The name of the ship is from the word. Dictionary of marine terms
Currently, a ship is called a warship. Tankers, bulk carriers, bulk carriers, passenger liners, container ships, icebreakers and other representatives of the technical fleet of civil or merchant fleets are not included in this category. But once upon a time, at the dawn of shipping, when humanity was still filling the white spaces on sailing directions with the vague outlines of new islands and even continents, any sailing ship was considered a ship. Each of them had guns on board, and the crew consisted of desperate young men who were ready to do anything for the sake of profit and the romance of distant travels. Then, in these troubled centuries, there was a division into types of ships. The list, taking into account modern additions, would be very long, so it is worth focusing on sailboats. Well, maybe we can add some rowing ships.
Galleys
Getting into them is an unenviable lot. In ancient times, such punishment awaited inveterate criminals. And in Ancient Egypt, both in Fincia and in Hellas they were already there. Over time, other types of ships appeared, but galleys were used until the Middle Ages. The main driving force was those same convicts, but they were sometimes assisted by sails, straight or triangular, mounted on two or three masts. By modern standards, these ships were not large, their displacement was only 30-70 tons, and their length rarely exceeded 30 meters, but in those distant times the size of the ships was not gigantic at all. The rowers sat in rows, according to historians, in no more than three horizontal tiers. The armament of galleys consists of ballistae and bow rams; in later centuries, these weapons were supplemented by artillery. The progress, that is, the speed of movement, was controlled by the overseers, setting the rhythm with special tambourines, and, if necessary, with a whip.
Barki
So, a barque (the name of the species comes from the Flemish word “bark”) is a ship with a number of masts from three to five. All its sails are straight, with the exception of the mizzen (stern mast) rigging. Barks are quite large vessels, for example, the Kruzenshtern has a length of about 115 meters, a width of 14 m, and a crew of 70 people. Since it was built in 1926, when steam engines were already widespread, its design also includes an auxiliary power plant with a capacity of almost one and a half thousand kilowatts, loaded in two constant steps. The speed of the vessel even today does not seem low; under sail, the speed of this barque reaches 17 knots. The purpose of the type, in general, was common for the merchant fleet of the 19th century - delivery of mixed cargo, mail and passengers along sea lines.
Brigantine raises sails
In fact, the same barques, but with two masts, are called brigantines. All differ in their purpose and navigability. Brigantines stand out for their speed and lightness. The sailing rig is mixed, with straight sails on the foresail (front mast) and oblique sails on the mainsail. Favorite ship of pirates of all seas. Historical sources mention brigantines with the so-called “Bermuda mainsail”, that is, a triangular sail stretched between the luff line and the luff, but none of the surviving representatives of the species can boast of it. However, these nuances are of interest only to specialists.
Frigates
As the fleet developed, some types of warships appeared, others disappeared, and still others acquired a different meaning. An example would be a frigate. This concept survived later types such as ironclads, dreadnoughts and even battleships. True, a modern frigate roughly corresponds to the Soviet concept of a large anti-submarine ship, but it sounds shorter and somehow more beautiful. In its original sense, it means a three-masted ship with one artillery deck for 20-30 guns. To the word "frigate" starting with XVII century for a long time they added the adjective “Dunkirk”, which meant predominant use in a separate zone of the naval theater of operations adjacent to the Pas-de-Calais. This type was distinguished by its speed. Then, as the range of autonomy increased, they began to be called simply frigates. Displacement is average for that time, approximately. The most famous Russian frigate was called "Pallada", on which a glorious expedition to the shores was undertaken in 1855 East Asia under the command of Admiral E.V. Putyatin.
Caravels
“She passed like a caravel...” is sung in a famous pop song. It's not harmful to study the species sailing ships, before composing lyrics for future hits. The compliment turned out to be somewhat ambiguous. Not every girl wants to be compared to a lifting, large and rather heavy vessel. In addition, the caravel’s nose is raised high, which can also be seen as an undesirable hint.
However, in general this type certainly has good seaworthiness. It is most famous for the fact that Columbus made his expedition to the shores of the New World on three caravels (“Santa Maria”, “Pinta” and “Nina”). Externally, they can be distinguished by the mentioned raised tanks (bow superstructures), as well as by sailing equipment. There are three masts, a foresail with straight sails, and the rest with lateen (oblique) sails.
Purpose: long-distance sea and transoceanic voyages.
Morphologically derived from the word “caravel” Russian word"ship". It gave the name to the famous French passenger airliner, very beautiful.
Clippers
All types of ships are created for fast sailing and are not always remembered, but there are exceptions. Someone will say the word “cruiser”, and immediately everyone around will think something - some “Aurora”, others “Varyag”. Regarding clippers, there is only one option - “Cutty Sark”. This ship with a long and narrow hull went down in history for several reasons, but its main and most important quality was speed. Delivering tea from China, quickly bringing mail to distant colonies and carrying out especially delicate orders from the queen was the lot of clipper ships and their crews. And these ships carried out their work until the advent of steamships, and in some cases even later.
Galleons
Looking through the ancient types of warships, one cannot help but recall the Great Armada, which competed with the British fleet in the 16th century. The main unit of this formidable force was the Spanish galleon. No sailing ship of that time could compare with it in perfection. At its core, this is an improved caravel, with a reduced tank superstructure (that same “raised nose” has practically disappeared) and an elongated hull. As a result, ancient Spanish shipbuilders achieved increased stability, reduced wave resistance and, as a result, increased speed. Maneuverability has also improved. Other types of military ships XVI the centuries looked shorter and too tall next to the galleon (this was a drawback, such a target is easier to hit). The outline of the poop (stern superstructure) acquired a rectangular shape, and the crew's conditions became more comfortable. It was on galleons that the first latrines (latrines) appeared, hence the origin of this word.
The displacement of these “16th century battleships” ranged from 500 to 2 thousand tons. Finally, they were very beautiful, they were decorated with skillful carvings, and the nose was crowned with a majestic sculpture.
Schooners
There are types large ships, which have become “workhorses” designed to transport a wide variety of cargo. Schooners occupy a special place among them. These are multi-masted vessels, distinguished by the fact that at least two of their rigs are oblique. They are topsail, staysail, Bermuda or gaff, depending on which masts are equipped with oblique sails. It should be taken into account that the line between a two-masted topsail or topsail schooner and a brigantine is very arbitrary. This type has been known since the 17th century. It reached its greatest popularity in the American merchant fleet, in particular Wolf Larsen, the character of Jack London, and his crew hunt on a schooner. Compared to it, other types of ships are more difficult to control (According to J. London, this process is accessible even to a lone sailor). Most often, schooners were two- and three-masted, but there are cases when the equipment was much more numerous. A kind of record was set in 1902, when a ship with seven masts (Thomas Double Lawson, Quincy Shipyard) was launched.
Other types of ships
Photos of sailboats arriving at the international regatta from all over the world are published in newspapers, magazines and on websites. Such a parade is always an event; the beauty of these ships is incomparable. Barques, brigantines, corvettes, frigates, clippers, ketches, and yachts represent all types of ships that, fortunately, have survived to this day. This spectacle distracts from everyday life and takes the viewer to bygone centuries, full of adventure and romance of distant travels. A real sailor must master the art of sailing navigation, as they believe in many countries, including ours. Having climbed up the shrouds, unfurled the sails and breathed in the free wind of the sea, you can take your places at the modern control panels of dry cargo ships, bulk tankers and cruise ships. You can safely trust such a sailor with the fate of the cargo and the lives of passengers; he will not let you down.
AUTONOMY Duration of voyage without replenishment.
AZIMUTH (celestial navigation) the angle between northern part the plane of the true meridian of the observer and the vertical of the luminary.
AQUATORIA area of water surface.
ANKEROK barrel without tap for fresh water. There is a glass suspended from the cork inside
ANTI-CYCLONE is an area of high atmospheric pressure with air movement around its center clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere).
APSEL mizzen-staysail on two-masted yachts (keechs, iols).
ARMOCEMENT (ferocement) is a type of reinforced concrete with a high degree of reinforcement, a structural material for the construction of yachts and ships.
OUTRIGER 1. Side float on proa type vessels. 2. Shot of a half-yard with a butt on a hinge at the mast, to remove the braces from the shrouds. (see shot).
AFTERPEAK is the outermost aft, non-residential compartment of the yacht.
BACKSTAY is a standing rigging tackle that secures the mast from the top to the stern
STERN POST element of the longitudinal frame of the yacht's hull, vertically or inclined, attached to the keel
BUTTERFLY is a method of carrying sails on yachts with oblique sails, when at full courses the bow sails are carried to the opposite side in relation to the stern sails to increase speed and stability on the yacht's course.
TANK - a superstructure at the bow end of the yacht. The bow part of the deck is often called the forecastle (see foredeck).
BAKAN (BUCKEN) is a floating navigational situation sign installed at anchor on the border of the fairway or shipping channel, mainly on rivers.
BACK - a piece of wood that connects the keel to the stem.
BACKSTAY - 1. Course when the angle between the yacht's DP and the direction of the wind line is more than 90 * and less than 180 *; 2. Standing rigging tackle, securing the mast to the side and aft; 3. For the bowsprit - see water backstays 180*.
BAKSHTOV - a cable released behind the stern of an anchored ship to secure (take on bakshtov) another ship.
BALAST - a load placed inside or outside the hull of a yacht to provide the necessary
BALLAST is a load placed inside or outside the hull of a yacht to ensure the necessary draft and stability. They are divided into liquid (fuel, water) and solid (placed in a housing, poured into a false keel, etc.).
BALLER - a structure with an axis of rotation or a shaft, rigidly connected at the bottom to the rudder blade, and at the top to the tiller.
BALUN - a forward, additional, fully tailored sail for light winds on full courses. Sails of a similar purpose - bender, drifter, reacher.
BALESS - a step in the form of a turned lath.
BANK - 1. A seat on small undecked boats, which also serves to spread the sides; 2. Separately located shoal of limited size.
BOW - a piece of canvas sewn onto a sail to reinforce it in places where the reef eyelets are pierced.
BAR - 1. Unit of pressure. 2.Swell-like sediment bank in coastal areas.
BARBARA - additional outhaul of the jib clew to the deck.
BARKHOUT - a thickened belt of outer skin in the waterline area.
RUNNING RIGGING - gear used to set up a movable spar and sails, as well as to control them.
BEYDEWIND - a course when the angle between the center line of the yacht and the wind direction is less than 90*. Steep close-hauled - if the angle is less than 45 *, full - more than 60 *.
BEYFOOT - 1. A ring made of leather-covered cable or iron for attaching a yard or gaff to a mast or topmast; 2. A simple raks-yoke, if the boom (gaff) has a mustache.
BENZEL - tying two thick cables with a line or heel.
BERMUDA SAIL - a rectangular, triangular, oblique sail, has high aerodynamic characteristics, allows the yacht to sail close-hauled.
GAZERBOA - a suspended seat (board) for lifting a person onto the mast or for working outside the yacht.
MIZAN - the lower oblique sail on the mizzen mast.
MIZAN MAST - the stern mast on multi-masted sailboats, as well as on two-masted yachts, if it is lower than the front one (on an iole, a keech).
BIMS - below-deck beam of the transverse frame of the yacht hull.
BITENG is a metal cabinet on the deck of a cruising yacht for attaching cables.
BLIND is a straight sail, installed on ancient sailing ships under the bowsprit.
BLINDOWS - a spacer pole for deflecting backstays.
BLOCK - a pulley with a fixed axis and a groove around the circumference to change the direction of pull of a cable or chain.
BLOOPER (BIGBOY) - an auxiliary, oblique, flying, pot-bellied sail, raised from the spinnaker downwind.
BOKANTS - small shots on the forecastle for carrying the foresail tacks or shots on the BOKANTS - small shots on the forecastle for carrying the fore-tacks to the wind or on the poop for removal and protection from rubbing against the hull and rigging of the braces.
BON - a floating, lightly submerged structure with a deck, fixed in place (to the shore, at anchor, behind the poles), intended for mooring small vessels or other special purposes (barrage, crossing, etc.).
BORA is a strong, gusty, cold wind blowing from the slopes of mountains near the sea.
BORG - standing rigging rigging on which the lower yard hangs.
BOARDSAILING - sailing on a board (windsurfing, windglider, etc.).
SIDE - the side wall (side) of the yacht's hull from stem to stern.
SIDE LIGHTS - ship navigation lights indicating the side of the vessel (right - green, left - red).
BOUT - a reinforcing, vertical, oblique or sector lining on a sail made of canvas or tape in places of special loads, chafing, punching (sewn in) of eyelets, cringles, gats.
FRONT MISTA - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the topmast.
FIRESHIELD - a vertical shield covering the main entrance to the yacht's cabin.
BRACE is a running rigging tackle attached to the toe of a spinnaker boom or yard and serves to rotate them in a horizontal plane and hold them at the desired angle.
Windlass - a deck mechanism with a horizontal axis of rotation, designed for raising the anchor and removing cables when mooring.
BRESHTUK - a connection connecting the clamps to the stem or sternpost.
BRIDEL is an anchor chain (cable), attached by the root end to a dead anchor on the ground, and by the running end to the road mooring barrel (buoy, floating pier, boom, etc.).
BREEZE is a wind in coastal areas that changes its direction during the day under the influence of temperature differences between land and water surfaces (from sea to land during the day, from land to sea at night).
BRIFOCK - a quadrangular sail with a free luff, raised on the front mast on a brief yard. Unlike the foresail, the briefs are not tied to the yardarm.
THROWING END - a light rope with a load (lightness) at the end. With its help, mooring lines are supplied.
BROCHING is a phenomenon of complete loss of controllability in tailwinds, when the yacht suddenly falls over the chine and the rudder comes out of the water.
BRUKANETS - a protective umbrella made of waterproof fabric around the mast in the area of the pärtner, preventing water from entering the hull of the yacht.
YOKEL - an iron hoop placed on a spar to strengthen it or connect its component parts.
BUER - 1. A small (up to 20 m), flat-bottomed, single-masted Dutch coastal vessel with a sprint or gaff rig and shwerts.m and shverts. 2. Sailing yacht on skates for gliding on ice and snow crust.
BUOY - 1. A floating navigational situation sign standing at a dead anchor. Serves, as a rule, to fence off dangerous places, as well as to indicate the axes, sides, and turns of recommended fairways. 2. Buoyancy connected through a buoy to a dead anchor. Used for mooring yachts.
BUYREP - 1. A cable connecting a buoy to a dead anchor. 2. A cable with buoyancy (buoy) on the surface and the root end on the anchor trend, to indicate the place of anchor release, and, if necessary, to facilitate its separation from the ground.
TOWING - traction of one vessel (towed) by another vessel (tug) with the help of a towing rope (tug), or by pushing, or by a log (towing a vessel moored side to the tug).
TOWING LIGHT - A yellow light at the stern of the towing vessel.
BULBOKEEL - a design of a finned yacht keel with a heavy ballast (bulb) of a streamlined shape attached to the lower edge.
BOWLINE - 1. A thin cable (line) inside the luff of a slanting sail, used to adjust the profile of the sail. 2. Tackle for carrying forward the windward, side luff of a straight sail.
BAY - a small bay separated from the sea by capes or islands.
CABLE COIL - 1. Cable or tackle coiled in circles or figures of eight. 2. Packaging a new cable in the form of a hollow cylinder.
BUSHPRIT - a horizontal or inclined spar tree that protrudes forward from the bow of the yacht and serves to carry the stays and tack angles of the jibs.
BULL-PRIDE - see Gorden.
CABLES are standing rigging gear that secures the mast from the sides. The lower ends of the shrouds are attached to turnbuckles (eyefaces), through which the loads are transferred to the shrouds (special fittings, deck fittings) fastened to the hull frame.
WATER BACKSTAYS - gear that attaches the bowsprit to the sides of the yacht.
WATERWAYS - 1. Thick, wooden beams running along the sides of the yacht and forming part of the deck flooring. 2. Water flow on the open deck along the sides.
WATER-VULING - fastening the bowsprit to the cutwater (cable, chain, etc.).
WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the hull of the yacht and dividing - WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the hull of the yacht, dividing the side into surface and underwater. 2. The curve of a theoretical drawing of a ship's hull, formed by the intersection of the hull surface with a horizontal plane.
WATER-STAY - standing rigging gear that secures the bowsprit downwards (the stem).
WATCH SERVICE (WATCH) is the main type of duty on ships, ensuring their navigation, safety and survivability. All information about the operation of the vessel, the operation of its mechanisms, changes in personnel etc. are entered in the logbook.
WELPS - ribs on the capstan drum (windlass) that prevent the cable from slipping.
ANCHOR SPINDLE - the longitudinal rod of the anchor.
VERP - auxiliary, imported anchor on a ship.
VERPOVING - movement by pulling up to a rope, which is brought to the right place on a boat.
VERTICAL (luminaries) - a large circle on the celestial sphere, passing through the zenith, nadir, and luminary.
SWIVEL - 1. Kreugovy hinge. 2. Screw tightening mechanism (see lanyard).
MILESTONE is a floating navigational sign designed to fence off dangers and indicate the sides of the fairway. Consists of a pole on a sprit buoy and a golik or other top figure.
TAKING REEFS - Reducing the area of the sail for oblique sails - by tying the lower part with reefers or winding it on a boom, and for straight sails - by tying the upper part of the sail to the yard.
WINDGLIDER, WINDSURFING - see boardsailing.
WINDSAIL - a rotating, obliquely cut ventilation pipe on the deck.
CUTTER - the front part of the stem, protecting it from damage.
ARMAMENT OF A SAILING SHIP - a set of sails, spars, rigging, deck mechanisms and practical things intended for setting, cleaning and controlling sails. There are two main types of sailing rigs: oblique - with sails parallel to the center plane (DP) of the hull e and straight - with sails on the yards, perpendicular to the ship's DP.
RESTORATION OF A DOORBOAT (CATAMARAN) - lifting a dinghy (catamaran) onto an even keel when it has laid its sails on the water or made an overkill turn.
VULING - 1. Cable hoists placed closely next to each other on a single-shaft mast to strengthen it. 2. See water-wooling.
SELECT - pull up the tackle (cable), ensuring its tension. The opposite action is to poison.
SELECTION - 1. A step made of cable with cables. 2. Whitened sea knot.
VEMBOVKA - a wooden lever for rotating the spire manually.
PICKING - wave vibration, unsteady elastic vibrations of the hull, caused by impacts of the bottom and sides on the water - slamming and water rolling onto the deck.
LIGHT HEIGHT - the angle between the plane of the true horizon and the direction towards the luminary.
SHOT - a spar tree resting on another spar tree, side or hull structure for the removal of gear or rigging. See also - outrigger.
HARBOR is a coastal part of the water surface protected from waves, intended for the mooring of ships.
HACK - a hook used to lift or secure a load.
HACKBOARD - the upper part of the stern or stern superstructure, from the shell to the gunwale, for mooring ships.
HAK - a hook used for lifting or securing a load
HACKBOARD - the upper part of the stern or stern superstructure (poop) of the vessel from the shell to the gunwale.
TAIL LIGHT - towing light (yellow) placed at the stern of the towing vessel.
GALS - 1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind without taking into account the angle to the wind. There are right and left tacks, based on the name of the bortayo, into which the wind blows. 2. Tackle, a waist, with the help of which the lower, windward corner of the sail is held - the tack.
GULFWIND - course relative to the wind, when the angle between the yacht's DP and the wind direction is 90 * (half the wind).
latrine - 1. Toilet on the yacht. 2. The area above the cutwater served as a latrine on ancient sailing ships.
LATILE FIGURE - bow decoration (sculpture) on sailboats.
HANDICAP - a coefficient or value measured in seconds used for comparative assessment of the results shown in races by yachts with different racing scores.
GARDEL - running rigging gear for lifting lower yards and gaffs.
GAT - a hole in a sail, spar or hull structure for wiring gear, placing pulleys, etc.
GAFEL - an inclined spar tree, raised along the mast and resting against it with the heel. The gaff is used to stretch the upper luff of oblique quadrangular sails along it, as well as to fasten the clew corners of topsails. Sails raised on a gaff are called gaff rigs, and the rigging of a vessel with such sails is called a gaff rig.
HELMPORT - a cutout in the lower part of the stern or sternpost of the vessel for rudder stock routing. A helm port pipe is usually installed above the helm port (watertight), in which the rudder stock is hung.
GENOA is a large, wide jib with a clew extending beyond the mast of the yacht.
The boom is a horizontal spar resting with its heel on the mast through a swivel (for sails - aft of the mast). It is used to stretch the lower luff of the oblique sail and is called (mainsail-gikyo, mizzen-gik, etc.). Equipped with: gika-shkotomyo, topenantomyo, gikayo quickdraw, block-haul. To stretch the lower luff, the boom is equipped with a sheet (main sheet, mizzen sheet, etc.), and for taking reefs - pendants and reef tackles. The boom with a patent reef has a special rig. The boom for the head sails (jib-boom, jib-boom) rests through a swivel on a fitting near its forestay. See also spinnaker boom.
GINI-tales with increased block sizes, number of pulleys and thickness of lapars. Giniyos, at a minimum, have two three-pulley or two- and three-pulley blocks.
GITS - running rigging gear for pulling the clew corners of a straight sail or the luff of a slanting sail to the gaff and mast when retracting it.
VERB-GAK - a folding hook held in working position by a special chain link.
Planing is a mode of movement of a yacht, in which, under the influence of the dynamic forces of water, its landing changes - the bow rises and the stern settles, while the speed increases (the vessel goes on planing).
STEAL - give the boat forward motion using special helical movements of the stern oar.
GONG is a metal device in the shape of a plate for producing sound signals.
GOLIK - wicker top figure on a milestone.
RACES - yacht competitions. They are divided into class races - for yachts of the same class (or with equal racing points) and handicap races - with different races. points.
RACING YACHT - sailing yachts designed to participate in races. They are divided into yachts of international, Olympic and national classes.
RACING SCORE - a value expressed in meters or feet and indicating the speed potential - the racing power of the yacht. It is obtained as a result of measuring the hull, sails and calculations using special formulas.
GORDEN - 1. a lifting device consisting of a fixed single-pulley block and a cable (pendant) passed through it. 2. Running rigging gear for pulling the luff of a straight sail to the yard. A pride that pulls up the sail by the middle of the luff is called a bull-gorden.
GREP - the lower part of the cutwater.
GROTTO- oblique sail, raised on the mainmast (to the stern) of a yacht with an oblique rig, or straight, the lowest sail on the mainmast of a yacht with a straight rig.
MAIN MAST - the second from the bow and subsequent ones, except for the stern one, masts on a multi-mast sailing ship; middle mast on a three-masted ship; higher or second, with equal height. on a two-masted ship; mast if she is alone.
Mainsail-sheet - gear that stretches the lower luff of the mainsail along the boom.
GRUNTOV - a piece of cable securing the travel boat to the dinghy beams.
VISIBILITY RANGE - the maximum distance at which an object can be seen in the sea. There are geometric, optical and meteorological visibility ranges.
DEVIVATION - (for a magnetic compass) the deviation of the sensitive element (magnetic needle, card) of the compass from the direction of the magnetic meridian under the influence of the ship’s own magnetic field.
DEADWOOD - the underwater part of the stern or bow of a vessel at the junction of the keel with the sternpost or stem. On yachts it is densely filled with wood, plastic, cement, tanks, etc.
GOOD THINGS- common name some removable elements of equipment on the yacht (portholes, doors, ladders, railings, brackets, blocks, etc.).
DINGY is a type of single racing dinghy (crew - 1 person).
DP - diametral plane (yachts).
DIRIK-FAL - running rigging gear for lifting and holding the gaff at an angle.
TRIM - the inclination of the ship in the longitudinal plane.
BOTTOM - the recessed, underwater part of the hull of a ship.
GET - see choose.
DREK - boat anchor.
DREKTOV - anchor rope of a boat anchor.
DRIFT - the drift of a moving yacht from its course line under the influence of the wind, without taking into account the current. Drift is measured by the angle of drift enclosed between the wake (track line) and the yacht's DP.
ZHVAKA-GALS is a special device or attachment point for the main end of the anchor rope (chain) on a ship.
SURVIVABILITY - the ability of a vessel to maintain its operational and seaworthiness when damaged. It is ensured by unsinkability, fire safety, reliability of technical equipment and crew preparedness.
BALL-TALI - gear for holding the boom, preventing it from spontaneously being thrown to the other side at full heading.
LAY - 1. Secure the end, the cable. 2.Lay a tack (jarg) - a long movement on one tack.
ZENIT - on the vertical, the point of intersection of the perpendicular through the observer to the horizon plane.
NAVIGATION SIGNS - landmarks and structures that serve to ensure the safety of navigation of ships (lighthouses, leading signs, buoys, buoys, milestones).
PORTHOLE - a glazed opening in the side, superstructure, upper deck yachts.
IOL is a type of rig on a two-masted sailing yacht with a mizzen mast behind the steering gear.
TRUE COURSE - the course of the yacht taking into account magnetic declination and deviation.
CABLES - a distance of 1/10 part of a nautical mile (= 185.2 m).
CABLE - the original component of a plant cable, twisted from plant fiber.
KALISHKA (kanga) - a random curl or twist of the cable that prevents its free passage through the block pulley, fairlead, etc.
GALLEY - kitchen on a yacht.
CUNNINGHAM - soft, tacked Bermuda-cut sails (mainsail, mizzen).
CARRIAGE - an adjustable or movable device on the chase for transferring the direction of the boom-sheet pull.
CARD - a sensitive element of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.
CAT - a hoist or pendant for lifting the anchor on board, usually through a cat-beam.
CAT-BALKA - a shot on the foredeck to lift the anchor on board.
CATAMARAN is a yacht with two parallel hulls connected along decks. Has increased lateral stability.
ROCKING - vibrations of a yacht under the influence of waves, divided into longitudinal (keel) and transverse (side).
CABIN - yacht living space.
KECH is a type of rig on a two-masted sailing yacht with a mizzen mast in front of the steering gear.
keeling - 1. Artificial tilting of the yacht until the keel is exposed while moored (for cleaning the hull, repairs, etc.) 2. Dragging the offending sailor at the end under the keel of the vessel.
KEEL - the main beam of the longitudinal frame, lying in the DP of the ship.
KEEL BLOCK - an element of a supporting device for placing a yacht on land.
WHEEL - a formation of ships sailing in one line one after another.
WAKE JET - a trace on the surface of the water behind a moving yacht.
KILSON - (flor-timber) longitudinal connection of the bottom part of the frames.
KIPA - a diverting device on the deck for guiding the sheet of the head sail (staysail) to the winch, cleat.
BAY PLANK - a device for changing the direction of gear and preventing its breaks.
CLAMP - a stopper in the form of a lining on a spar tree that prevents the gear covering this tree from slipping.
KLEVANT - a cylindrical wooden block for attaching signal flags to halyards and other line connections.
CLASH - a thin line placed around the cable when it is braided.
CLANTERING is a type of rigging work in which thin strips of tarred canvas (clate) are placed on the cable, and then a cage.
JIVER - 1. An oblique, triangular sail, which is placed in front of the jib. The next sail in front of it is called a boom jib. If the jib is placed without attachment to the forestay (with a free luff), then it is called flying. 2. Head sail on a boat equipped with a split foresail.
KLOTIK - a wooden or metal blind washer worn on the top.
HAWKE - a hole in the bulwark, deck or side, edged with a rod or casting, used for guiding a cable or chain.
KLAMSY - thick belts, strengthened on the inside of the side of the ship, on which beams are placed.
KNEKHT is a part of a mooring device in the form of paired metal bollards on a common foundation attached to the deck. Mooring lines are laid in figures of eight.
BOOK - a plate (piece of wood) of a triangular or trapezoidal shape that connects the beams of the ship's hull that converge at an angle.
KNOP - a knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable.
KNYAVDIGED - the upper part of the cutwater.
COCKPIT is an open-top, enclosed space on a yacht for the crew to work while underway. A common self-draining cockpit is a small recess in the deck.
COAMINGS - vertical, waterproof fencing for hatches and other openings in the deck of a ship, as well as the threshold at the entrance to the room.
COMPASS (magnetic) is a navigation device, the operation of which is based on the use of the property of a magnetic needle to be installed in the direction of the lines of force of the external magnetic field.
COMPASS COURSE - the yacht's compass course.
COMPROMIS is a type of hull of a ballasted (keel) yacht with a centerboard.
THE END- 1.Not a metal cable on a yacht. 2. The actual ends of the tackle, one of which
the main one (fixed), and the other one is the running one (movable).
COUNTERTIMBERS - an inclined beam of a longitudinal frame, which is a continuation of the sternpost in the presence of a stern overhang.
BUTTERFORCE - 1. Spacer in a link of the anchor chain. 2. Spacer at the bulwark posts or rail posts.
ROOT END - see End.
STERN - the end of the yacht, starting from the afterpeak bulkhead and ending with the sternpost (countertimber) and transom (if equipped).
STERN LIGHT - white light at the stern of the vessel (COLREG-72).
YACHT HULL - the basis of the yacht, consisting of the outer shell (outer plating, upper deck flooring, superstructures and deckhouses), supported by frame and bulkheads.
OBLIQUE SAIL - see Armament.
KOSH - metal inner frame of the cable loop (ogan).
COFFEE NAGEL - a metal or wooden pin for laying gear.
COFEL-NAIL PLAN - a massive, rigidly fixed strip at the mast or side with holes for dowel pins.
CRUMBALL - see Cat-beam.
FRANCH - a device used to absorb impacts and protect the side of the yacht from a pier or other vessel at moorings and anchorages.
FRANCH BOARD - a board suspended from the side of the yacht between the pier and the fenders.
SPREAD - 1. Spacer that removes the shrouds from the mast. 2. Cross beam placed on the long saling. 3.Protrusion on the bit to support the chain hose.
CRUISING - sailing (walking) on a yacht from port to port, along a specific route.
ROLL - inclination of the yacht in the transverse plane (around the longitudinal axis).
KRENGEL - a ring, loop, half ring sewn into the sail at the luff or luff.
STEP COURSE (SHARP COURSE) - close-hauled. Steep (sharp) walking - the ability to keep the yacht in a steep close-haul without losing speed. The opposite is to walk around.
CIRCULAR LIGHT - a white light with a circular glow, usually displayed on a ship at anchor. For more details, see COLREG-72 and anchor lights.
CRUYS-BEARING - determining the position of the yacht by bearings to a landmark, course and distance traveled.
KUBRIK - a room on a yacht for accommodating crew and equipment.
HEADING ANGLE - the horizontal angle between the yacht's DP and the direction to the landmark.
YACHT COURSE - the horizontal angle between the northern part of the meridian and the direction of movement. There are compass (CC), magnetic (MC) and true (IR) courses.
YACHT COURSE RELATIVE TO THE WIND - the angle between the wind direction and the yacht's DP. There are: close-hauled, halfwind, backstay and jibed (right or left tack).
CUTTER - see tender.
KET is a boat with an oblique mainsail and a rotating mast placed on the foredeck.
TACKING - moving a yacht towards a target located to windward on close-hauled courses, periodically changing tacks (zigzag).
LAG - a device (device) for measuring the speed (distance traveled) of a ship.
LAGLIN - a line with special markings for hand and outboard logs.
LAGOM - the position of moored vessels or underway "relative to each other when they are aligned side to side."
LATA - a thin, flat flexible strip made of wood or plastic, inserted into a batten pocket sewn from the luff on a Bermuda-cut sail. Serves to give the sail the correct aerodynamic profile.
LATIN WEAPON - oblique armament with a triangular sail attached to a long, inclined rake (ryu).
WINCH - a mechanism for increasing traction when selecting gear by transmitting forces through gears of various diameters.
LEVENTIK - the position of the yacht with its bow against the wind when the sails stop working.
LEDGES - half beams, timber between carlings.
LINE - 1. A metal rod or cable along a spar for tying sails. 2. Fencing the upper deck of the yacht. Consists of metal railings
racks and cables or rods-rails stretched between them. See also - railing.
LYING IN DRIFT - to be under the influence external forces(wind, current), without using them for purposeful movement.
FLYING SAILS - those bow sails that are not attached along the luff to the forestays and are usually set in light winds.
LIGHTWEIGHT - a canvas bag with sand braided on top. Attaches to the throwing end and facilitates targeted throwing.
LIKPAZ - a semi-closed groove on (in) the spar tree, into which the lycrop or luff sliders of the sail are inserted, which ensures quick and convenient setting and retracting of the sail. Likpaz is also the main element of the forestay pier.
LIKTROS is a vegetable or synthetic rope of flat lay, which is sewn to the edge of the sail (luff) to increase its strength and fasten it to the spar. For jibs (jibs) on yachts, flexible steel cables are used, which are sewn into the luffs of the sails.
LINEK - a short tip, with a knot at the end, for punishing sailors in the old navy.
LIN - vegetable or synthetic, usually braided rope with a circumference of up to 25 mm.
Widely used in sailing (for lacing covers, flag-falls, lots, throwing ends, etc.).
TRAIL LINE - the line along which the vessel actually moves relative to the ground, taking into account drift and drift.
LISEL - the lower flying sail of direct weapons, is placed on a special spar tree - fox-spirit. On yachts it is placed under the boom at full heading.
LOXODROMIA - a line on the earth's surface that intersects all meridians at the same angle. On nautical charts in the Mercator projection rhoxodrome
represented by a straight line.
LONGA-SALINGI - longitudinal beams on the lower part of the top of the mast or topmast, which, together with spreaders and chicks, serve as the basis of the topsail or salinga.
LOPAR - part of the cable located between blocks or deadeyes.
LOT - a device (device) for measuring depths from the side of a ship.
LOTLINE - a line with a special marking of a hand lot to which a load is attached.
LOCATION - 1. Section of navigation that studies the conditions of navigation in the water basin.
2.Name of the navigation aid containing detailed description individual areas of water basins, their shores, navigational conditions, etc.
PIlot - a specialist in piloting ships in a certain area. Sometimes he is required to be accepted on board, but in no way replaces the captain.
BILLLE - a recess in the hold of a ship for collecting water, oils, etc. - bilge water.
Grommet - a round hole in a sail, awning, etc., braided with a cable or crimped with a metal ring.
LUGER - 1. An oblique trapezoidal sail hoisted on a rack. 2. Vessel with a lugger.
HATCH - a hole in the deck of a yacht for the passage of people, lighting and ventilation of premises.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION - the angle between the geographic and magnetic meridians at the considered point on the earth's surface. Positive for eastern declination, negative for western declination.
MAGNETIC COURSE - course taking into account magnetic declination.
MARK-1. Method of sealing the end of the cable. 2. Mark on the tackle, line.
MARKIZOVA LUZHA - the ironic name of the Neva Bay - the eastern part Gulf of Finland near the mouth of the river. Not you. Under the command of the Marquis de Traverse (19th century), the Russian Baltic Fleet never went further than Kronstadt.
MARS is a platform at the top of the mast for distributing wall shrouds and working with sails.
MARSEILLE is the second straight sail from the bottom, placed between the tops yard and the lower yard.
MARTIN-GIK - a spar tree suspended vertically under the end of the bowsprit for jib and bom-stays and martin backstays. Set name - bowsprit shot.
MARTIN BACKSTAY - a cable running from the end of the Martin boom to the side of the ship.
MARTIN-STAG - a cable running from the end of the Martin boom to the end of the jig.
MAT - a mat or rug made of soft rope.
MAST is a vertical spar tree that rises above the upper deck and is located, as a rule, in the DP of the ship. On a yacht it is used to set sails.
MAYAK is a navigation structure with a light source and its own fire characteristic, which serves to determine the location of the vessel.
SHALLOW - part of a water basin with shallow or relatively shallow depths.
MEL - a section of the bottom separated from the shore by deep water.
MERCATOR PROJECTION - a normal, equiangular cylindrical projection, most common in the preparation of nautical charts.
MEASUREMENT LINE (MILE) - a section of coastal waters with special leading marks on the shore, intended for measuring speeds and log errors.
MIDEL-FRAME (MIDEL) - the line of intersection of the outer surface of the ship’s hull with a vertical, transverse plane dividing its theoretical length in half
MILE (nautical) - a unit of length equal to one arc minute of the meridian (1852 m).
NAVIGATING TABLES - a collection of various tables necessary for solving navigational and astronomical problems.
COLREG-72 - International Regulations for Preventing Collisions, 1972
MUSING - a thickening (knot) in the middle or end of a vertically hanging cable that serves as a support for the legs.
MUSHKEL is a wooden hammer used for rigging and finishing work.
ON THE WAY - the term “underway” means that the ship is not at anchor, not moored to the shore and is not aground (COLREG-72).
YACHT HULL SET - a set of transverse and longitudinal beams that make up the skeleton of the yacht and the support for the hull.
WALK - touching the hull of a ship with a pier or the side of another ship without first extinguishing its own inertia.
WINDWARD (side, sheet, etc.) - located closer to the wind. The opposite side is leeward. To be upwind is to be on the side from which the wind is blowing.
NAVIGATION - 1. Navigation, shipping. 2. Section of the navigation course.
NAGEL - 1. A wooden or metal rod for fastening the hull and mast elements of a yacht. 2.See coffee dowel.
NADIR is the point of intersection of the vertical and the horizon line.
SUPERSTRUCTURE - an enclosed structure on the deck, extending from side to side.
BRACKETS - gear for securing equipment and property. To lash - to fasten.
DECK LAYER - its hard covering with wood, metal, plastic, etc.
NAUTOFON is an electromagnetic sound emitter that works in fog at individual lighthouses.
PATCH - reinforcement along the luff of a sail made of canvas.
POSITION MISCONNECTION - discrepancy between the calculated and observed positions of the vessel.
NEDGERS - beams on both sides of the stem, between which the bowsprit is attached.
UNSINKABILITY - the ability of a vessel to maintain buoyancy and stability when one or more compartments are flooded.
NIRAL - running rigging gear for cleaning oblique sails.
NOK is the free end of any horizontal or inclined spar.
The other end, which rests on the mast, is called the heel.
BOW - the forward end of the vessel.
ZERO DEPTH - conditional surface from which depths given are calculated
on nautical charts. Last year take the average long-term sea level, and in
tidal waters - the lowest possible level. In most European
maps for the year accept the average level of spring low waters.
HULL CONTOURS - the external outlines of the yacht’s hull, which largely determine the performance
high qualities, stability and seaworthiness, hull weight, displacement, capacity
cost, etc. Mainly divided into traditional (with elongated chin-
lem) and modern fin (dinghy type) lines.
LINK - sew on the lyktros.
YACHT MEASUREMENT - a special, control check of the dimensions of the hull, sailing gear
weapons, structural elements and equipment of the yacht for the purpose of establishing
its suitability for a particular class of yacht or for calculating a race score.
OBSERVATION - determination of the ship’s position based on observations of objects with known geo-
graphic coordinates (shore landmarks, radio beacons, stars, etc.).
SKINING - the surface material of the side of the yacht.
OVERKILL - turning over (capsizing) a yacht through (up) the keel (keel), like a re-
the result of an unsuccessful maneuver or a fall from a steep wave. Overkill is a frequent accident
sports dinghies. Techniques for their rapid restoration have been developed.
Overstay - a turn when the yacht changes tack with the bow crossing the wind line.
LIGHTS AND SIGNS - 1. Part C as part of COLREG-72. 2. Ship navigation lights and signs,
mandatory to be carried on board ships in accordance with COLREG-72, are a source of inter-
information from the courts necessary to assess the situation and ensure safe,
competent maneuvering and divergence.
OGON - loop at the end of the cable.
HOLD - slow down the turn of the yacht, the inertia when mooring, and prevent a pile-up.
BRAID - sealing (tying) the ends, braids, gear or spar with a thin line for
prevent gear from unwinding or snagging. See also - slandering.
ORTHODROMY - arc of a great circle on the surface globe- the shortest distance
standing between two points.
DRAFT - deepening of the yacht.
EQUIPMENT - 1. The rigging system on the yacht is standing and running rigging. See also-weapon-
yachting. 2. The process of attaching the main ends and wiring the running ends of the gear.
STABILITY - the ability of a yacht, which has become heeled for any reason, to straighten
lie. Insufficient stability resulting from too high a center
gravity, makes the yacht a roll prone to capsizing. Excessive stability
This leads to very sharp rolling, dangerous for the hull and spar.
SHARP COURSE - close-hauled. See also - steep course.
LEAVE - move the yacht away from the pier or other vessel.
GIVE AWAY - untie, unfasten, completely loosen the tackle, end. Give up the anchor - bro-
put it in the water and rip out the anchor end (chain).
DISTINGUISHING LIGHTS - See lights and signs.
SHALL - a shoal starting directly from the coastline.
GUARD - tackle, a device with traction, usually to the deck. Designed to control
connection with moving elements of the spar (booms, outrigger, etc.) or to ensure
creating the required thrust on the luffs of the slanting sails (canningham, barbara, etc.).
DEPARTURE - the difference between the meridians of the starting and final points of navigation,
calculated by the mean parallel in nautical miles.
PAYOL - flooring of the yacht's hold. As a rule, it is made completely or partially removable.
Groove - a gap between planks of sheathing or deck. The grooves are caulked, puttied
ut or fill with sealant.
PAL- 1.Hydraulic structure in the form of a separate support, designed for
mooring booms and ships. 2.Metal bar that prevents reverse
rotation of the spire.
PALGUN - the foundation of a spire with a gear rack around the circumference.
DECK - horizontal overlap of the main hull of the yacht along its entire length.
PANER is the moment when raising the anchor, when the anchor rope (chain) is vertical, and
the anchor has not yet separated from the ground.
SAIL is a propulsion device that converts wind energy into the work of useful thrust of the yacht (by type)
pu wing in the air flow). Sails come in hard (profiled) and soft
cues, from plant or synthetic materials.
SAILING WEAPONS - see the armament of a sailing ship.
PATENT-RIF - a device that allows you to wind a sail on a boom or on a rod inside
three booms for taking reefs.
BEARING - the angle between the vertical plane of the meridian and the vertical plane,
passing through the observer and the observed object. Similar to the courses,
There are compass (CP), magnetic (MP) and true (TP) bearings.
PENTER-HACK - a hook placed behind the claw or behind the bracket on the spindle of the anchor when it is raised
on the rustic or on the deck.
BULKHEAD - a wall dividing the interior space of the yacht into compartments (rooms
nia), as well as the outer wall of the superstructure or deckhouse. The load-bearing bulkhead is involved
in ensuring the overall strength of the case, waterproof - in ensuring
unsinkability of the ship.
RUDDER FEATHER - a flat or profiled element of the rudder that ensures the creation
lateral force and moment required to control the yacht. Located
in the stern area and is rigidly connected to the rudder stock.
PERTULINE - tackle (chain) holding the anchor by the bracket in the retracted position.
PERTS - cables stretched under the yard, on which sailors stand when working with sails.
PILLERS - a vertical post that supports the deck of a ship.
PIER - a pier on stilts, installed at an angle to the shore line.
Buoyancy is positive if the yacht remains afloat when completely flooded.
GUNSHIRE - a strip (beam) limiting the bulwark along the upper edge.
PLASTIC - coated, multi-layered, rectangle made of canvas with thimbles
along the perimeter, to close the hole in the side (apply, place a plaster).
Shoulder strap - a bar (rail) for moving sliders, carriages or piles along it.
Leeward - see windward.
PIDVOLOK - covering the ceiling in the interior.
VILLAGE - overhang of the stern of the yacht.
SELECT (PICK UP) - see choose.
HALFWIND - Gulfwind course.
FULL COURSE - courses jibe and backstay. In turn, courses such as beide-
The wind and backstay can also be full (closer to the wind) and steep (sharp).
TRAFFIC LANE - a certain area within which a one-stop
forward movement of ships.
SEMI-FLEASE - overhead fairlead with a cut for inserting a cable.
POMP - a mechanism for pumping liquids.
PONTON - a floating structure for supporting various devices on the water.
GROUNDING is an emergency stop of a vessel due to the keel or bottom touching the ground.
BALANCE BEAM - a beam reinforced along the freeboard protects the side
during pile-ups and during parking.
ADJUST (toward the wind) - change the course of the yacht closer (steeper) to the direction of the wind.
PRESSING - mooring lines supplied perpendicular to the vessel's DP.
TIDAL CURRENTS - horizontal movements of water particles caused by the action
tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun.
PROA is a type of catamatan with an outrigger-float located away from the main body.
LONGITUDINAL - moorings supplied from the bow forward, from the stern back.
STRAND - a component of a cable, in a vegetable cable it is twisted from heels, in a steel cable
twisted from identical wires.
STRAIGHT SAIL - see the rigging of a sailing ship.
TRAIL ANGLE (PU) - horizontal angle between the northern part of the true meridian -
on and line of the path.
PYARTNERS - a hole in the deck of a yacht through which the mast passes.
HEEL - 1. The end of the spar resting against the mast. The other, free end is a nok.
2. The outer (lower) part of the trend is at the anchor.
SPLIT FORE Sail, consisting of two parts: the front one - the jib and the back one -
foresail raised on a common rack (boat sail).
SINK - side overhang at the stern of the ship.
RAXES - metal rings or half rings, put on a forestay and tied to the front
on the luff of the jib or jib. On modern yachts, carabiners have been replaced -
mi or stay-pier.
RAX-BUGEL - 1. variant of the cable version of the bayfoot, when it is supplemented with rax-slime-
mi (wooden plates) and raks-klots (turned balls). 2.Ring with
a hook that runs along the mast and serves to lift the sail rake.
SPART TREE is the traditional name for a yacht spar, a set of over-
lube structures and parts of yacht rigs intended for
setting, unfastening and carrying sails (masts, yards, booms, bowsprit, etc.).
REVERSING - changing the direction of the force of a mechanical propulsion in the opposite direction
opposite (propeller, water cannon).
REGATTA - competition sailing ships, consisting of a series of races for various yachts.
RATK - 1. A spar, used for lifting the luff of an oblique, che-
a three-cornered, raked sail with a halyard laid behind the rax yoke. Unlike
from the gaff, the rack extends beyond the mast to the bow. 2. Staysail (jib)-boom. 3. Any thin
and a long spar element, used for the first time to carry sails on a yacht.
REY - a horizontal spar tree suspended from the middle and used for
attaching straight sails to it. The signal yard is designed for lifting
there are signal flags and signs (figures) on it.
RAID - an open, coastal part of the water surface intended for parking
vessels on mooring barrels, buoys or anchors.
RAILING - 1. A rigid, metal deck railing at the bow or stern of the yacht.
2. Railings - racks with longitudinal connections, replacing or extending
bulwark.
TURNIP - a special sealing of the end of the cable by weaving strands.
READERS - iron strips placed crosswise over the inner lining
or frames to increase the strength of the wooden hull.
RIF - underwater, or located just above the water level, a rock in shallow water.
RIF-BANT - a strip of canvas sewn onto the sail parallel to the luff
to increase its strength at the base of the reef sections (eyelets).
REEF GATES - (eyelets) holes in the sail through which reef lines are passed.
REEF-STERTS - see reef-sterns.
RIF-TALI - a hoist for pulling the luff to the yard (boom) when taking reefs.
REEF-PENDANT - gear for pulling the luff or luff to the boom
oblique sail when taking reefs.
REEF-SHTERTY (SHKERTY) - (reef seasons) short gear based in reef ghats (lu-
versakh), for tying the sail to the spar (rail) when taking reefs.
REEF SAILS - (take, take reefs), reduce the area of the sails using special
nal devices, gear and techniques. See also patent reef.
RICHER - a fully tailored sail made of light fabric with a high clew
angle and a large sickle along the luff. Placed in place of the jib.
ROMBOVANTS - shrouds passing through spreaders and secured at both ends
on the mast. Diamond spokes, as a rule, fall slightly forward.
ROSTR-BLOCKS - stands for installing boats on board a vessel.
ROSTERS - 1. A set of spare spars on a ship. 2. A row of beams on the sail -
nicks resting on the deckhouse, and on the sides on racks, serve to accommodate
ship's boats.
ROLL - a drum rotating on an axis with a groove for a cable, used as part of
bales, fairleads, blocks, etc.
HOUSEHOLDING - a structure on the deck of a yacht, not reaching the sides, with windows, doors, etc.
RUDDER - a structure consisting of a rudder blade, stock and tiller.
RUMB is a unit of plane angle in navigation, equal to 1\32 parts of a circle (11.25*).
TILLER - a lever rigidly fixed in the upper part of the stock, perpendicular to the axis.
LOCKER - 1. A closed box for personal belongings, built into the bed. 2. Premises on
shore for storage of yacht property.
RUSLEN - a small platform on the outer side of the side for attaching the deadeyes of the cables.
RUSTOV - a chain or cable holding the anchor by the heel in the retracted position.
FISH - wooden slats sewn over frames to prevent
damage to both the cargo placed in the hold and the sides.
RYU- 1. Lath in lateen sailing equipment. 2.Predecessor of the gaff on sailboats
ships when he went forward behind the mast.
RYNDA - a special ringing (2 strokes) on the ship's bell. This ringing is used to indicate
time (beating bells).
RYNDA-BOWLINE - a short rope with a button at the end, tied to the tongue of the bell.
SALING - a spar assembly in the form of a frame, consisting of longitudinal (long-saling) and
pepper (spread) beams, their attachment to the mast (chicks) and serves to drain
bram and wall-rods.
PILE - a tool for rigging work, punching strands when weaving cables.
LIGHT HATCH - hatch rectangular in shape on the deck of a yacht, fenced with a coaming.
SEGARS - rings that move freely along the mast (gaff) and serve for fastening
the luff of the sail to the spar.
SEZNI - ends for tying (tying) sails or parts thereof in assembled form.
SEY-TALI - hoists based between single-pulley and double-pulley blocks.
SEKSTAN - reflective type goniometric instrument for measuring celestial heights
luminaries and angles on the earth's surface.
SKY LIGHT - deck, skylight.
SKEG is an enclosing, vertical profile in front of the rudder on some yachts.
SKLIZ is the simplest lifting and lowering device with wooden paths for yachts.
DECLINATION-see magnetic declination.
BOTTLES - see bell.
CHINESE is the place of transition from the bottom to the side in the bow of the skin. There are sharp
curvilinear and “broken” cheekbones.
CHYGLE KEEL - a rib installed parallel to the DP of the yacht, from the bilge to the stern, forward
perpendicular to the skin, to reduce (calm) pitching.
SLABS - a line for attaching a sail (usually a trysail) to a mast or boat sail
SLEAMING - vibration of the hull when the bottom part of the bow end of the yacht is hit
about oncoming waves.
GEAR - vegetable, synthetic or steel cable, having a name and use -
used for setting, cleaning and controlling sails and masts on a yacht.
DELAY - deviation of the yacht from the course line under the influence of the current. Measured by the angle between
DP of the yacht and the route line, excluding wind drift.
SORLIN - a cable for lifting the rudder blade, detachable from the stock, or a cable (chain),
connecting the rudder blade to the body, to avoid loss of the rudder if it breaks.
SPINNAKER - triangular, isosceles, fully cut from lightweight fabric, front
a sail that is set on courses from gulfwind to jibe with windward
angle using a spinnaker boom and brace. The leeward brace is called a sheet.
SPINAKER-BOOM - a shot from the mast to move the spinnaker's throw angle into the wind.
SPLASH - connection of two cables of the same thickness.
Staysail - closest to the mast, forward, oblique sail.
Staysail-boom - see boom.
STANDING ANCHOR - the main anchor released from the bow.
STAR-KNITSA - a knuckle connecting the sternpost with the keelson.
MARKING SIGNS - coastal, paired navigational situation signs (lighthouses, farms
with shields, pyramids, etc.), designed to indicate direction, width
fairway, as well as for marking the measuring line.
STEM - stem on wooden ships.
Topmast - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the mast, raised with the help of
a wall-strap and held on the sides by a wall-shrouds, and at the rear by a wall-forduns.
STEPS - a wooden or metal socket (support) on the keel, in (on) which is placed
the mast with its spur.
STOP-ANCHER - an auxiliary, spare anchor, usually stowed on the poop deck.
STOPPER - 1. Device for clamping the running end. 2. Knot (button) at the end of the tackle, for
preventing it from spilling out of the block (bale).
STANDING RIGGING - see rigging.
STRINGER is a longitudinal element of the ship's hull frame. There are bottom, zygomatic,
side and deck stringer (carlings).
SLING- 1. A device made of cables for gripping (girth) and hanging from the hook of the load-
call. 2. A short end for tying something.
SHIP ROLE - list of crew and passengers with passport data, positions
on a yacht, recording the time and port of arrival/departure, on a form indicating the name
the vessel's location and its port of registry.
SHIP NAVIGATION LIGHTS - the main lights that all ships must carry in
sea: side, top, stern, towing, circular. See lights and signs.
GANDWAY - a portable ladder used to go ashore.
PATH CALCULATION - calculation of the coordinates and direction of movement of the yacht, taking into account the drift
fa and demolition. Hence the countable place.
TIDE TABLES - aids used to determine the moments of the onset
and heights of high and low waters every day, as well as heights of water levels at any
point in time at coastal points.
RIGGING - a set of gear for attaching and controlling the spar and sails.
The rigging is divided into standing ones - for securing the spar (shrouds, backstays, for-
dunes, stays), and running. The latter, in turn, is divided into running
rigging (spar halyards, braces, spar sheets, topenants, etc.) and running
sail rigging (sail halyards, nyrals, sail sheets, etc.).
TALI - traction, load-lifting device with manual or mechanical drive,
consisting of two single-pulley blocks (movable and fixed), through which
the cable is passed through. The presence of one lopar in the hoists reduces the applied force
doubled. See also hvat-tali, sei-tali, gini and lopar.
TURLEP - 1. A swivel, consisting of a body into which two steel rods are screwed -
ka with fittings for fastening tightened elements (gear, spar, etc.).
2. Eye eyes and a cable between them for tightening the standing rigging
TENDER (CUTTER) - Bermuda type sailing equipment single-masted yachts carrying
more than one headsail.
TOLBOY - a narrow, wing-shaped sail, which is paired with a reacher on courses 45 * -
120* to the wind, or with a spinnaker on sharp backstays.
BOOMBUY - a buoy tied with a thin cable (buyrep) to the trend of the anchor, to indicate
places where the anchor is released and the ability to lift the buoy on board. See buyrep.
TOP - the upper end of a vertical spar (mast, flagpole, etc.).
MASTER LIGHT - shining forward, white light on the mast, along the ship's DP. See COLREG-72.
TOPENANT - running rigging gear for holding parts at the desired angle to the deck
lei spar (reeves, geeks, etc.).
TOPRIK (TOPREP) - a cable or chain connecting the upper ends of two davits.
TRAVEL - the position when the bearing to the landmark is perpendicular to the yacht's DP.
ETCH - loosen, release or skip the cable while holding it. Reverse
action - choose.
TRANSOM - (transom board) flat, cut across the stern of the vessel.
TRANSOM PLATE - a plate hinged under the stern of a planing vessel, as an extension of its bottom, for adjusting trim and roll.
GALLERY - a staircase for communication between rooms on a yacht. Outboard - for lifting from a boat, out of the water.
TRAPEZE - a safety rope from the mast of a racing dinghy, for hanging the crew overboard when heeling (countering the wind, heeling moment).
TRAILER - a trailer for a car for transporting yachts, lowering them and lifting them out of the water.
TREND - the connection point between the arms and the anchor spindle.
TRIMARAN - three-hulled yacht.
TRISEL- 1. Storm, oblique sail of reduced area, made of durable canvas. It is installed instead of the mainsail, with a free luff (without a boom).
2. On sailboats, a slanting, quadrangular sail tied to a gaff, boom and mast or to a (thin) trysail mast behind the main one.
ROPE - rope-rope product made of natural or artificial fibrous
materials or steel wire.
HOLD - the space in the hull of a yacht between the inner lining and the floorboards.
TUZIK is a small boat on a yacht, secured on the deck.
TURACHKA - capstan drum, windlass.
FALL (downwind) - change course so that the angle between the yacht’s DP and the wind direction increases. DRIFT ANGLE - see drift.
DEMOLITION ANGLE - see demolition.
BOOSTER - sea knot.
KNOT is a unit of speed accepted in navigation, equal to one nautical mile per hour.
WISHBON - a bent boom on both sides of the sail (for example, on a windsurfer).
CONTROLLABILITY - the ability of a yacht to obey the control of the rudder and sails. It largely depends on the weather and the competent work of the crew.
STABILITY (on course) - the ability of a yacht not to deviate from the main course. Depends on design features and crew qualifications. MUSTACHS - curved, wooden strips on the heel of the gaff or boom, covered with leather and clasping the mast. DUCK is a small two-horned bar for fastening the free end of the cable.
FAL - gear used for lifting individual parts of the spar, sails, flags, etc.
FALIN - a cable attached to the bow or stern eye of a boat.
BULK - a belt above the deck of a yacht, designed as a continuation of the side.
FALSEKILL - 1. A heavy casting or loaded cavity of a streamlined shape attached to the keel to provide (increase) stability. 2. Bars, stuffed from below onto the keel beam, to protect it from damage to the ground.
FAIRWAY - a safe passage for ships in an area of navigational hazards.
FITTING - a fixed metal butt (device) for attaching gear to it.
FLOOR - the lower part of the frame frame.
FOC- 1. The lowest straight or oblique sail on the foremast. 2.Oblique, triangular
a sail (foresail staysail) hoisted on the forestay of a tender, sloop.
FORE MAST - the forward mast on a sailing ship with three or more masts. On a two-match
On commercial sailing ships, the front mast is the foresail, if it is lower or equal to the rear one.
FORDEWIND - 1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind, coinciding with its direction. 2.By-
gate when the yacht crosses the wind direction with her stern while changing tack.
FORDEK - the bow part of the deck of a ship.
FORDUNS - 1. Standing rigging carried from the top of the mast to the sides and stern,
complementing the backstays and, at times, replacing the backstay. 2. Standing tackle
crap, securing the topmasts from the sides and aft.
FORPIK - the outermost bow compartment of the ship.
FORE-beam along the contour of the bow of the vessel, rigidly connected to the keel.
LIGHT CHARACTERISTICS - the nature of the color and change in the glow of the navigation sign.
GRAB-HOIST - hoists consisting of single-pulley and double-pulley blocks.
WALK (on a yacht) - to be on board a yacht while sailing. See also - on the go.
RUNNING END - see end.
RUNNING LIGHTS - mouth. the name of a ship's navigation lights while the vessel is underway.
SNORING (SNORING) - a folding hook made of two hooks located towards each other.
CENTER OF LATERAL RESISTANCE - point of application of the resultant hydrodyne -
microscopic forces of water resistance to the lateral drift of the yacht.
YACHT CENTERING - reducing the horizontal distance between the center of sail and the center of lateral resistance of the yacht. CYCLONE is a vast air vortex around an area of low pressure, moving counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere). H
CHICKSTAY - a device (hoist) for adjusting the tension of backstays (foreuns), when bringing more than one backstay into one tackle near the deck. CHICS - attachments in the form of short bars on the mast to support long salings.
MOORING - a rope (mooring rope) designed to secure the yacht at the pier
or on board another vessel. They are divided into longitudinal, clamping and spring.
MOORING - a set of actions to approach and secure the yacht to the mooring site.
MOORING DEVICE - spiers, bollards, fairleads, views and other equipment intended for mooring. CENTERBOARD - a device in the form of a fin that retracts into the hull of the yacht (centerboard well), and ensures stability and reduction of drift in the lowered position. DOORBOAT - a shallow-draft yacht with a centerboard and a lifting, hinged rudder.
DECORDS - centerboards hung from the sides of the yacht.
SHIRSTREK - the upper chord of the outer skin.
PENDANT - a short, soft cable with a fire, thimble or block at the end, designed for lifting loads. SHKERT (SHTERT) - a short and thin cable for auxiliary work.
SHKIMUSHGAR - single-strand hemp line.
clew - tackle attached to the lower corner of the straight or lower rear corner of the oblique sail (clew angle) and drawn towards the stern of the vessel. The sheet holds the lower luff of the sail in the desired position. The boom sheets are equipped with hoists that allow the boom to be set at the desired angle to the wind.
SLAG - one full turn of the cable around something.
SHLAGTOV - a steel beam inserted into the spur of the topmast to hold it in place.
SLOOP is a type of Bermuda sailing rig for single-mast yachts with one front sail - a staysail (foresail staysail). SLOOP-BEAMS - a device in the form of two beams with a mechanism for hanging, holding and lowering over the side of a boat. FRAMED - the main curved beam of the transverse frame, the basis for the cladding.
SPACING - the distance between the frames. There are constructive and theoretical.
SCUPPER - a hole for the free flow of water in a horizontal plane.
SPIRE - a large gate with a vertical axis, for selecting an anchor chain and mooring lines.
SPOR - the lower end of any vertical spar, as well as the inner end of the bowsprit. SPRING - longitudinal moorings from the bow towards the stern or from the stern towards the bow.
SPRINT (SPRINT) - a rack that diagonally stretches a quadrangular, sprint, oblique sail. SPRIT-BUY - buoyancy of the milestone.
SPRUYT is a cable guy that distributes the load to two or more points.
SHEET PUN BELT - belt hull plating adjacent to the keel.
STAY - standing rigging gear located in the yacht's DP and securing the mast from the bow. On yachts, the lowest forestay is the main one, coming from the top of the mast is the top stay, and between them there are intermediate stays. If the forestay is used to set a sail, then it is named after the name of the sail. Stay connecting tops
mast is called a stay-carnage. See also backstay.
STAY-PIER - a profile with a lip gap (for the jib rope) covering the stay.
POST - stem and sternpost.
SHTERT - see shketr.
ROD - a rod across the anchor spindle.
STEERING WHEEL - a heading movement control body in the form of a wheel connected to the steering wheel.
STURTROSS - a steel cable (chain) used to transmit force from the steering wheel to the steering wheel.
BAYONET is an element of a sea knot.
SCHOONER - a sailing vessel with a slanting rig and two or more masts. On two-masted schooners, the front mast is equal to or lower than the rear one.
EZELGOFT - a forged wooden piece or forging for fastening two spar trees, has two holes - quadrangular and round. The quadrangular one is put on the top or bottom of the spar, and the round one is used to pass additional wood. (mast - topmast, bowsprit - jib, etc.).
ERNST-BAKSTAGI - gear for holding the gaff by the end (from the sides and to the stern).
ESTUARY - a bay at the mouth of a river, in the area of tidal currents.
UT - superstructure in the aft part. On yachts, the poop is the aft part of the deck.
YUFERS - a round, wooden block without a pulley, with three through holes, for wiring the lanyards.
ANCHOR LIGHTS - (white, all-round), ship's distinctive lights at anchorage.
YAL is a multi-oared (more than two) boat of the navy.
YACHT is a recreational vessel (sailing or motor), without tonnage restrictions.
A
Autonomy - duration of voyage without replenishment of fuel, water and food.
Water area — limited area of water surface.
Anticyclone - an area of high atmospheric pressure with air moving around its center.
Axiometer - indicator of the angle of deflection of the rudder blade or the axis of the propeller relative to the centerline plane of the vessel.
Arneson drive - type of transmission with a horizontal shaft.
Afterpeak- the outermost aft compartment of the ship.
Sternpost- the stern end of the vessel, an element of the hull. It can be framed on the transom or a continuation of the keel beam.
B
Baken - floating navigation sign installed at anchor.
Ballast- a liquid or solid cargo placed inside or outside the hull of a ship, providing the necessary stability and draft. It may also turn out to be redundant and talk a lot.
Baller - a vertical shaft that drives the rudder blade.
Jar— 1. A seat on undecked boats that also serves as a spacer between the sides. 2.Separately located shoal of limited size. 3. Container for storing worms.
Bar— 1. Alluvial shoal in the coastal zone. 2. A unit of pressure approximately equal to 1 atmosphere.
Barhout- thickening of the outer hull of the ship in the area of the waterline.
Beidewind- the course of the yacht, at which the diametrical plane of the vessel in relation to the wind direction is less than 90 degrees.
Seizing- ligation of thick cables with a thinner line.
Buttocks- lines of a theoretical drawing, giving an idea of the volumetric shape of the body.
Batoport— movable dry dock wall.
Beam- a transverse beam connecting the side branches of the frame, an element of the hull frame.
Bitt— a stand for fastening cables on large cruising yachts.
Bon- a fixed floating structure for mooring small vessels and other purposes and work.
Bora- aka Nord-East.
Barrel- barrel. Large float on a dead anchor. Facilitates the process of anchoring in difficult places. "Stand on a barrel."
Brand watch- a vessel installed to monitor something (someone).
Windlass— deck mechanism for raising the anchor.
Bridle- anchor cable, chain, rope, fixed with the root end to the anchor in the ground, and with the running end - to the barrel, boom.
Breeze- a coastal breeze that changes its direction during the day, due to the temperature difference between day and night between land and sea.
Throwing end- throwing end.
Broching- for sailing yachts: sudden loss of controllability when tailwind with the rudder blade coming out of the water and falling onto the cheekbone.
Buoy- floating navigation sign.
Buyrep- a cable, an anchor on the trend and a buoy on the surface. Indicates the location of the anchor and makes it easier to subsequently remove it when lifting.
IN
Vessel's roughness- a significant drawback is the property of the vessel to tilt due to insignificant external forces at large angles and very slowly return back to the equilibrium position. It is strongly manifested on ships with low stability.
Waterways- a bed on the open deck for water flow. Also used in the meaning of beams on the sides, as part of the deck flooring.
Waterline- the boundary of two environments, clearly visible on the ship’s hull. Of course, it depends on the load.
Spindle anchors- anchor rod.
Verp- auxiliary anchor.
Swivel— hinged connection of the spar. The fishing swivel is the younger brother.
Milestone- floating navigation sign. Guards hazards and indicates the sides of the fairway.
Vessel displacement- the amount of water that is displaced by the underwater part of a ship afloat. The amount of water displaced is equal to the mass of the entire boat.
- a jet engine that uses acceleration from the ejection of water through a nozzle.
Choose- pull up, pull on the tackle.
G
Harbor- coastal anchorage for ships, protected from the wind.
Huck- hook
Galfind- for sailing ships - a course with a center plane angle and wind direction of 90 degrees.
Latrine- toilet
Tack- wind direction relative to the hull. For example, starboard tack means the wind is to starboard.
Helmport— a cutout in the stern for routing the stock.
Planing- a mode of movement in which the ship’s hull is supported on the surface of the water only due to hydrodynamic forces, and not due to Archimedes. Possible only when a certain speed is reached and on planing hull lines (very low deadrise at the transom). Launching flat stones like a pancake across the water is a variant of planing. The stone will sink when stopped, but when planing, Archimedes' forces do not act, and if the required speed is maintained, a flat stone will be able to cross the Atlantic, provided there is absolute calm, of course.
D
Magnetic compass deviation— deviation of compass indicators associated with the action of the ship’s own magnetic field.
Deadwood— 1. The underwater parts of the ship’s points from the stern and bow, associated with the keel. 2. Outboard motor leg housing.
Smart things- the general name for various parts and small things included in the necessary and not so necessary equipment of the ship.
Vessel diametral plane- a vertical imaginary plane passing through the stem and sternpost.
Trim— inclination of the ship’s hull in the longitudinal vertical plane relative to the water surface.
Drek- small anchor on boats and tenders.
Drektov— anchor rope of the drek.
Drifting— drift of the boat relative to the course due to the influence of winds, but without taking into account currents.
AND
Vessel survivability— the reliability of the vessel and its ability to maintain its characteristics, even with severe damage.
Z
Pawn— 1. Secure the end of the rope. 2. Make a turn.
AND
True Course— course taking into account deviation and magnetic declination.
Bend- bend of the river bed.
TO
Cable— 185.2 m — 1/10 nautical mile.
Galley- kitchen
Cavitation- shock loads arising as a result of the collapse of bubbles of steam or gas, which were formed as a result of a critical decrease in pressure and met the boundary of a high pressure area. The result of this encounter can be impacts on the edge of the propeller with a force comparable to a hammer blow. As a result, the edges of the blades become chipped, which is why this phenomenon is also called cavitation erosion.
Cardinal system- a system for installing marine navigational danger signs, in which their detour and maneuvers are closely related to the cardinal points.
Cartushka- a part of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.
Deadrise- characteristics of the transverse profile of the boat hull. It is measured by a numerical characteristic at the transom and at the midships - deadrise angles.
Knecht- a metal thing for securing mooring ends.
Stern- the rear end of the ship. Whaleboat stern is spicy. The transom is a flat cut at the stern.
Keel- the main beam of a longitudinal set of various materials, located in the center plane. A keel boat may not have this device, but the deadrise will be formed by the joint of the skin sheets. Inflatable keelboats have an inflatable keelson, which, when inflated, rests on one side against the floor, and on the other, it pulls on the bottom fabric, cut in a special way, which creates the deadrise.
Keelblock— support for dry storage of the boat.
Wake— 1. The line of passage of ships in conditions of ice formation. 2. Formation of ships following the same line.
Wake jet- a trace on the water behind a moving ship.
Kilson- on rigid hulls - connection of frames in the bottom area.
Kippah- a horned device on the deck or sides for retracting sheets or springs.
Hawse— a hole in the body with a protective edging for wiring the gear. For example, an anchor chain.
Knitsa- a triangular or diamond-shaped plate connecting the elements of the body set.
Knop- a thickening or knot at the end of a rope.
Cockpit— open space on the upper deck for crew work. For example, for fishing or sunbathing. On good yachts, the cockpit can be easily recognized by the presence of a folding table with a bottle of wine.
Coaming— a waterproof threshold at the entrance to the wheelhouse or cabin.
Compass- main navigation device.
Compass heading- compass course.
End- any non-metallic cable or line.
Fender- a consumable material that softens the impacts of the hull on the pier or on other ships during mooring, departure and maneuvers. Fenders can be inflatable, wicker - expensive exclusive and simply stuffed with hemp. It is not recommended to enter a marina without fenders where very expensive yachts are moored.
Cruising speed— the most economical mode of boat movement. Each has its own and depends on many factors.
All-round fire- all-round fire.
Vessel heading- the angle between the northern part of the meridian and the direction of movement.
L
Tacking- on sailing yachts - moving to the intended point against the wind, by constantly changing the course, changing tacks.
Lag- a device for measuring speed and distance traveled.
Lagom mooring - mooring side to side.
Lateral system— navigation system for installing navigation signs. Mainly used in inland waters. Uses the principle of designating the axis of the navigation channel or its right and left edges.
Leventik- for sailing yachts - the position of the bow against the wind when the sail begins to idle.
Leer- handrail or fencing in the form of a tensioned cable.
Likpaz- the groove into which the lyctros fits.
Pilot— section of navigation. Cunning navigational aids for a particular navigation area - also called pilotage.
Pilot- a person who has a navigational guide or knows the navigation area by heart.
Luke- hatch.
M
Brand- sealing the end of a sheet or cable, or marking it for a specific purpose.
Lighthouse- lighthouse.
Midship- an imaginary line of intersection of the outer surface of the boat’s hull with a cross section that divides its overall length into equal parts.
nautical mile- the arc length of the meridian of planet Earth is 1 degree. Due to the difference in latitudes in different places on the planet, it has different meanings. The international value is 1852 meters.
N
Naval- contact of the hull with the pier or another vessel, occurring as a result of inertia.
Windward- located closer to the wind.
Superstructure- a closed deck structure from side to side.
Knights— tackle for securing equipment. Necessary item in a storm.
ABOUT
Observation— determination of location using objects with known coordinates.
Overkill- an unpleasant thing that inevitably entails an unplanned bath.
Overstay— for sailing yachts — changing tack with the bow crossing the wind line.
Ogon- a loop at the end of a cable or rope. An insert in a loop for protection against wear made of metal, leather, etc. is also called an ogon.
Possess- slow down the inertia of the ship.
Draft- the distance from the surface of the water to the lowest point of the vessel.
Stability- an important factor determining the ability of a boat, removed from a position of equilibrium under the influence of external forces, to return to its original position.
Go-ahead- a method of signaling when ships pass by using a person with flags or flashlights.
Fuck off- move away.
Give away- untie.
P
Pal— support for mooring. Sometimes also used to mean a locking pin.
Payol- flooring on the bottom of the boat.
Bearing- the angle formed by the meridian line and the line passing through the observer and the observed object.
Bulkhead— a wall separating the compartments of the body.
Pass sign- a coastal sign indicating the place where the fairway passes from one bank to another.
Stanchion— support for absorbing vertical loads of the body.
Gunwale- beam of the upper edge of the bulwark.
Podvolok- ceiling cladding in the ship's premises.
Valance- overhang of the stern of the ship.
Pick up- the same as choosing.
Half the wind— galfind.
Pontoon- floating structure.
Rest bar, rest stop— A beam of various materials running along the side. It works in conjunction with the fenders, but by itself only protects our boat from the pile-up.
Sterndrive- type of transmission with a horizontal shaft. Despite the fact that the engine itself is located inside the hull of the boat, thanks to the use of a cardan transmission, it allows the column to operate like an outboard motor - recline when hitting an obstacle and adjust the angle of attack.
R
Redan- can be transverse and longitudinal. A ledge, a step on the bottom of planing fast boats and speedboats. Without affecting hydrodynamics too much, the longitudinal steps serve to stabilize the movement and correct the wetted surface, a kind of “wet” triangle that is formed during planing mode. Transverse steps are designed to reduce the wetted surface at high speeds. However, the use of redans of both types should be made only after rather complicated calculations. By applying hull modification without hydrodynamic calculations and a lot of characteristics, you can significantly worsen ride quality vessel. For each case from reputable manufacturers, redans are used only after a series of test tests in the pool and in full size on open water, which, together with the design calculations, determine their number and configuration. In the displacement mode, the redans, especially the transverse ones, play a negative role.
Reverse- changing the direction of action to the opposite. Definition for motors. On suspended babies, up to 3.5 hp, reverse is carried out by turning the motor around its axis. On older engines - by shifting the gear lever. Essentially, engaging reverse gear.
Raid- open coastal part of the water surface. The roadstead is intended for mooring ships at anchors or buoys and mooring barrels.
Railing- deck fencing in the form of posts with cables, forming a kind of bulwark.
Recession— a niche in the stern for an outboard motor.
Reef- rock in shallow water.
Reef, take a reef— for sailboats — reduce the sail area by using special gear.
Rolls anchor— a device to facilitate the release/raising of the anchor. The roller can also have an anchor rope or chain stopper.
Chopping- a structure on the deck that leaves a passage on the sides.
Rumba- division of the compass card, a flat angle equal to 1/32 of a circle, 11.25 degrees.
Tiller— steering lever on the stock, or on the outboard motor.
Locker- a closed box for personal belongings or ship property.
Rym- a ring or half-ring, most often metal. It has a bunch of attachment points and it depends on what task a particular eyeball performs. For example, a mooring eye on the bow of a boat.
Bell- a type of chiming of a ship's bell. Recently, the bell itself has begun to be called a bell, which, in general, is incorrect.
WITH
Skeg- the lower part of the gearbox of an outboard motor or an angular column, a feather-fin. Some yacht steering devices also have a skeg - a profile in front of the rudder blade.
Slip- an inclined surface extending into the water and designed specifically for launching ships. On the slip you can also observe many funny situations that occur when boats are launched from the trailer.
Demolition— drift of the vessel from the course under the influence of the current without taking into account the winds.
IALA system- a system for fencing navigational hazards adopted by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities.
Cheekbone- in addition to the human one, it also exists on the hull of the ship; it represents the steepest bend of the side in the bow of the ship. Depending on the design and purpose, ships can be round-chine or sharp-chine.
Slan— removable bottom flooring.
Leading signs— paired signs along the banks.
Stop anchor- spare or auxiliary anchor.
Ship's role— a detailed list of crew and positions, time of arrival/departure on board.
Ship's passage- inland shipping routes marked on the map and navigational signs.
Gangway- portable ladder.
T
Rigging— a set of gear. It can be standing or running.
Lanyard- swivel with thread for tie.
Buoy- a float to indicate the location of the anchor.
Register ton- 2.83 cubic meters, 100 cubic feet.
Beam- the direction towards the object, which is perpendicular to the center plane of the vessel. The traverse can be right or left, and the distance to the object is the traverse distance.
Poison- loosen, hold. The reverse action is to choose.
Transom plate— an adjustable plate behind the transom, making it easier to enter the planing mode and reducing the running trim.
Ladder— outboard — for lifting/lowering people. Internal - a staircase for communication between rooms at different levels.
Trend- connection of the legs and spindle of the anchor.
Hold- the lower space on a ship under the floor, deck.
U
Knot- a naval unit of speed equal to 1 nautical mile per hour. On inland shipping routes, km/h is still used.
Duck- two-horn casting, often metal. Serves for easy fastening of cables and ropes to it.
F
False- gear for lifting all sorts of things.
Falin- a cable on the bow of the boat.
Bulwark— side plating of the deck above its level.
Fairway- a place for the safe passage of ships, with navigational signs.
Fordewind- for sailboats - a course that coincides with the direction of the wind.
Fordeck- bow part of the deck.
Forepeak— bow compartment to the first bulkhead.
stem- the bow beam of the ship, turning into the keel.
Freebort- freeboard.
Footstock— a pole with divisions to control the water level.
C
Cyclone - A large air vortex around an area of low pressure.
Sh
Shvartov— cable, rope for mooring.
Mooring- a set of actions associated with parking a boat.
Mooring device-all kinds of devices to facilitate the mooring process.
Shearstreck- one of the side plating belts, thicker than the others. Adjacent to the upper deck.
Schlag- one turn of the rope.
Frame- a transverse part of the ship's skeleton, a stiffener, part of the skeleton.
Spatzia- distance between frames.
Scupper- hole for draining excess water.
Spring— mooring lines from the bow to the stern and vice versa.
Sturtros— a cable for connecting the steering wheel with the tiller, stock or PLM.
I
Yacht- a recreational vessel without tonnage limitation.
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