Osh, Kyrgyzstan

Time and time zones

The length of an earthly day is determined by the time it takes the Earth to rotate around its axis, and is 24 hours. Local solar time corresponds to the apparent position of the Sun and is constantly changing due to the rotation of the Earth. When moving from west to east by 15° longitude, local solar time increases by 1 hour.

Formal language is used in everyday life local time, which is different from the solar one. The entire surface of the Earth is divided into time zones (in other terminology - time zones). Within the same time zone, the same time is used. The boundaries of time zones, as a rule, coincide with interstate or administrative boundaries. The time difference between adjacent time zones is usually one hour, although in some cases the time in adjacent time zones differs by two hours, 30 or 45 minutes.

For most countries in the world, the entire territory of the country is within the same time zone. The territory of countries that extend from west to east over a considerable distance, such as Russia, USA, Canada, Brazil and a number of others, is usually divided into several time zones. The exception is China, throughout which Beijing time is used.

The reference point for determining the time zone offset is Coordinated Universal Time or UTC. UTC corresponds to the mean solar time at the prime or Greenwich meridian. Time zone offsets relative to UTC range from UTC-12:00 to UTC+14:00.

Almost all countries in Europe and North America, as well as a number of other countries, move their clocks forward an hour in the spring, to summer time, and in the fall - an hour back, to winter time. The offset of the respective time zones relative to UTC changes twice a year. In most countries of the world, the transition to summer and winter time is not practiced.

The Osh region was formed not too long ago - in 1939, and today it is one of the administrative units of Kyrgyzstan. What is remarkable about this territory and this region? Let's get curious.

History of settlements

Once upon a time, even before the 10th century, Indo-European tribes with Iranian roots lived on the very territory where the Osh region is currently located. Almost two-thirds of this population was assimilated into the Turkic environment during mass migrations in the 11th-16th centuries. As a result, the vast majority of settlers were Kyrgyz nomads, as well as Turkic peoples with Mongoloid influence engaged in cattle breeding. And Turkic farmers settled on the lands of the plains, and, in fact, it was from them that the Uzbek ethnic group was subsequently formed. Now in the region, in addition to the Kyrgyz (63.8%), who are the main population, there is a large share of Uzbeks (31.1%), and small nationalities such as Russians (1.3%), Uighurs (0.9 %), Turks (0.9%), Tajiks (0.5%), Tatars (0.6%) and other nationalities.

Mountainous terrain

Osh region has its own administrative center. This is the city of Osh. The northeastern part of the regional territory is located on the Fergana ridge of the Tien Shan spurs, and its southwestern part is located on the Turkestan, Trans-Alay and Alai ridges of the Pamir-Altai Mountains.

The territorial zone of the region includes such districts as Kara-Suu, Alai, Kara-Kuldzha, Nookat, Aravan, Uzgen and Chon-Alai. The Kara-Suu region also includes the Barak enclave, which has an area of ​​only 4 sq. km.

Climatic conditions

Osh region is a region with a sharply continental climate. Two large rivers- Karadarya and Naryn flow through the local territory. They meet and merge into a single stream, forming together the single Syrdarya River. The waters of all three streams are used to irrigate fields and also as a source of electricity at hydroelectric power plants.

The climate here in the winter is formed as a result of the influence of air masses coming from temperate latitudes, and in the summer from tropical masses formed over Central Asia. At an altitude of 600 to 1100 above sea level, a warm semi-desert climate prevails. Summer at altitudes is hot and dry. The temperature sometimes reaches 40°C. Winters here, unlike the cold plains, are short, with an average temperature of 3-4°C.

Kyrgyzstan according to the latest data

In 2017, Kyrgyzstan reached a population of 6 million 140.2 thousand people. According to official data, Osh region is the leader in terms of the number of citizens living on its territory. Kyrgyzstan in this region alone has a population of 1 million 287.5 thousand people. In second place is the Jalal-Abad region with the number of citizens 1 million 168.7 thousand, followed by Bishkek - 980.4 thousand. Chui region is in fourth place, 905.2 thousand.

The ranks of sparsely populated regions included Talas - 255.2 thousand and Naryn - 281 thousand inhabitants. A Batken and Issyk-Kul region surprised by their consistency of indicators. The first, as before, is home to 503.5 thousand people, the second - 476.8 thousand citizens.

By the way, do you know which region has enriched Kyrgyzstan with its six million inhabitants? The city of Osh is exactly in this administrative center On November 25, 2016, the “anniversary” citizen was born.

Osh region and the areas of its districts

The region itself covers an area of ​​29,200 sq/km. In addition to Osh, it includes 3 more cities. These are Kara Suu, whose area is 387 hectares, Uzgen - 9.2 sq. km, and Nookat - 3.26 sq. km. These cities belong to settlements directly under regional subordination. In addition to them, there are two more urban-type settlements, which are called Naiman and Sary-Tash, 79 villages and numerous villages of the Osh region, the number of which reaches 469 units.

The seven districts included in the region occupy the following areas: Alai - 7582 sq/km, Aravan - 1340 sq/km, Kara-Kuldzha - 5712 sq/km and Kara-Suu - 3616 sq/km, Nookat - 3179 sq/km, Uzgen - 3400 sq/km and Chon-Alai - 4860 sq/km.

Investment opportunities

It so happened historically that, first of all, the Osh region is an agricultural region. As a result, the greatest attention is paid to agriculture and the processing industry. The region hopes for mutually beneficial cooperation with Russia, for its help and support in the development of entrepreneurship, especially small and medium-sized businesses. Manufacturers really count on help in selling their own products.

Rich in development opportunities, the areas of this region represent ideal investment potential. For example, the high-mountainous Alai region has very significant reserves of land, water, energy and mineral resources, the development of which is beneficial for the development of the entire region and for those wishing to engage in business. Livestock farming is the most favorable area on which the economy of the region is primarily based.

In the depression

Nookat district, Osh region, hell The administrative center of which is the city of Nookat, was formed in 1928. On its territory there are also the town of Naiman and 16 rural districts. Above sea level, the center of this zone is at an altitude of approximately 1802 m and therefore a wide part of the territory is located in the Nookat depression. But in the west it lies in the Karavan-Kok-Jar depression. South part The area is occupied by the slopes of the Kichik-Alai ridge. Well, the mountainous area of ​​the valley is only 12%. The Abshir-Sai, Khoshchan, Kyrgyz-Ata, Shankol and Chile rivers flow through the area.

Industrial production in this area is represented by enterprises and production facilities in the woodworking, coal, light and food industries. Development is becoming more and more valuable ecological tourism. The Ak Tala tourist sites already operating in the Nookat region in the Kozho-Kelen Gorge and Abshir-Ata hospitably welcome tourists. The Sahoba Park, located in the town of Zhany Nookat, is also attractive for recreation.

Tempting business prospects

In the Aravan region, which is considered small in area, the leading industries are, nevertheless, the cultivation of cotton fiber and tobacco. These export-oriented products are cotton fiber and tobacco, which account for 70% of the total industry. Besides, local residents skillfully use favorable climatic conditions their region, because fruits and vegetables ripen here earlier than in any other regions.

Today, before cotton growers, tobacco growers and field farmers and other workers representing population of Osh region, The issue of product processing is acute. Selling not raw materials, but finished goods will allow you to make a good profit. And this is precisely what the regional leadership is trying to focus on.

For development

Environmentally friendly products are famous far beyond the borders of Kyrgyzstan; for example, such agricultural products as Alai and Nookat potatoes and Uzgen rice are well known. To date, more than two hundred major interstate agreements and treaties have been concluded between Russia and Kyrgyzstan. And if earlier the partnership was hampered by internecine turmoil in Kyrgyzstan (Tulip Revolution), now local population realized that only the brotherhood of peoples, mutual respect and cooperation will provide truly real chances for prosperity.

There is another factor that brings the Osh region and Russia closer together - labor migration. This fact is a product of the modern world that cannot be ignored. And why, because there are people to work at new enterprises. The largest in terms of labor resources is considered to be Osh region. Kyrgyzstan Today, it has thoroughly taken up the development of vocational education in the region, realizing the importance of its role.

Osh city

This city has become a major cultural, industrial and religious center of Kyrgyzstan. Osh is called the southern capital of the country. This city is very ancient, so it is replete with sights that are worth a look. Half of the population here are Uzbeks.

In terms of tourism, the city is extremely interesting. Osh region, districts , cities and towns throughout Kyrgyzstan are proud of the main attraction of Osh - Sulaiman-Too. This is a beautiful picturesque mountain, the slopes of which are decorated with many historical monuments. The Sulaiman-Too Museum-Reserve is the first facility in the country World Heritage UNESCO. There are two mosques here, Takhty Sulaiman and Rawat Abdullahan. Muslims have made pilgrimages here since the ancient Middle Ages. Here you can see the remains of ancient baths, mysterious caves, Babur’s house and rocks covered with ancient hieroglyphs.

Osh is also famous for its large number of religious buildings, which include the Church of the Archangel Michael, the Sheyit Debe Mosque, Acha Bazar, Shehid Deba, Sadyk Bay, Muhammad Yusuf Baizhodzhi-Ogly (1909). In addition, you will find here an 11th century mausoleum, the Great Silk Road museum complex, local history museum and the ruins of the Ak-Bura fortress. There are also modern creations, for example, a 24-meter monument to Manas (the country’s national hero), erected in 2012. The regional philharmonic and 2 theaters also provide the townspeople with a cultural modern life.

Conclusion

Osh region is a land rich in mineral resources. The traditions of the Great Silk Road still help the development of transport links today. Road transport in conditions mountainous terrain takes on special significance.The area has significant potential for attracting not only regional, but also international tourists and travelers. Here with Climbers, glider pilots, and mountain tourists who are attracted by the peaks of Pobeda and Lenin will find their highlight - these are seven-thousand-meter mountains that are considered difficult to climb. There are also the Pamir and Tien Shan mountain ranges. U base camps with excellent developed area services, helicopter flights have been established.

As you can see, the field of activity is huge, and the potential is quite large. Region from three thousand years of history and today it does not stand still.

In ancient times, knowing the exact time was not a daily need for humans. It was enough to determine the outcome of the day, and the main criterion for this was the position of the sun in the sky. The solar day begins exactly at noon, and this time is determined by the location of the shadows on the sundial. For many years and centuries, this method was the main one and was used to count days. But the development of society and technological progress inexorably began to require accurate knowledge of not only days, but also hours and minutes. After the sun clock, the hourglass appeared, and is now used to measure exact minutes during medical procedures and laboratory tests, as well as tower, table, wall, and wrist.

The need for accurate time in modern life.

Why you need to know exact time? IN modern world without this, the entire way of life would be disrupted, giving way to chaos and disorder. They would freeze transport system and industry, people would be late in educational establishments and to work. Buses, trains and planes fly according to a schedule tied to an exact time. Modern financial relationships, which include such a word as “delay”, cannot exist separately from accurate clock, minutes and seconds.

Time Zones

The territory of the earth is so vast that in one part globe the sun sets, and at the same time in another place people wake up under the rays of the rising star. To organize geographic distances relative to precise time, scientists came up with time zones. The earth's surface is theoretically divided into 24 such zones: according to the number of hours in a day. The conventional band is approximately 15°, and within this interval the time differs by an hour from the time of the neighboring ones, +/-. The countdown is based on the Greenwich meridian and this time is called “Greenwich Time” (GMT). Recently, they began to use a more advanced reference system - Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Exact time online

In Soviet times in Russia, the clock on the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin was the standard of time. They were the ones that were verified for accuracy, and all other clocks in the country, young and old, were measured against them. Today, the exact time with seconds can be found on specialized websites on the Internet, for which you just need to go to their pages. In this case, the exact time will change online, and you can easily navigate by time zones to find out what time it is this moment in Los Angeles, Moscow or Yekaterinburg.

The city of Osh is located in the foothills of the Tien Shan, it is one of the pearls of the Fergana Valley. Osh is called the southern capital of Kyrgyzstan. Scientists consider it the oldest Kyrgyz city; the first settlements were here 3,000 years ago, but the founding date of the city is considered to be the 9th century. The city infrastructure is well developed. There are many cozy hotels and guest houses in Osh; in restaurants and cafes you can eat tasty and not very expensive food. Air tickets to this city can be bought online on Tutu.ru.

The climate here is dry continental, characterized by warm summers, the average temperature is +25 - 26 degrees, and not cold winters with a temperature of -2 degrees.

The first meeting of arriving passengers with the city takes place at Osh Airport, one of the largest and modern airports in the Fergana Valley. It operates 24 hours a day and belongs to class “B”. During the year, up to 900 thousand people pass through the airport terminal. The infrastructure here is well developed, it includes: a mother and child room, a first-aid post where a pediatrician works, a playroom; a prayer room is equipped for believers; For the convenience of passengers, there are recreation areas, cafes and restaurants, and many shops. You can get to the city by bus, minibus or taxi in 20 minutes.

Prices for air tickets to Osh depend on the air carrier company, therefore, when planning a flight to Osh, choose the most convenient flights and reasonable prices.

Osh is a city with more than a thousand years of history, but it does not have a large number of historical monuments preserved, at the same time, this city is unique and cannot be confused with any other. Having visited Osh, you should get acquainted with at least some historical and natural monuments. Cheap plane tickets to Osh are selling like hot cakes.

In the center of the city rises Mount Suleiman Too - one of the main attractions of the city. It is an object of pilgrimage for Muslims. According to legend, the prophet Suleiman prayed here.

On the same mountain, in one of the caves, there is an ethnographic museum, another memorable place that is advisable to visit. Its exposition is dedicated to the life and everyday life of the population of the Fergana Valley.

In the vicinity of Osh there are many beautiful natural protected areas. One of the wonderful places is the Upshir-Ata Milk Waterfall. The spectacle it presents is simply fantastic: a milky-white stream flows from a narrow crevice and, falling from a height of 12 meters, flows into the Upshire-Say River.

Osh Bazaar is a place you can’t miss. Stretching for a kilometer along the river, it is a real oriental bazaar with its noise, color, and abundance of oriental goods.

Numerous legends connect the founding of the city with the names of Alexander the Great and the prophet Suleiman (Solomon).

Scientists are still arguing about the etymology of the city’s name and cannot come to a single solution that would suit them all. And this is due to the fact that its roots go very deep into centuries. Cult ministers naturally associate the origin of Osh with legends and, of course, associated with the biblical Sulaiman (King Solomon). So, one of the legends says that once the king was leading his army, and in front he was driving a pair of oxen with a plow. When the oxen reached the famous mountain, Solomon said: “Hosh!” (i.e. “pretty”). Therefore, some believe that this is how the name of the city came about. However, oddly enough, none of these legends explains either the origin of the city or the etymology of its name, but still testifies to the antiquity of the agricultural activities of the inhabitants of these places.

Thus, there is no doubt that Osh is the oldest city in Kyrgyzstan and one of the ancient urban centers of Central Asia. The written history of the city goes back over a thousand years, and archaeological finds, meanwhile, take the foundation of the city back 3 thousand years.

The emergence of Osh is associated with the settlement of ancient farmers of the Bronze Age, discovered on the southern slope of Suleiman Mountain, considered sacred since time immemorial and containing evidence of ancient cults of the Islamic period.

The further development of the city is connected with geographical location city, which is located in a fertile valley at the foot of the Pamirs, Pamir-Alai.

Due to its situational location, Osh was a crossing point on the trade caravan routes of antiquity and the Middle Ages from India and China to Europe. One of the branches of the Great Silk Road, which was the most important trade artery of antiquity, connecting the East with the West, passed here.

The trading city of Osh was very famous for its bazaars and caravanserais. And the main bazaar, located on the left bank of the Ak-Bura River, was a classic example of an eastern covered market - tim. For more than two thousand years, the main bazaar in Osh has been living its noisy and vibrant life, changing its buildings and expanding its boundaries, but still remaining in the same place, chosen in ancient times.

In ancient times, Osh was one of the religious Muslim centers of Central Asia. This is largely due to the Suleiman-Too mountain located on the territory of the city, which legends and folk tales endow with extraordinary power and the ability to heal any ailments of pilgrims.

In 1876, Osh was annexed to Russia after its preliminary conquest by the Khanate of Kokand. Since 1876, Osh has been a district city, and since 1939, the center of the Osh region in Kyrgyzstan.

Modern Osh is the industrial center of Kyrgyzstan. Here is located one of the largest cotton mills in Central Asia, a silk mill, enterprises in the construction industry, metalworking, mechanical engineering, enterprises in the light, food, and woodworking industries, and an airport.

Attractions

The most significant of the city’s religious buildings: the Alymbek Paravanchi Datka madrasah, the Mukhamedboy Turk Khal Muratbaev madrasah are magnificent examples of the Fergana architectural and construction school.

The city has many parks and historical and cultural monuments: Sadykbay Mosque, Shahid-Tepa Mosque, medieval bathhouse; memorial Complex"Evening Fire"; monuments: V.I. Lenin, Toktogul Satylganov, Abdykadyrov, Sultan Ibraimov, Orozbekov, Kurmanzhan-Datka, Alisher Navoi; Osh settlement: cave “Echo of Love”, grotto “ bird home»; most beautiful places: Kyl-Kuprik, Beshik-Tash, Chakki-Tamar, Kol-Tash, Sylyk-Tash; and old cemetery, petroglyphs. Along with the monuments of the Muslim cult, in the central square of the city there is the only monument in the city of Russian Orthodox architecture of the early 20th century, the Archangel Michael Church. Unfortunately, this monument had to endure all the hardships associated with the “cultural revolution” of the Soviet regime, but in 1991 it was returned to the Orthodox religious community.

Unfortunately, from ancient Osh to the present day, neither a fortress wall with three gates, nor a citadel surrounded by a shakhristan, nor a cathedral mosque near the bazaar have survived - by the way, another important symbol of the city, which is already more than two thousand years old. This is a real chaotic oriental bazaar with narrow streets, numerous kebab shops, mountains of colorful spices, fruits and local rickshaws. There is always a lively trade in amulets, talismans, potions and spices in the narrow streets of the market. To some it seems like stupid oriental exoticism, to others it is embarrassed by the lack of comfort. The city authorities have repeatedly tried to give the Osh bazaar a “Europeanized” look, but the merchants and the townspeople stubbornly stand their ground. So it now turns out that compact shops are occasionally interspersed with scattered shopping arcades. Ice cream (very tasty and very inexpensive), drinks, wristwatches - from one merchant to another it is just one step. But once you get here, you can be sure that in this place you will find almost everything you were looking for. Another very pleasant and characteristic feature of oriental bazaars is that when buying goods, it is customary to bargain here.

It is worth noting that ancient city Osh is a great place to start hiking and mountain climbing, and among foreigners it is known primarily as a transit point on the way to the Pamir alpine camp.

And another feature of the city is its favorable geographical location. From here you can get to one of the oldest Uyghur cities - the mysterious Kashgar, and climb the Pamir or Tien Shan mountains. From here you can travel to another part of the Fergana Valley, which is under the jurisdiction of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

The Osh region is famous for the largest caves in all of Kyrgyzstan: Chil-Ustun, Chil-Mayram, Keklik-Too.

Entrance stalactite cave Chil-Ustun is located almost on a sheer cliff at an altitude of 250 meters. The name of the cave is translated into Russian as “Forty Columns”. This cave is one of the places in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan where pilgrims come. The legend of the cave says that if a person has committed many grave sins, then they will all sink into the abyss and oblivion. And if the traveler walks along the steep rocky slope and returns unharmed to the foot of the mountain, then all his sins will be forgiven. And a crushed pebble brought from Chil-Ustun can cure any disease. The Abshir-say tract is famous for its interesting karst waterfall-source.

The Chon-Alai district of the Osh region is the place where one of the two seven-thousanders in the country is located - Lenin Peak. (7134 meters). Climbing Lenin Peak is a difficult mountaineering climb, which can only be achieved by people who have experience in high-altitude mountaineering (at least Elbrus). In addition to experience, willpower and endurance, in order to climb Lenin Peak, you need to have quite expensive climbing equipment, clothing and shoes.

So, although the city of Osh is not as comfortable as the capital of the country, it does not have numerous government and administrative buildings, its simplicity and traditionalism will undoubtedly charm arriving guests. And when you have an exciting and adventurous journey ahead, Osh becomes the last island of civilization.

Suleiman-Too

Osh is surrounded on three sides by hills and low rocky spurs of the Alai Range. Being practically under the “roof of the world”, you will be able to feel the breath of the mighty and majestic mountains Pamir-Alai. But the main evidence of their presence is, of course, the five-domed Suleiman Mountain (Suleiman-Too), rising in the very center of the city. This is one of the spurs of the Alai Range, which is a rock more than 100 meters high.

Mount Suleiman-Too became the country's first World Heritage Site in June 2009.

Suleiman-Too (“mountain of Suleiman”) or Takhti-Suleiman (“throne of Suleiman,” that is, the biblical king Solomon), located right in the center of the city. Already in the 10th century, pilgrims from all over Asia were drawn to this rocky hill, inconspicuous at first glance, because since time immemorial it is believed that it was here that the prophet Suleiman addressed God, and the imprints of his forehead and knees remained on the stones. Above this holy place for every Muslim, Muhammad Zahiriddin Babur (1483 - 1530), the great-grandson of Timur and the founder of the Mughal dynasty, built a small hudjra (cell) with a mihrab, on the site of which today stands a white-stone mosque and the “house of Babur”, recreated from archival sources " According to legend, it is on this mountain that a woman can ask God to send her a child, and the legendary “test path” leads to the top, along which, according to legend, no unfaithful wife can ever pass.

Mount Takhti-Suleiman even in the early Middle Ages had cult significance for all believers, especially for fire worshipers. There is even an assumption that the prophet of Zoroastrianism and the creator of the holy book “Avesta” Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) lived and created his teachings in a cave on Mount Suleiman-Too. One of the earliest temples of the Zoroastrian water-fire cult existed here (the temple of the Ohsho River, Yakhsha-Osh and Fire). Perhaps the name of the city comes from these words. Hundreds of petroglyphs are carved on rocky mountain outcrops, stone slabs, and on the walls of caves and grottoes. Those who are especially curious can climb the mountain itself, from where an excellent panorama of the city of Osh opens. Here it is clearly visible, you can stand for a long time and admire the magnificent landscape: below is the bustling city life, in the distance are the Great Mountains breathing calm and confidence.

Another attraction of the mountain is an architectural monument, the unipolar Takhti-Suleiman Mosque - unique in its location, because it was built on the eastern peak of Mount Suleiman-Too, at an altitude of almost 150 meters. In recent decades, this building was associated with the name of Muhammad Zahiriddin Babur, a descendant of Amir Timur, and was called Babur’s house.

At the foot of the mountain are the most famous mosques of the city (mausoleum of Asaf-ibn-Burkhiya (11th - 17th centuries), Rawat-Abdullahan mosque (17th - 18th centuries), Mohammed Yusuf Baykhodzhi-Ogly mosque (1909)).

The Mausoleum of Asaf ibn Bukhria is an architectural monument of the 18th - 19th centuries, located at the foot of the eastern slope of Suleiman-Too. According to folk legends, the mausoleum is named after the mythical associate of King Suleiman (Solomon) Asaf ibn Bukhriy, who bequeathed to bury him after his death at the foot of this mountain, which, according to legend, was fulfilled. And over his grave an architectural structure was erected, which over its centuries-long history was repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt by new generations.

All these architectural monuments are part of the Osh United Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve.