the bay.

In the northwestern part of the bay is the hero city of Novorossiysk.


Tsemes Bay is a water area that is now occupied by one of the largest sea trading ports of the Black Sea and Russia in general. The bay washes the shores of the hero city of Novorossiysk.
If you find yourself in this wonderful town, just come to the embankment and enjoy the grandeur of the port. Also every half hour in the summer, pleasure boats depart from the central embankment. An hour-long trip around the bay is very affordable - 200 rubles. per person, so I advise
Novorossiysk is a port of world significance, which is why you can meet ships from all over the world here. Here, for example, straight from Panama, unloaded near the administrative building of the organization

These are the pleasure boats

And this is the edge of a bunna (breakwater) with a lighthouse at the end. They are built in order to protect ships from storms, which are so frequent in these places in the autumn-winter period

Three red and white pipes near the mountain are another cement plant, of which there are more than enough in the Novorossiysk region

As you have probably already noticed, the mountains around these factories have a rather modified topography. There's no escape - the main raw material comes from them

In the lower right corner between the mountains there is the resort village of Kabardinka, administratively belonging to the Novorossiysk region

The oil loading part is also present here and is located at the edge of the port

This is what a floating crane looks like

Warships sail here constantly

Not far from the Sudzhuk Spit there is a panoramic view of the city itself. And this memorial dedicated to the Great Patriotic War is called “Malaya Zemlya”. Inside the museum, quite popular place among tourists from neighboring cities

Novorossiysk

Location of the city. Climatic features. Short story cities.
        The city of Novorossiysk is located like an amphitheater on the shore of Tsemes Bay, one of the most convenient and extensive on the Black Sea. Novorossiysk occupies 834.9 square kilometers of area. Novorossiysk is inhabited by about 220,000 inhabitants.
        Novorossiysk is an industrial city and the most major port in Russian Black Sea coast. Administratively, the villages of Abrau-Dyurso, Gaiduk, Verkhnebakansky, Gorny, Myskhako, Tsemdolina, Borisovka, as well as the villages of Natukhaevskaya and Raevskaya, united in the Primorsky District, are subordinate to Novorossiysk. In Myskhako there is a winery that produces wonderful wines: Chardonnay, Cabernet, Aligote and others. Young wines are quite inexpensive and quite accessible, while aged vintage wines increase in price greatly, but they find their buyer.
        Novorossiysk itself is not a resort, because filled with industrial enterprises and has a huge port complex. There is a huge oil terminal in Novorossiysk. The port of Novorossiysk provides loading of grain and other cargo. In Novorossiysk, many kilometers of KamAZ trucks loaded with grain, waiting to be unloaded at the port, have already become a common occurrence. Due to the uncertain situation of Sevastopol, a naval base is being built in Novorossiysk. Some ships of the Black Sea Fleet are already based in Novorossiysk. Driving along Tsemes Bay towards Gelendzhik and looking down you can see warships at the piers. But the construction of the naval base is still far from complete. The industry of Novorossiysk is mainly represented by cement factories. Cement production is one of the few that remained afloat after the start of reforms in the 90s.
        Resort areas with convenient beaches and many recreation centers are located near Novorossiysk - in the area of ​​Shirokaya Balka, Sukhaya Shchel, the villages of Durso and Yuzhnaya Ozereevka. From the northeast, the city is bordered by the Markotkhsky ridge (translated from the Adyghe dialects “markotkh” means “blackberry mountains”). Mountain peaks rise to a height of up to 700 meters, but this is not enough to protect the city from cold northern winds. Average annual temperature air temperature in Novorossiysk is +12.5 degrees. In summer, temperatures often rise to 40 degrees. Sea breeze barely moderates the heat. In winter, a powerful north-east wind (north-east), which is often called the “Novorossiysk forest”, breaks down from the nearby mountains and powerfully hits the city and Tsemes Bay. At this time, ships are forced to leave the port and wait out bad weather on the open sea. The nature in the vicinity of Novorossiysk is quite diverse. On the slopes of the mountains grow juniper, butcher's broom, blackthorn, ivy, pistachio, sessile oak, dogwood, mackerel, and euonymus. In the mountain forests there are wild boar, roe deer, marten, badger, jackal, hedgehog, Mediterranean tortoise, and steppe eagle. Cormorants, coots, grebes, teals, terns live near the sea, and mute swans spend the winter. In Novorossiysk on Sovetov street, 58 it works historical Museum, where various exhibitions on the history and nature of the Novorossiysk region are presented. (t.23-00-00)
        Back in the 6th century BC. On the shore of Tsemes Bay, the Greeks founded the ancient colony of Bati. In the XIV-XV centuries, the Genoese built a fortress at the mouth of the Tsemes River. Under the Genoese, the bay bore the name Kalo Limeno ("Beautiful Harbor"). In 1722 on south coast The Turkish fortress Sujuk-Kale arose from the bay. After the end of the next Russian-Turkish war in 1829, according to the Treaty of Adrianople, Turkey ceded its rights to East Coast Black Sea from to the borders of Abkhazia. On September 12, 1838, Russian troops landed in Sudzhuk (Tsemes) Bay and the construction of a fortification began, which later received the name Novorossiysk. The naval part of the operation was led by the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Vice Admiral M.P. Lazarev. The landing force of more than five thousand people was led by the head of the first section of the Black Sea coastline, Lieutenant General N.N. Raevsky. His staff included the headquarters officer for the movement and operation of naval detachments on the eastern shore of the Black Sea, Rear Admiral L.M. Serebryakov, the future builder of Novorossiysk.
        In his report to Nicholas I dated September 15, 1838, the commander of the Black Sea squadron, Admiral M.P. Lazarev, noted the “convenience of the location” of the bay. He recognized the very structure of the pier for ships as “more convenient than in Gelendzhik.” On January 14, 1839, the fortification in Sudzhuk Bay was given the name Novorossiysk, and on December 15, 1846, the fortification was transformed into a city. Its main advantage, which predetermined its further development, was the convenient, largest in the Caucasus, ice-free Tsemes Bay. But, time passed and the strengthening of Russia on the Black Sea shores excited the mistress of the seas, England and her allies. As a result, English and French troops landed near Sevastopol and this war was called the Crimean War. In 1855, during this war, Novorossiysk was fired upon by an Anglo-French squadron for four days and returned fire. Only the return fire of the artillery batteries of Novorossiysk did not allow the enemy to land troops. The Anglo-French squadron went to sea having suffered losses and damaged ships. However, as a result of the war, Russian troops were forced to abandon the fortifications on the Black Sea. By order of the command, the garrison leaves the city, and the residents are resettled in the Kuban villages. In 1858, a decision was made to restore the fortifications and the garrison returned to Novorossiysk. In March 1866, Novorossiysk became the center of the Black Sea District. The first major building in the city was a cement plant, which was built in 1882. In 1888 he came to Novrossiysk Railway and as a result, construction of the port and elevator begins. With the construction of the port, the export of grain abroad from the Don, Volga region, Kuban and Stavropol region increases. In 1887, construction of the Novorossiysk-Sukhumi highway began. In Russia at that time there was a crop failure, famine and workers willingly went to construction. But the food supply during construction was not much better and this road was often called the “hungry highway.” Despite all the difficulties, the road is more than 500 km in five years. was built, which had a great economic effect. In 1896, the Black Sea District was transformed into the Black Sea Governorate with its center in Novorossiysk. At the end of the 19th century, attempts were made to organize a resort in Novorossiysk. Dmitry Serafimov’s bathhouse appears in Novorossiysk. The bathhouse was wooden structure with a roof and small windows. The bathhouse was located on stilts far from the shore. The bathhouse had 80 rooms and had heated baths sea ​​water, therapeutic mud. There was also a healing room there mineral water and, in addition, a restaurant with a buffet. The example turned out to be contagious and other baths soon began to appear. In 1904, the Novorossiysk Resort partnership appeared. The resort business developed and in 1910 the Black Sea Express train was launched on the route St. Petersburg - Novorossiysk, via Moscow. The train ran year-round and included carriages of different classes and a dining car. Express cars were delivered directly to the pier, where transit passengers could travel further to Tuapse, Sochi, Gagra and other settlements.
        The first Russian revolution of 1905-1907 also affected Novorossiysk. Rallies, strikes, and demonstrations took place here. From December 11 to December 25, 1905, power in the city belonged to the Council of Workers' Deputies. This period was called in history the “Novorossiysk Republic”. By 1914 the city became a large industrial and shopping center North Caucasus and has a population of about 63,000 people. During the Civil War and intervention in Tsemes Bay, the Black Sea Fleet was forced to scuttle. If you drive along the Novorossiysk-Sukhumi highway, then along the road, on the shore of Tsemes Bay, there is a monument to these events. On memorial sign inscription “On June 18, 1918, in Tsemes Bay, in the name of the revolution, courageous Black Sea sailors sank warships so that they would not fall to the Kaiser’s Germany.” To this day, warships of the Black Sea Fleet rest at the bottom of Tsemes Bay.

        After the events of 1917 and the end of the Civil War, Novorossiysk continued its development as a port and industrial center. During the Great Patriotic War, the city found itself in the center of battles and was almost completely destroyed.
        At the end of the summer of 1942, German and Romanian troops strive to break through to the Caucasus. Mountains cover the access to the Black Sea. The enemy is trying to reach the Caucasus coast through a narrow strip along the sea. Novorossiysk turns out to be a traffic jam for German troops. In the area of ​​cement factories, the front stabilizes for a long time. Traces of the battles can still be seen when driving to the resorts of Gelendzhik. The front line was on the eastern outskirts of the city. And, the heroic landing of Major Caesar Kunikov’s detachment on the legendary and subsequent defense, which lasted 225 days, went down in history.
        The development of the city continued in the post-war period. In 1964, the country's largest oil harbor, Sheskharis, was put into operation. The deep-water berth is capable of receiving tankers with a capacity of up to 250,000 tons.
        A powerful impetus for the development of the city was the creation in Novorossiysk maritime shipping company, which included the country's largest tanker fleet.
        In September 1973, Novorossiysk was awarded the title of Hero City.
        Until the 70s, Novorossiysk had very big problems with water supply. Novorossiysk does not have its own water supply sources and water was transported to Novorossiysk by tankers from Tuapse. There were queues for water. It was decided to build a water pipeline on the Black Sea coast. The current State Unitary Enterprise "Troitsky Group Water Pipeline" was organized on the basis of the decision of the Krasnodar Regional Executive Committee dated July 28, 1971 No. 497 and the order of the Kraiuprkomkhoz dated August 10, 1971 No. 161 "On the creation of the production department of the Troitsk Group Water Pipeline."
        The purpose of creating TGV was the extraction of fresh groundwater economic and industrial water supply to the cities of Novorossiysk, Krymsk, Gelendzhik and the adjacent resort area of ​​the Black Sea coast.
        After the arrival of fresh water in Novorossiysk, a monument was built on the embankment of Tsemes Bay. In 2006, the monument was restored.
        In 2004, a monument to the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Leonid Berzhnev was erected in the center of Novorossiysk. Representatives of the city administration, a delegation from Ukraine and veterans of the Great Patriotic War took part in the opening of the monument. The monument, about two meters high, was made by sculptor Alexander Bugaev. The sculpture was called "Man Walking Through the City." The Soviet leader is represented with a cloak slung over his shoulder. This is the second monument to Brezhnev in the former USSR. The idea of ​​installing the monument belongs to the mayor of Novorossiysk D. Shishov. The installation of the monument was timed to coincide with the anniversary of the liberation of the city from German-Romanian troops on September 16. As you know, the former leader of the Soviet Union fought in these places and did not forget Novorossiysk after the war.
        Now, despite the existing problems, the city of Novorossiysk is developing, the reconstructed embankment has become more beautiful, modern buildings, the port’s turnover and orders for cement industry products are growing.