Often, when the task of transporting goods arises, it is followed by the task of choosing the type of transport for transportation and the delivery method. As you know, there are four main types of transport: road, rail, air, water. Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, but this article will discuss in detail one of them - water transport.

Classification of types of transportation by water transport

Cargo transportation by water transport- a quite popular type of service, since water transport has long established itself as a reliable and stable carrier. The fleet of cargo ships today both in Russia and throughout the World is quite large and continues to grow. Of all water transport, there are three large categories of vessels: river, sea, mixed type (river and sea at the same time).

  • River vessels operate on inland waterways - lakes, rivers and other bodies of water.
  • Sea vessels include all vessels capable of moving across maritime territories.
  • Mixed-type vessels are universal in relation to waterways.

There is also a detailed classification of groups of water transport; consider, for example, types sea ​​vessels.

  1. Bulk carrier. A vessel designed to transport bulk cargo.
  2. Tanker. A vessel similar to a bulk carrier, with the difference that a tanker carries liquid cargo.
  3. Roller (from the English Roll - roll). A sea cargo ship that carries cargo that can be rolled on board (cars and other wheeled equipment).
  4. Bulk carrier. This is the most common vessel; it is designed to transport a wide range of cargo, including containers, oversized equipment, etc.
  5. Container ship. As the name implies, such ships are specially equipped for transporting containers in the hold and on deck, but other cargo can also be transported on container ships.

Sea transportation of goods can be divided depending on the regularity of the flights.

  1. Trump ships (tram shipping). These ships are needed to carry out irregular, random transportation, in the absence of a schedule. Typically, small, low-value cargo is transported by tramp shipping. When transporting by tramp vessels, a transportation agreement called a charter is concluded between the shipper and the carrier (charterer).
  2. Linear vessels (liner shipping). Linear shipping is carried out according to a set schedule and a set route. Linear transportation is the basis of any stable trade relationship. When carrying out liner transportation, an agreement called a bill of lading is concluded between the shipper and the carrier.

Carriage of goods by sea has the following advantages:

  • Low transportation costs. Indeed, due to the high capacity of sea cargo ships and their slow speed, the cost of transportation is quite low in relation to other modes of transport.
  • Large volumes of transportation. In terms of capacity (displacement for sea transport), sea vessels are not inferior to any other vehicle.
  • Almost complete absence of bandwidth restrictions.

The company has a river-sea ro-ro barge at its disposal. This convenient river transport allows any wheeled vehicle to enter and exit the deck of the vessel without the use of cranes. That is why the NP-Technology company has the opportunity to transport not only non-standard cargo, but also cars using a barge.

Our services

The company "NP-Technology" provides the following services for organizing transportation using river transport:

  • chartering vessels of various capacities for transporting goods between any ports;
  • organization of freight forwarding and transshipment in river ports of Europe and Russia;
  • coordination with the relevant authorities of plans for the delivery of heavy and oversized cargo to a specific port;
  • transportation of goods with their subsequent transshipment if it is impossible for the vessel to enter the specified destination;
  • search and offer a convenient port for cargo processing, taking into account its nature, route and volume of the shipment;
  • organization and implementation of loading and unloading, as well as warehouse work at transshipment ports;
  • storage of goods;
  • delivery of cargo of any volume by river transport to the door and its customs clearance.

Distinctive features of river transportation

Wide delivery geography. Russia is one of the world leaders in terms of the length of navigable rivers. Transportation may involve more than 100,000 kilometers of river arteries and 130 ports.

Seasonality. Due to freezing of rivers in winter period Navigation in most regions of Russia is suspended. Therefore, the use of river transport for transportation is seasonal. It is usually possible between early April and mid-November.

A type of transport that transports goods and passengers both along natural (rivers, lakes, seas, oceans) and artificial (canals, reservoirs) waterways. Water transport is divided into sea and river. EdwART. Explanatory... ...Marine Dictionary

See Maritime transport, River transport... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

The general name for modes of transport that use waterways (sea, oceans, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals). See also Maritime transport, River transport Concise geographical dictionary. EdwART. 2008 ... Geographical encyclopedia

- “Water Transport”, the central newspaper of water workers, organ of the ministry navy USSR, the Ministry of River Fleet of the RSFSR and the Central Committee of the Trade Union of Sea and River Fleet Workers. Founded in 1932. Published in Moscow 3 times a week. From July 1940 to January... ...

water transport- — EN water transportation Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships traveling on the sea or on inland waterways. (Source: CEDa)… … Technical Translator's Guide

water transport- A type of transport engaged in the transportation of passengers and goods along natural (rivers, lakes, seas and oceans) and artificial (canals, reservoirs) waterways... Dictionary of Geography

See Maritime transport, River transport. * * * WATER TRANSPORT WATER TRANSPORT, see Sea transport (see MARINE TRANSPORT), River transport (see RIVER TRANSPORT) ... encyclopedic Dictionary

I Water transport is a type of transport that transports goods and passengers along waterways, both natural (rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, straits) and artificial (canals, reservoirs, etc.) Water transport is divided into sea and... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Water transport … Moscow (encyclopedia)

A type of transport that carries passengers and cargo along rivers, lakes, canals, along sea ​​coasts, as well as on transoceanic flights. Waterways. Paths along rivers and lakes greatly facilitated the exploration and development of almost all... ... Collier's Encyclopedia

Books

  • Water transport Visual and didactic aid, Minisheva T.. Visual and didactic aid “Water transport” of the “World in Pictures” series, intended for group and individual lessons with children 3–7 years old in kindergarten and at home, introduce children to...
  • Water transport. Visual and didactic aid. For children 3-7 years old (set of cards), T. Minisheva. A series of visual and didactic aids "The World in Pictures" is intended for group and individual lessons with children aged 3-7 years in kindergarten and at home. Each issue contains material on...

River transport is an important link in the country's unified transport system. It occupies one of the leading positions in servicing large industrial centers of riverine areas.

Russia has the most widely developed network of inland waterways in the world. The length of inland waterways is 101 thousand km. The most important are tracks with guaranteed depths, which allows for the uninterrupted transportation of goods and passengers.

River transport is one of the oldest in the country; it is of particular importance for the northern and eastern regions, where the density of iron and highways or they are absent altogether. In these regions, the share of river transport in total freight turnover is 3.9%.

River transport has a small share in freight turnover and passenger turnover - 4th place in Russia.

This is due to the following reasons:

1). The meridional direction of river transport (while the main cargo flows are carried out in the latitudinal direction W-E; B-3, this circumstance makes it necessary to combine modes of transport, using, for example, mixed rail-water transport).

2). The seasonal nature of river transportation (which is limited weather conditions, and sometimes the time of day, for example, high-speed passenger fleets are not operated at night).

The duration of navigation on the inland waterways of Russia ranges from 145 days (in the East and North-East of the country) to 240 days (in the South and South-West).

During the inter-navigation period, ports work in cooperation with railway and road transport, despite the fact that low-speed river transport is inferior to other types of transport in terms of speed, but has its advantages.

Advantages of river transport:

1. Low cost of transportation

2. Requires less cost for the arrangement of tracks than in land modes of transport.

The importance of water transport is especially great for the Northern and Eastern regions of the country, where the railway network is insufficient, the density of the inland waterway network is 2 times greater than the average for the Russian Federation.

Hence, the share of river transport in the total freight turnover of these areas is 65-90%; in Russia as a whole, this figure is 3.7%.

The role of river transport in the country's economy is determined not so much by the scale of transport work, but by the special significance of the functions they perform.

Except transport services regions of Siberia, the Far East, including the Arctic, river transport carries out complex, expensive transportation along small rivers in hard-to-reach areas, as well as highly profitable transportation along small rivers in hard-to-reach areas, as well as highly profitable transportation of foreign trade cargo by mixed (river-sea) navigation vessels.


Currently, inland waterways are operated by 5 thousand shipowners of various forms of ownership.

The length of inland waterways is 101 thousand km.

Main types of river transport cargo:

Mineral building materials/sand;

Fertilizers;

Grain and other agricultural products.

According to the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, the total volume of freight transportation of inland water transport during navigation in 2007 amounted to 152.4 million tons, which is 9.5% more than the level of 2006. The increase in this volume was mainly due to an increase in navigation time. Transportation of dry cargo (cement, metal, timber and building materials). At the same time, the volume of transportation of oil and petroleum products decreased by almost a third. More than a third of the total volume of river transportation is carried out in the Volga Federal District. River ports countries handled 15% more cargo than in 2006.

State capital investments in 2007, intended for the development of inland waterway infrastructure, amounted to almost 2.6 billion rubles, which is 1.6 times more than in 2006. This made it possible to reconstruct a number of lock facilities on the Volga-Baltic Waterway ways, the Volga-Don Canal, in the Kama Basin, the Samara hydroelectric complex.

In 2008, 4 billion rubles were allocated from the state budget for the overhaul of navigable hydraulic structures of river transport. They are aimed at reconstructing 47 facilities.

Currently, a draft subprogram “Inland Waterways” is being developed, which should become part of the Federal Target Program “Development transport system Russia in 2010-2015". The total amount of funding for this subprogram is determined in the amount of 235 billion rubles. As a result of its implementation, the share of deep-water sections in the total length of navigable rivers in the European part of our country will increase to 86%. Almost 2.5 km of new berths will be built in river ports.

  1. River systems and ports.

The Russian river fleet consists of 178 joint stock companies open type, including 27 shipping companies, 50 ports, 46 ship repair and shipbuilding enterprises, etc. 96 enterprises are under state control, of which 27 are state-owned enterprises, 17 are government institutions, 14 are shipping inspections, 14 are River Register inspections, 24 are educational establishments.

Fourteen river transport ports accept foreign ships.

The main one in Russia is the Volga-Kama river basin, to which the economically developed part of the country gravitates (40% of the river fleet's cargo turnover). Thanks to the Volga-Baltic, White Sea-Baltic and Volga-Don shipping canals, the Volga became the core of a unified water system of the European part of Russia, and Moscow - river port five seas.

The most important transport rivers in the north of the European part of Russia: Sukhona, Northern Dvina with its tributaries, Onega, Svir, Neva.

Siberia and Far East. The greatest rivers of Russia flow here - the Amur, Yenisei, Lena, Ob and their tributaries. All of them are used for shipping and timber rafting, transporting food and industrial goods to remote areas. The importance of river transport for Siberia is very great, since the railway network there (especially in the meridional direction) is still insufficient.

Currently, approximately 5 thousand shipowners of various forms of ownership operate inland waterways, including about 30 joint-stock shipping companies ( river shipping companies). River fleet Russian Federation serves 68 republics, territories, regions and national districts.

  1. Technical equipment for river transport.

The material and technical base (MTB) of river transport is formed by:

Waterway (with associated structures and equipment);

Ports and marinas;

Shipyards (SSZ and SRZ);

The classification of rolling stock is shown in the figure.

The fleet (similar to sea transport) is the basis of the MTB; the main part of the technical equipment of river transport consists of vessels of various types:

Transport purposes (for transportation of goods and passengers) with a total tonnage > 14 million tons, of which< 1,5 млн. т приходится на суда смешанного плавания (река-море).

Service and auxiliary vessels (tugs, icebreakers, tankers) total capacity of tugboats is 1.6 million tons.

Technical (dredging, cranes, etc.) sharp increase in their construction costs stopped updating.

River routes are divided depending on depth and capacity into 7 classes and 4 main groups: superhighways (1st class), highways (2nd class), local routes (4th, 5th classes), small rivers (bth, 7th grades). In river transport, there are various technical structures that ensure efficient and safe operation. These are, first of all, locks for the passage of ships from one water level to another, buoys - signs to indicate dangers along the way or fencing of the fairway, gates - signs in the form of towers or pillars installed on the fairway line to indicate the direction, places of turns, etc. d.

Deep-water inland waterways have a large carrying capacity; they can be compared with multi-track railways, and they are adapted for mass transportation of goods and passengers. Transportation of some goods by river transport along main inland waterways is 2-3 times cheaper than on parallel railways.

Main differences river boats from sea:

a) less draft;

b) overall dimensions (due to shallow depths and tortuosity of most of the river routes, as well as the narrowness of the fairway);

c) the absence of a number of elements in the design and equipment (necessary for sea ​​ships, which is due to the specific conditions of navigation on rivers), and river vessels leaving in large lakes and on sea ​​routes in design they are almost no different from sea vessels. The average age of river vessels is 20 years, about ½ of all transport vessels (except dry cargo barges) are more than 20 years old.

The river fleet consists of:

Self-propelled vessels (passenger, cargo, cargo-passenger);

Non-self-propelled vessels (barges for various purposes);

Tugs (pushers - vessels without their own cargo spaces, but with a power plant for traction (towing) of non-self-propelled vessels);

Specialized vessels (vegetable carriers, mobile carriers, oil ore carriers, river-sea vessels, barges, refrigerators).

A waterway is the navigable part of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and artificial canals with hydraulic structures.

The waterway is characterized by:

Depth;

Latitude;

Curvature radius (rotation);

According to the dimensions of the shipping channel, waterways are distinguished:

Superhighways – with guaranteed depths of up to 4 m;

Highways - with guaranteed depths of up to 2.6 m;

Paths of local importance - with guaranteed depths of up to 1 m.

Waterways are:

Navigable (on which safe navigation of ships is possible);

Floating (for rafting timber).

Navigable ones are distinguished: - natural (rivers and lakes);

Artificial (canals and reservoirs).

Ports are the basis of coastal river transport, where ships are loaded and unloaded, passengers board and disembark, and ship maintenance is carried out.

River ports are:

Universal (perform all types of work);

Specialized (only certain types of work - cargo or passenger).

The most important elements of the port are the berths, equipped with mechanized means for loading and unloading ships; there are warehouses and storage areas for bulk cargo.

A pier is an intermediate point where ships have a short stop for boarding and disembarking passengers and partial loading and unloading of cargo.

  1. Main performance indicators of inland water transport.

Vessel productivity is transport work in ton-kilometers or passenger-kilometers per unit of time (usually a day), calculated per 1 hp. or 1 ton lifting capacity. A distinction is made between net and gross productivity of a vessel. Net productivity characterizes the use of the vessel while underway while laden. It is determined by dividing the total amount of ton-kilometers of this type of work by the power-day (tonnage-day) of travel in a loaded state. Gross productivity is an indicator characterizing the use of the vessel during the entire operational time spent, i.e. the time of movement in loaded and unladen states, the time of all stops and non-transport work - is determined by dividing the total ton-kilometers by the force-day (tonnage-day) that the vessel is in operation.

Vessel utilization indicators by loading reflect the degree of utilization of the vessels' carrying capacity and power.

The indicator of the use of a cargo ship in terms of carrying capacity, t/t tonnage, is determined by dividing the mass of cargo loaded into the ship, Q e, for registration carrying capacity Q p:

The average load per 1 ton of cargo capacity of a cargo ship is determined by dividing ton-kilometers (where l hgr– length of travel of the vessel with cargo) per tonnage - kilometers with cargo:

Average load per 1 hp. The capacity of tugboats is determined by dividing the ton-kilometers performed on loaded voyages by the force-kilometers with the composition of loaded ships and rafts:

Share of running time with cargo a d is determined by dividing the tonnage-day of travel of a vessel with cargo by the total number of tonnage-days in operation:

Average productivity 1 ton lifting capacity of self-propelled and non-self-propelled vessels M egr determined by dividing ton-kilometers by the total number of ton-days in operation:

Vessel turnaround time is the time spent moving the vessel from the point of loading to the point of unloading and back, including the time required for initial and final operations (loading, unloading, locking, etc.), delays along the way and technical operations. Determined by adding the parking time t st; time spent on maneuvers t m; running time t x:

Let's consider the performance indicators of river ports.

The total cargo turnover of the port is the total amount of cargo in tons sent from the port and received at the port. This indicator is planned and taken into account for all cargo as a whole and with distribution by nomenclature: oil and petroleum products, timber in rafts, dry cargo ships (grain, ore, coal, ore, etc.). Special emphasis is placed on cargo transported in containers, as well as those subject to transfer from river transport to railway transport and received from it.

Loading and unloading operations include all work performed by port facilities at cargo berths and warehouses related to the transshipment of goods transported by river transport. This includes port and non-port operations, as well as the transhipment of oil cargo at oil refineries. Non-port activities include the economic work of the port, as well as work performed for other organizations in order to maintain a permanent workforce of workers and more fully utilize fixed assets.

The volume of loading and unloading operations is planned and taken into account in physical tons and ton-operations. The volume of loading and unloading operations in physical tons corresponds to the port's cargo turnover minus the total weight of various cargoes sent from the client berths and arriving at these berths, as well as timber cargo sent from the port and arriving at the port in rafts.

A ton operation is the movement of 1 ton of cargo according to a certain loading and unloading option. A variant is the completed movement of cargo, regardless of the distance, method and additional work performed (weighing, sorting, etc.). When determining the volume of transshipment work in ton operations, any work related to the movement of 1 ton of cargo in the port is taken into account, according to the following options: transport-warehouse; warehouse-transport; transport-transport; warehouse-warehouse; internal warehouse premises (performed during the main work, and on separate orders).

The ratio of the number of ton operations performed by a port to the volume of loading and unloading operations in physical tons for a certain period is called the cargo transshipment coefficient.

  1. Problems and prospects for the development of inland water transport.

It is necessary to improve the unified system of internal routes in Russia, which is possible with the construction of canals and locks. In the 19th century The Mariinsky system with 39 locks was built.

The system of internal routes is of defensive importance: the connection between the south of the country and the north (the route through the European water system from Odessa to St. Petersburg) is 8800 km, and along internal routes - 4500 km.

It is necessary to deepen the fairway for the passage of vessels of greater carrying capacity to extend navigation periods; development of a system of ro-ro vessels (“Ro-Ro”) for horizontal loading, vessels of the “river-sea” type; sectional vessels (they are more economical than heavy cargo ships of the same carrying capacity with a simplified reloading system and are reconfigured depending on cargo flows); hovercraft and hydrofoils reaching speeds of up to 105 km/h; icebreakers and ships with reinforced hulls for polar conditions; increase in the carrying capacity of vessels (costs are reduced by 25-30%); increase in comfort passenger ships; creation of automated complexes for reloading operations; reconstruction of existing ports (Temryuk, Yeysk, Rostov, Azov, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, etc.); the creation of dock ships for the transportation of heavy, large-sized cargo and for the delivery of cargo to places in the Arctic basin that do not have reloading equipment, and much more.


The development of river cargo transportation in Russia is determined by the world's largest network of interconnected waterways. Don't forget about the harsh climatic conditions. Some regions can be reached either by air or by sea.

Statistics

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In terms of the volume of cargo movement along rivers and lakes, it is difficult for water transport to compete with road and rail transportation. But the specifics of cargo and the relative cheapness leave the share of such movements almost constant.

Among such cargo in Russia, the most prominent is the transportation of bulk cargo - grain, sand, as well as consolidated cargo for delivery to hard-to-reach places. River delivery also acts as an element

The developed infrastructure of river navigation includes 130 ports on rivers and lakes, and the length of routes exceeds 100 thousand km.

But so far there has been no increase in the mass of transported cargo. Against the backdrop of a general decline in cargo flow after 2014, the share of cargo transported via inland waterways suffered somewhat, which is noticeable from the figures in the table (in comparison with other types).

Table 1. Volume of cargo transportation over the past five years, million tons.

Despite all the attractiveness, the country has allowed a decline in the volume of movement of goods and cargo, which leaves prospects for the development of the segment as a whole. In the modern period, the share of transportation by water transport has fallen to less than 2% - only 1.38%.

Water transport is even less important when considering the movement of goods expressed in ton-kilometers (in the diagram). Freight transport figures in tonne-kilometres (as of 2016):

An indicator of 1% (about 67 ton-kilometers) is understandable given the small carrying capacity of river barges and ships, as well as the limited movement of goods.

The largest share in the transportation of goods by river is demonstrated by the following networks of waterways in the country:

  1. West Siberian network.
  2. Volga-Kama basin.
  3. North-West region.

Despite the generally optimistic figures, analysts point to a decline in the variety of cargo delivered. In some regions, cargo traffic has decreased to the banal transportation of sand.

Kinds

The practice of water transportation involves the use of vessels only for movement within the inland waterway, as well as for entering mixed types of rivers from sea waters.

Internal freight flows also have several types of transportation, taking into account the geography of delivery and the type of transport used.

The following main types are distinguished:

  1. Inland water communication. Carried out within the same shipping company.
  2. Direct inland water movement of goods. Carried out between two or more shipping companies, including using shipping companies of the CIS countries.
  3. Direct water communication. It implies the participation of river and sea transport within one country.
  4. Direct mixed movement of goods. It is organized on the principle of multimodality, using related modes of transport.

The variety of river transportation increases even more when considering the size of the cargo consignment and the type of valuables being transported.

Facilities

A complete classification is impossible without presenting the entire variety of means of transporting goods.

In the river shipping segment there are:

  1. Bulk carrier or dry cargo ship. A vessel designed for – sand, grain, ore. Easily recognizable by the presence of unloading hatches.
  2. Tankers. Designed not only for transporting bulk minerals - petroleum products, liquefied gas, but also vegetable liquids - oils.
  3. Roller skates. Vessels for the transport of moving cargo capable of self-loading – vehicles, carriages. This also includes
  4. Container ships. Designed for placing and delivering packaged goods into a container, and do not require complex loading and unloading operations.

These and some other types of vessels, along with the purpose of accommodating luggage or passengers, have a classification aimed at allowing movement under various conditions. Some information is given in the table.

Table 2. Classes of river vessels.

Along with large ships Don’t forget about the “port workers” - tugboats, oyster ships, as well as passenger transport. Barges intended to be moved in conjunction with a tractor should be included in a separate category.

Legal regulation of domestic and international flights

The main strategic document for the development of river navigation is called the “Strategy…. until 2030."

But the documents regulating cargo transportation have been in force for a long time. These include:

  1. (status of Federal law). Last modified 12/29/1017
  2. Rules for transportation by water transport ().
  3. Russian River Register (Rules in several volumes).

In addition, in the organization of river navigation, related regulatory documents are used, such as the Administrative Code and the Rules for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods. Also, do not forget about the document under the auspices of the UN - “European Shipping Rules”, reissued in 2007.

Delivery rules

In organizing the transportation of cargo items, there are several groups that are subject to the Rules and other regulatory documents:

  • vehicle requirements;
  • requirements for the product itself, including packaging and support;
  • appropriate qualifications of personnel.

All positions are aimed at ensuring transportation safety and meeting deadlines for order delivery.

Among the main requirements for ships are:

  • checking the serviceability of the vessel and permission to work on the route is carried out before loading;
  • cleanliness on the ship - cleaning of all premises, including working and utility rooms, is carried out in advance;
  • checking the condition of areas for placing cargo, securing it, and when transporting dangerous goods, also marking it taking into account the requirements.

Among the main requirements for cargo placement are:

  • maintaining local and general stability and integrity of the vessel;
  • fastening means must be in good working order and available in sufficient quantity;
  • During the process of loading, transportation, and unloading, the placement and stability of the cargo is controlled;
  • When placing goods, allowable proximity (compatibility) is taken into account, taking into account the class of cargo.

In most cases, ship personnel are allowed to accompany cargo. However, for example, when transporting animals, a permanent guide is required to monitor the condition of the transported object.

The qualifications of ship personnel must correspond to the work performed. The availability of permitting documents should first be verified by the customer to perform the work.

Documentation

Proper registration of material assets before shipping by river transport is no less important than placement on a ship.

At the initial stage, an agreement is drawn up that formalizes the relationship between:

  • customer;
  • transport company;
  • if necessary, by the recipient of the goods.

The main subjects of the agreement are:

  1. The cargo itself: name, quantity, transportation features.
  2. Obligations of the parties: loading, transportation, unloading.
  3. Points of departure, unloading, and, if necessary, storage of goods.
  4. Delivery times and procedure for accepting material assets.
  5. Deadlines for fulfilling contractual obligations and violation of the terms of service.

Main transportation document is the invoice.

Depending on the route and method of organizing cargo delivery, there are several types of these documents:

  • GU-1 – for transportation of dry cargo ships in direct domestic traffic;
  • GU-2 for container transportation;
  • GU-3 transportation of bulk oil;
  • GU-7 (7a) - for transporting goods by water-railway, or only by water, in direct mixed traffic.

To document all actions en route with cargo, a road manifest is prepared. The document has an internal, travel and financial-accounting part, where the necessary information from the invoice is entered.

River transportation of goods along the Volga

The demand for river transportation along the Volga is associated with a wide geography of supplies. If necessary, it will be possible to connect Ust-Luga with Taganrog or Astrakhan. All major ones associate themselves with the Volga route.

River transportation The Volga River connects 7 republics and more than 15 industrial regions of Russia - with a route length of more than 6.8 thousand km. This became possible thanks to artificial and natural crossings of the Volga with other water systems.

The seas are connected in one ring - the Baltic, Black and Azov, White, Caspian. This allows you to move a wide variety of loads at low cost. For example, in 2017, the ships of Volga Shipping Company JSC alone transported more than 6.5 million tons of cargo.

The specifics of transportation in the Volga water system are associated with the following features:

  1. Link of river network: Volga, Oka, Moscow river.
  2. Availability of large waterworks: Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Kaluga, Moscow, Kostroma.
  3. Use of transshipment bases and ports: Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Kolomna, Serpukhov.

Using the shipping capabilities of the Volga basin, the following are transported:

  • 8/10 wood for the central region;
  • 8/10 salt (from Baskunchak);
  • Volga region agricultural crops;
  • coal and cement for the construction industry and heavy industry.

Companies

When choosing a carrier for delivering cargo by water river transport, you should always trust a company that has a valid license.

Typically, such organizations offer comprehensive services, from documentation to development and approval of the route.
The most prominent organizations on the market are summarized in a table.

Table 3. Carrier companies in river navigation Russia.

Company name Activities Ship fleet Company office
JSC Volga-fleet
  • freight transportation;
  • oil transportation;
  • tourism.
 more than 200 Nizhny Novgorod
FEC "Volga Trans"
  • freight transportation;
  • transportation of dangerous goods;
  • refrigerated transportation.
 no information Moscow
Volga-Baltic Transport Company LLC
  • freight transportation;
  • transportation by river to Crimea;
  • marine broker services.
 7 types Saint Petersburg
TEC "Cargo"
  • freight transportation;
  • multimodal transportation.
 no information Volgograd, branch in the Volgograd region
TC "Region" freight transport to 14 major ports Krasnoyarsk Territory(including Igarka, Tura). 10 types of transport Krasnoyarsk
LLC TEK "DVTK FREIGHT"
  • freight transportation;
  • ferry crossing.
 no information Khabarovsk

When choosing a company for transporting material assets, you should pay attention to the presence of its own fleet of ships and valid contracts with carriers. A permanent representative of the river transportation market is ready to offer preliminary prices for services on its own information resource.

For example, many of the River Transportation LLCs in different cities have only a legal address and do not provide sufficient information about their activities.

Tariffs for cargo delivery by water

The cost of freight transportation by river transport is formed taking into account the following features:

  • travelable distance between loading and unloading points;
  • characteristics of the cargo;
  • time of year.

Today, most companies form orders based on the client’s preliminary application. On average, the estimated delivery cost is equal to from 60 to 100 rubles for delivery 1 kg depending on the region.

Advantages and disadvantages

Among the positive features of freight transportation river fleet It should be noted:

  • relatively low delivery costs;
  • wide opportunity in selecting transport for various cargoes;
  • the ability to plan timing and choose between sea and river delivery.

Among the disadvantages are:

  1. Low delivery speed. The exception is that there is no alternative to river transport for some regions.
  2. Fundamental requirements for safety and environmental friendliness. will not only entail severe penalties for the carrier, but also serious environmental consequences.
  3. Limitation of navigation periods. In some regions, the shipping period does not exceed 120 days a year.