The meaning of a motor-sailing vessel in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, BSE. Motor-sailing mini-yacht “Dugong” Theoretical drawing of the hull of the yacht “Dugong”

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (VI) by the author TSB

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (GI) by the author TSB

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (ZHI) by the author TSB

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (KO) by the author TSB

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (MO) by the author TSB

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (NA) by the author TSB

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (NOT) by the author TSB

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (PO) by the author TSB

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (PR) by the author TSB

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (SU) by the author TSB

From the book Great Encyclopedia of Technology author Team of authors

From the book Scooters, two-stroke and four-stroke. Operation, maintenance and repair author Team of authors

From the book What to do in extreme situations author Sitnikov Vitaly Pavlovich

From the author's book

Vessel A vessel is a floating device for movement and transportation by water and for performing special tasks. The characteristics of a vessel express its operational and technical data: speed, cruising range, carrying capacity, capacity, autonomy,

From the author's book

16.5. Scooter repair. Engine oil - replacement Before changing the oil in a four-stroke engine, you must first warm up the engine for 5–7 minutes and place the scooter on the center stand. If the engine has a replaceable oil filter, it is also

From the author's book

Motorized Vessel 1. If you are caught in a storm on a motorized vessel, head for the nearest shelter.2. To ensure that the water floods the deck as little as possible, try to swim towards the waves, reducing the speed to the minimum limit at which full-fledged swimming is possible.

The invention relates to water transport and can be used in the construction of sailing and motor vessels for transporting passengers across seas and lakes. The motor-sailing vessel has a hull from 24 to 36 meters long with internal cavities, at least one propeller driven by at least one diesel engine, at least one fuel tank, at least one tank for drinking water, a desalination plant, at least one mast with sails, a means of promoting unsinkability, made of a non-wettable, closed porosity material that fills the internal cavities of the hull, batteries, refrigerator chambers for storing food. The volume of the fuel tank or the total volume of fuel tanks is at least 8 cubic meters. meters. The volume of the tank or the total volume of fresh water tanks is at least 6 cubic meters. meters. The volume of refrigerated chambers for food storage is at least 4 cubic meters. meters. Inside the hull there is a hold and storage rooms for cars, boats, fishing and underwater equipment. The vessel is equipped with inflatable cylinders attached to the hull and batteries. The reliability and safety of navigation increases, and the autonomy of navigation is ensured. 5 salary f-ly.

The invention relates to shipbuilding. The goal is to create a vessel with an unlimited navigation area that has no analogues in terms of safety and autonomy.

From the level of technology (RU 2200118 and according to media reports) it is known that in a number of countries the construction of ships with autonomy of tens of years, nuclear power plants, means for the extraction of seafood, compartments for livestock, poultry, vegetable gardens, etc. has begun.

These vessels have significant disadvantages:

High price (up to 2,500,000 US dollars per passenger seat);

Large sizes, in which the skin for unsinkability upon impact, for example, on reefs must have a thickness of up to 300 mm and a correspondingly reinforced frame, which will increase the price of a passenger seat to 5-6 million dollars.

But this design will not ensure safety:

In the event of an impact, depressurization of compartments is possible, which will be impossible to repair outside a specialized plant;

If such a ship hits a tsunami, it will inevitably capsize and, even if it is not broken, will not restore its position on the water. The designers of the most durable ships - battleships - were unable to give them similar properties.

For these reasons, the length of the hull of a motor-sailing vessel of the Ark-1 type is limited to 36 meters.

Widely known are motor-sailing vessels with a length of 24 to 36 meters (URL: //www.vachting2000.ru/produkcija/ot-24m-do-40/) with internal cavities, having at least one propeller driven by at least than one engine (" Marine dictionary", page 332, ed. " Water transport", 1965), at least one fuel tank, at least one folding or telescopic mast with sails (RU 2041120) for passage, for example, under low bridges, at least one tank and at least one desalination plant (RU 42998) to supply the crew with drinking (fresh) water, at least one diesel or gasoline electric generator (RU 1320120), wind electric generator (RU 1134479, RU 2200118), hydroelectric generator (RU 2038264), solar (RU 2195754) and battery (RU 2038263, RU 2038264) batteries for providing the ship with electricity, refrigeration chambers (RU 86717, SU 1101380) for storing crew food, a means of promoting unsinkability, made of non-wettable, closed-porous material, which fills the internal cavities of the hull (RU 2252144, SU 338441, RU 2245816, RU 2175619, RU 13558) or which covers the hull plating (RU 71316) and inflatable tanks (RU 61677) located inside the ship's premises, filled with gas in the event of a threat of flooding.

In accordance with the rules of the Maritime Register (“Register of Shipping of Russia”, 1999), sailing-motor vessels up to 36 meters in length are equipped with tanks for liquid fuel with a volume of up to 0.8 cubic meters. meters. This fuel supply is sufficient to power the ship for 8 days. However, in cases of failure of wind generators and solar panels due, for example, to powerful magnetic storms with the simultaneous impossibility of weather conditions using hydrogen generators this time may not be enough to repair (replace) equipment or establish favorable weather conditions. The ship's power supply will cease.

On a motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type, energy security is achieved by placing fuel tanks with a volume of at least 8 cubic meters in the hull. meters, which is enough to power the ship for at least 80 days.

According to the same rules, the capacity of fresh water tanks of motor-sailing vessels up to 36 meters in length is no more than 2 cubic meters. meters. This is a reserve for 6 days, which, if the desalination plant fails, may not be enough to replenish water supplies.

On a motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type, the crew is supplied with water from containers with a volume of at least 6 cubic meters. meters. This water is enough for 24 days, during which time the desalination plant can be repaired or reached the most remote shores.

Vessels up to 36 meters in length are equipped, according to the rules of the Maritime Register, with batteries with a capacity of up to 10,000 Ah. However, if, due to technical or weather conditions, it is not possible to use other sources of electricity, such a capacity is sufficient to power the ship only for a day, which may not be enough to repair generators, replenish fuel reserves, or establish more favorable weather conditions.

The motor-sailing vessel "Ark-1" is equipped with batteries with a capacity of at least 50,000 Ah, which increases energy security fivefold.

To supply the crew with perishable food products while simultaneously saving energy consumed by refrigeration units, chambers located one inside the other, the spaces inside of which are ventilated, are used. However, in practice and according to the rules of the Maritime Register, passenger ships up to 36 meters in length are equipped with refrigeration chambers with a volume of up to 0.6 cubic meters. meters. The food that can be placed in them is enough to feed the crew for 33 days, which is normal under normal conditions, but not enough under extreme conditions.

The design of the motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type includes refrigeration chambers with a volume of at least 4 cubic meters. meters, which increases the autonomy of navigation in terms of food supplies to 320 days, and taking into account the use of seafood and commercial hunting products - up to 1100 days.

In order to ensure the buoyancy of the vessel even if it is completely flooded with water, foam materials and inflatable containers are used, filled with gas in the event of a threat of flooding. However, these methods do not solve the problem of quickly restoring the vessel to its normal position in the event of a capsize(s).

In a motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type, the problem of quickly restoring to a normal position after a capsize is solved by attaching inflatable cylinders to the upper edges of the sides, into which compressed gas is supplied only in the event of a capsize.

Designs of passenger ships of the specified length, according to the rules of the Maritime Register, do not provide for the presence of holds. However, in the event of an emergency, the crew will need a significant amount of materials, equipment, spare parts, clothing, etc., which are not taken on a normal trip.

On a motor-sailing vessel of the “Ark-1” type, supplies are also placed in a hold with a volume of at least 8 cubic meters. meters.

On passenger ships of the indicated sizes, according to the rules of the Maritime Register, rescue and traveling craft are located on the upper decks, and loading of the vehicle is not provided for at all. However, if the ship capsizes, any equipment will be washed away from the outer decks and the crew will find themselves without watercraft, and in the event of landing on an uninhabited shore, without a vehicle.

Inside the hull of a motor-sailing vessel of the “Ark-1” type, there is a special compartment for storing a car and a boat, located mainly in the stern at the waterline level and equipped primarily with a gate that lowers into the water - a ramp, which is rigidly pressed against the hull during the vessel’s passages.

As a rule, all passenger ships have lockers (boxes) for storing fishing and underwater equipment for sport fishing and scuba diving. However, if you are forced to spend a long time in autonomous navigation, the production of seafood will turn into an urgent need and the existing lockers will not be enough to store professional equipment.

On a motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type, stocks of fishing and underwater equipment are stored in special rooms with a volume of at least 4 cubic meters. meters.

The listed essential features of a motor-sailing vessel of the “Ark-1” type require the presence of rooms and cavities inside the hull, the volume of which limits the minimum length of the vessel to 24 meters.

A motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type is located at the pier seaport or on a roadstead in a fully equipped state. Its tanks are filled with fuel and water, the refrigeration chambers are loaded with food, and the hold is filled with supplies of equipment, spare parts, clothing, etc. A special compartment contains a car and a boat, rigidly secured in all planes between the bulkheads and decks. In the storage room for fishing and underwater equipment, its professional kit is folded and secured. The crew cabins are fully prepared for living. All mechanisms and systems have been checked.

If information is received about the threat of an emergency, the crew arrives on the ship, and it immediately goes to sea (ocean), heading towards the greatest depths.

In the event of receiving information about the occurrence of an emergency, the crew immediately lowers the masts and rigidly fastens them to the deck, after which they are located in the interior, closing all external doors and portholes, as well as watertight doors and hatches in bulkheads and decks.

If an approaching wave with a height three times lower than the length of the vessel is detected, the crew directs the vessel towards the wave.

If a wave of greater height is detected, the crew turns the ship sideways towards the wave, which capsizes it one or more times.

When the ship's overturns stop, the crew opens the valve for filling elastic containers attached to the upper edges of the sides with gas from cylinders previously filled with it. The containers quickly fill, facilitating the vessel's ascent from under the water in a normal position.

After the threats disappear, the crew goes to upper decks, deflates the air from the elastic containers, re-fastening them along the sides in a folded state, installs the masts, raises the sails and begins to move the vessel in the safest direction.

When the vessel is moving, wind, solar and hydroelectric generators are used to the maximum to save fuel.

To save food supplies, professional sets of fishing, underwater and hunting equipment are used to the maximum.

If it is necessary to survey a shore that is promising for landing, the gate - the ramp - is depressurized and lowered onto the water (shore), and a boat or car is unloaded from a special compartment.

If it is necessary for the crew to settle on shore, they are removed from the holds. necessary equipment, equipment, etc.

In general, the design of a motor-sailing vessel of the “Ark-1” type allows the crew to sail autonomously for up to 3 years, choosing a place to live on the shores of the seas (oceans).

1. A motor-sailing vessel, characterized by the fact that it contains a hull with a length of 24 to 36 m with internal cavities, at least one propeller driven by at least one diesel engine, at least one fuel tank, at least one tank for drinking water and a desalination plant, at least one mast with sails, a means of promoting unsinkability, made of a non-wettable, closed-porous material, which fills the internal cavities of the hull, batteries, refrigerated chambers for storing food, and the volume of the fuel tank or the total volume fuel tanks are at least 8 m3, the tank volume or total volume of fresh water tanks is at least 6 m3, and the volume of refrigerator compartments for food storage is at least 4 m3.

2. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least one hold with a volume of at least 8 m 3.

3. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has inside the hull a storage room for a car or boat with a volume of at least 8 m 3 .

4. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has premises inside the hull for storing fishing and underwater equipment with a volume of at least 4 m 3 .

5. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with inflatable cylinders attached to the hull and intended for an emergency emergency increase in the displacement of the vessel.

6. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with batteries with a total capacity of at least 50,000 Ah.

It's good that the British have a sense of humor. Their subtle humor sometimes manifests itself in the most unexpected ways, including for themselves. For example, such a serious matter as a competition for the best yacht design for a given trip - Yachting World Design 2000 Competition. The organizers started joking from the very beginning, publishing the conditions for its holding on... a black background. The “black” beginning determined the same ending. Instead of at least some results in one of the three categories of the competition and the publication of serious projects (certainly presented), the magazine "Yachting World" published five options for yachts that (I quote the article) "...cannot be taken seriously for this competition." And again on a black background!

And now jokes aside - we are going to sea far and for a long time. IN virtual trip on an imaginary yacht. The proposed tasks were very interesting for me. Navigation conditions at different stages of the route determined the technical requirements that had to be transformed into a chain of compromise solutions and, as a result, a viable vessel was obtained. Of the three competition categories - complete design, vessel concept and design of a single part or device - I chose the second: yacht idea.

What does a captain think about when he plans to spend three or four years at sea on a yacht? About the route, about the weather, about the crew, about myself, poor man, and about my ship.

The route is more or less clear - it has been set. Such a breathtaking, layered cocktail of sailing on the Ocean, on the roaring Ocean, on the tropical Ocean, on coastal voyages in shallow waters, on the wild and muddy Amazon, on lakes and inland waterways. The cocktail must be served with ice - with icebergs and ice porridge. We need to come up with something like this!

After a few weeks of sailing, the romance will fade. The crew will get lazy. Life will pass in three states: sleep-eating-watch. If the captain does not have to constantly think about making sure that something on the yacht does not come off or fall off, then he will sometimes be able to sleep peacefully.

On such a trip, the yacht should have plenty of everything: fuel, fresh water, food, the inside should be spacious, light, warm when it’s cold outside, and cool when it’s hot.

This is roughly what I thought before formulating my idea of a yacht for the competition on paper.

So, "Seal" is a small expedition sailing-motor vessel. The main design solutions that needed to be agreed upon when developing the concept of such a vessel are the following: high seaworthiness and hull strength, large sail area ensuring good performance under sail, stability, draft limitation, reliable steering gear, powerful engine, placement of large fuel reserves , water and food, the availability of comfortable cabins for all crew members.

Yacht dimensions

Construction: hull, deck and superstructure material - steel, longitudinal frame system with powerful frames and bulkheads. The plastic protective canopy is bolted to the superstructure. Hull plating thicknesses: underwater part - 6 mm, surface part - 4-5 mm, deck - 4 mm, superstructure - 3 mm. The hull is divided by three watertight bulkheads.

To reduce the draft, a heavy lifting bulb keel weighing 4 tons was used. In the raised state, the bulb remains outside the hull and is placed between two fins, which contain additional ballast, 2 tons each. This ensures sufficient stability of the yacht even with the keel raised.

A rudder is attached to each fin, which, with a shallow draft, ensures their reliable protection and sufficient total area necessary for good handling - even if one rudder is broken or lost.

The tunnel formed by the fins covers the propeller from the sides and allows you to protect it with removable grilles at the front and back (for example, when swimming in ice). With fins, the yacht can remain standing on the bottom during low tide, which can be used for inspection or repair.

Thanks to four eyelets welded into the hull, it is easy to lift the ship ashore in any port, as long as a truck crane can drive up to the pier.

Equipment, systems and fittings of the yacht: Perkins Saber M130C engine with a power of 130 hp. Sources of electricity: two groups of batteries (plus a separate one for starting the engine) and two diesel generators (7.8 and 2 kW). The batteries are recharged from solar panels, a wind generator, through a charger operating from the shore network, from any of the diesel generators or, when the engine is running, from three generators mounted on it. The desire to install two diesel generators of different power on the yacht is not accidental: it is advisable to use a low-power diesel generator for recharging, and a large one for operating the air conditioner and household electrical equipment.

Fuel reserves are 4600 liters in four separate built-in tanks.

Fresh water reserves are 1200 liters in four separate stainless steel tanks located forward of the engine room. To replenish fresh water supplies, an electric desalinator and, in addition, an emergency manual one are installed. Hot and cold water is supplied under pressure to the galley and all toilets, as well as to the deck shower. Two inset soft tanks for waste water are located one each in the bow and stern of the yacht.

Sails: main mainsail with three rows of reefs 51.5 m2, storm mainsail 29 m2, trysail 16 m2, genoa 94 m2, staysail No. 1 70 m2, staysail No. 2 50 m2, baby staysail 24 m2 , storm staysail 20 m2, gennaker. The genoa and jib are furled.

There are two control stations equipped with a hydraulic drive. The first one, providing good review, located immediately behind the cockpit on the main deck level; the second is at the level of the cockpit deck under the protective canopy.

The anchor device consists of two electric capstans, two 34 kg anchors, a 10 mm anchor chain for each anchor and an additional 17 kg aluminum anchor with nylon rope. This lightweight anchor with good holding force is used as a stern or imported anchor.

Yacht layout and household equipment: above the large engine room, convenient for servicing the engine and mechanisms, in the central part of the yacht there is a salon. On the starboard side there is a large chart table; on the left there is a dining table and a U-shaped sofa.

The yacht has three double cabins, each with toilet and shower. Aft on the starboard side there is a large storage room with an automatic washing machine. Gas cylinders in sealed containers with external ventilation are placed above the waterline, also in the pantry. There is enough space here to store food supplies, some sails, ends, and a folded inflatable boat. In general, storing an inflatable boat is always a problem. Conventional davits disfigure the yacht and prevent it from having a comfortable gangway and outboard ladder. And during a storm, a boat dangling on davits is easy to lose. On the Tyulen, you can store an inflatable boat in three places: rolled up in the already mentioned storage room, on the deck in front of the mast, or on a U-shaped crossbar that folds down from the stern beam.

The fully equipped galley is located forward of the salon on the starboard side.

When working on the Tyulen, I was limited by the conditions of the competition - the length of the yacht should not exceed 15 m. When developing a real project, I would lengthen it by 0.5-1 m, modify the hull lines, increase the distance between the fins, and carefully consider the lifting device keel.

In general, the concept of "Seal" as a yacht of unlimited navigation area, capable of withstanding any weather conditions, easy to maintain and having long term exploitation, I still like it now, a year after the end of the competition.

Basic data of the yacht "Dugong"
Maximum length, m	5,90
Length according to vertical line, m	5,34
Maximum width, m	2,30
Width along the vertical line, m	2,00
Minimum freeboard/at the bow, m	0,73/1,00
Total displacement, t	about 1.5
Sail area, mainsail + staysail, m²	13,05
Engine power, l. With.	12-25
Passenger capacity, persons	6

The major rivers of Russia for the most part represent a chain of vast reservoirs connected by sections of the channel of limited width and with strong currents. For tourist voyages on such rivers, motor-sailing vessels, equipped with sufficient equipment, are very convenient and most economical. powerful engine with a good supply of fuel, which allows you to overcome purely river sections (especially against the current), and with developed sailing weapons, which makes it possible to use free wind energy when crossing large reservoirs, lakes and reaches. The distinctive features of such vessels should be increased seaworthiness and high habitability, so that the crew can make passages even in fresh winds, when planing motor boats and motorboats are forced to wait out bad weather offshore.

Note that sailing ships are, as a rule, relatively slow-moving; their speed is limited by an upper limit V = 5.25 V - L km/h, where L- length along the waterline, m. The “power” provided by the sails is not enough to overcome this barrier, caused by a sharp increase in the wave resistance of the water.

For a sailboat, the same laws apply as for a motor vessel. In particular, in order for a ship to go into planing mode under sail, it must be relatively light and carry at least 60 m² of sail for every ton of displacement (compare with the engine power required for this - 40 hp per ton). It is impossible to increase the sail area arbitrarily - only depending on the displacement of the vessel: the more sails, the greater the risk that a gust of wind will cause the vessel to tilt to a dangerous limit or even capsize. To counteract the heeling moment from wind pressure, the vessel must be equipped with a heavy ballast keel, i.e., its displacement and draft must be further increased, which is associated with an increase in water resistance. Therefore, the real speed that a boat with a length along the waterline of about 6 m can develop under sails usually does not exceed 5 knots - i.e. 9-11 km/h, and average speed during the passage of such a sailboat it is 6-7 km/h. To cover this distance of 6-7 km, a planing boat of the same displacement and size as, for example, the one offered to your attention motor-sailing mini-yacht “Dugong”, will spend approximately 12 minutes of time and 6 liters of fuel. The owner of the boat, of course, will gain time - he will cover the same path five times faster, but the gain for the crew of the sailboat will be calm, silent sailing, which, moreover, will not have to spend a drop of fuel. The motor-sailing option allows you to combine the advantages of both types of vessels.

Having a sail on the mast, the navigator is freed from constant worries about refueling along the route; there is less danger of being left without power if the engine malfunctions; it becomes possible to relax on the boat itself, and not necessarily on the shore. With a favorable wind, a 6-meter sailboat can cover 100-150 km of travel in a day, and with the combined use of engine and sails, these figures become guaranteed.

Yacht "Dugong" - an economical motor-sailing vessel minimum dimensions, carrying a moderate sail area with a shallow draft (0.75 m), which does not limit the captain too much in sailing inland waters. At the same time, there is no centerboard, which requires constant attention from the crew and creates certain inconveniences - the well takes up space in the cabin. The Dugong's armament is designed to be controlled by a person who may not be experienced enough in sailing, but who wants to use a fresh tailwind. There is no point in tacking on such a motor sailboat, especially on short tacks and in the presence of a countercurrent - it is easier to start the engine and overcome the unfavorable section at the shortest distance. Therefore, in this case, one can put up with a developed (relative to the hull) cutting that worsens the tacking qualities, which, naturally, would be unacceptable in a purely sailing ship. The high deckhouse, open from the stern and being a weather-protected part of the cockpit, turns out to be convenient for placing the ship's control station and a small galley, which can be equipped with a gas stove. It is well ventilated; the person on duty can supervise the preparation of food; The dining table is located nearby - in the cockpit.

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1 - rudder blade glued from boards δ=30 mm; 2 - steering sector; 3 - cockpit coaming with internal lining made of plywood δ=6 mm; 4 - side niche; 5 - rack 60X28; 6 - handrail made of aluminum pipe or oak, Ø23 mm; 7 - side porthole, plexiglass δ=6-8; 8 - upper porthole, plexiglass, δ=6-8; 9 - mast steps; 10 - jib sheet shoulder strap; 11 - reinforced beam; 12 - mooring and towing bollard; 13 - bow rail made of pipe Ø22-25 mm; 14 - staysail butt; 15 - double bed; 16 - locker; 17 - galley table with drawers; 18 - false keel weighing 150 kg; 19 - bed flooring, plywood, δ=6 mm; 20 - gas stove; 21 - shelf for dishes; 22 - galley table, cabinet below; 23 - folding seat; 24 - removable table; 25 - divai; 26 - afterpeak - engine compartment; 27 - engine; 28 - mainline wiring blocks; 29 - muffler and exhaust pipe; 30 - semi-bulkhead; 31 - wardrobe; 32 - helmsman seat; 33 - steering gear; 34 - shelf for glasses; 35 - door to the bow cockpit; 36 - opening porthole.

The length of the sailboat was chosen to be minimal with the expectation of using standard length lumber to build the hull. At the same time, remembering the dependence of the maximum speed of the yacht on the length along the waterline, we can advise, if appropriate materials are available, to slightly increase the length of the Dugong (up to 7.5-8.0 m).

Ride quality, corresponding to the speed developed under sail, i.e. about 10-11 km/h, could be achieved with an engine of very low power, but developing a torque sufficient to use a propeller of increased diameter. Abroad, similar vessels are equipped with diesel engines with a capacity of 7-12 hp. With. However, domestic diesel engines installed on lifeboats and fishing vessels will be too heavy and large in size for the Dugong. From stationary engines, the 13.5-horsepower “SM-557L” (now out of production) and various gasoline engines from motor pumps and portable power plants can be used. It is important that such engines are not too bulky and that there is a device for reversing (for example, a controllable pitch propeller or gearbox), since without it the vessel will not be allowed to sail.

The most realistic, although less economical, option is to use outboard motors “Neptune-23”, “Whirlwind” and “Privet”. A 20-25 horsepower engine with a well-chosen propeller will allow you to reach a speed of about 15 km/h; in this case, the operating mode should be operation at slightly lower speeds, ensuring the greatest efficiency. The 12-horsepower “Veterok”, although it will allow you to get a speed of about 10 km/h in calm water, will not have the power reserve necessary to overcome a fresh headwind and current. Sometimes the efficiency of this motor when installed on sailing yachts can be increased by increasing the gear ratio or using an annular profiled propeller attachment.

The builder is given the choice of one of three options for installing an outboard motor. The simplest one is to hang it on the transom, making a recess in it. In this case, it will be necessary to either move the motor from the DP to the side, or make a steering device with two rudders located on the sides of the motor. A positive feature of installing a motor on the transom is the ability to tilt the motor when sailing, but we should not forget about such disadvantages as the vulnerability of the motor when mooring, the low location of the engine relative to the water, and inconvenience during repair and startup.

It seems most appropriate to make a power plant of the “Saildrive” type, disconnecting the motor head from the gearbox. The gearbox with the propeller is attached to the bottom from the outside, and the engine is mounted inside the hull on a simple spacer-foundation. The installation is compact, well protected from damage and flooding, and convenient for maintenance. An additional reduction gear can be mounted in the spacer. Since in this case the exhaust pipe of the motor is deeply submerged under water, it is necessary to mount a separate exhaust pipe with a muffler and remove the exhaust through the transom. To prevent water from entering the engine, the pipeline should be bent in the form of an elbow almost to deck level.

Not every amateur boatbuilder is capable of making such an installation, so we can offer an intermediate option - placing the outboard motor in a special well mounted in the cockpit. In this case, it is not difficult to make some kind of sliding suspension for the motor, which will allow it to be raised above the level of the bottom when sailing and to close the lower hole of the well with special flaps or a shield. The well should be placed as close as possible to the transom so that the recess of the exhaust pipe is not too large.

The hull contours, designed for sailing in the area of the upper speed limit (13-15 km/h), have a full stern and a slightly submerged transom; the large width of the hull provides the necessary stability and comfort of the vessel.

Theoretical drawing of the hull of the yacht "Dugong". Projections: half-latitude and side

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Completeness coefficients: δ=0.42; α=0.73; β=0.68.

Table of plasma ordinates

Line	Frame No.
Line	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Tr.
	Heights from KVL, mm
Side line - LB	950	890	646	808	780	759	746	732	726	732	746
Buttox B3	-	-	-	256	11	- 65	- 89	- 63	27	237	-
Buttox B2	-	673	68	- 122	- 171	- 205	- 210	- 178	- 133	- 56	66
Buttox B1	753	11	- 179	- 253	- 274	- 288	- 271	- 230	- 193	- 137	- 48
Kiel - LC	0	- 248	- 312	- 343	- 344	- 332	- 304	- 260	- 214	- 154	- 86
	Half-latitudes from DP, mm
Side line - LB	392	684	897	1040	1120	1152	1150	1130	1070	992	876
Waterline 7	176	511	766	944	1063	1125	1130	1112	1045	952	835
Waterline 6	110	473	733	919	1045	1160	1130	1096	1030	930	800
Waterline 5	96	426	696	890	1015	1080	1110	1078	1006	896	753
Waterline 4	55	364	638	835	970	1045	1070	1040	959	826	660
Waterline 3	20	295	549	753	892	980	1000	970	876	718	493
Waterline 2	-	199	418	616	740	821	870	815	677	426	-
Waterline 1	-	55	233	397	480	573	602	411	-	-	-
Kiel - LC	15	25	48	69	69	69	69	69	69	62	55

The main place for the crew to stay while underway is the cockpit and wheelhouse. The height under the “hard awning” is 1.6 m. The helmsman’s position is equipped with a folding seat. It is advisable to make the side glass of the cabin sliding for better review along the course during a roll. When sailing, you can switch to steering the tiller from the cockpit, and if the helmsman prefers to remain in the wheelhouse, then a plexiglass window is made in the roof to view the sails. Behind the back of the helmsman's seat there is a wardrobe, the upper part of which can serve as a table for a map.

The bow of the hull serves as a “sleeping cabin.” By covering the space between the bunks with a removable shield, you can create a sleeping area for three people. Two more can sleep in the cockpit for the night, especially if the top is covered with at least a sail draped over the boom. Of course, it is best to sew a special canvas awning, which will be useful when parked and on the move (under a motor) both in hot sunny and inclement weather.

It is important to provide the bow cabin with ventilation - make an opening porthole in the front coaming or a small hatch in the cabin roof. It would not hurt to have a small, hermetically sealed ventilation hole in the bow itself during bad weather (for example, combined with a beater), which removes stagnant air from the area near the stem. This is important to prevent rotting of the wooden frame.

Although the drawing shows an option for equipping the cockpit with an aft sofa and two folding seats on the sides, longitudinal cans are more convenient when sailing; Here you need to provide slots for installing a removable table.

It is advisable to place the main fuel supply in flat gas tanks closer to the midsection - under the cockpit floorboards between the shanks. 5 and 6 or along the sides under the lining. Their total capacity should be 80-100 liters. It is convenient to store additional reserves in canisters in the aft compartment, securing them from moving when heeling.

The sheets of the main sails - the mainsail with an area of 9.15 m² and the jib with an area of 3.9 m² - are carried to transverse shoulder straps made of pipe or steel cable. To increase speed in light winds, it is useful to additionally have a large jib - a genoa with an area of 7.0 m².

Details sailing equipment and some practical deck items can be made according to the drawings of the Sea Urchin dinghy (). The mast is installed in a step on the roof of the cabin; its design must be reinforced with an additional reinforced beam on the sp. 3. The book “15 Projects of Ships for Amateur Construction” (L., “Shipbuilding”, 1974 and 1976) can serve as a guide for building a hull. The hull design is almost identical to the Tyulen boat.

It is best to build with slatted sheathing on bent-glued or bent frames (see kit specification) followed by gluing the outside of the hull with one or two layers of fiberglass on epoxy or polyester resin. To increase the stability of the sailboat, a ballast false keel weighing 150 kg, which can be made of reinforced concrete, is attached to the bow of the outer keel. The outer layer of concrete is strengthened with a thin steel mesh, and after installation on the body, the false keel is covered with a layer of fiberglass. To attach the false pin to the body, four pins with a diameter of 10 mm, passed through the reinforced flora of the pin, are sufficient. 3-5. The studs can be bent in pairs from one rod in the shape of the letter P, to the “crossbar” of which it is advisable to weld plates or steel rods embedded in concrete.

Body Parts Specification:

Keel: section in the middle part - 120x25; in the bow and stern - 80x25; resinquil - 160x25 (120x25);
Internal fender - 25x60;
Zygomatic stringer (with bent frames) - 25x40;
Beads - 25x25, oak; glazing beads - δ=22, oak;
Wheelhouse and cockpit frames - 25x40;
Bent-glued frames - 25x40; spacing - 535;
Bent frames (oak) - 16x30; spacing - about 300;
Sheathing - lath 20x60 or boards 18 thick; make the workpieces 2-3 mm thicker for final gouging of the body;
Deck flooring, deckhouse coamings and transom - waterproof plywood δ=8;
Cabin roof and bulkheads - plywood δ=6;
Cabin strapping - slats 24X40;
The rudder is made from boards 28 thick;
Floorboards - plywood δ=8 or boards 14 thick.

MOTOR SAILING VESSEL

ship, sailing vessel with an auxiliary engine used to propel the vessel in calm weather in port waters and fairways where maneuvering under sail is difficult. As engines for modern P.-m. With. Typically, diesel engines drive the propeller. Most P.-m. With. - small fishing, transport, educational, tourist.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB. 2012

Yacht dimensions

Theoretical drawing of the hull of the yacht "Dugong". Projections: half-latitude and side

Body Parts Specification:

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what a SAILING-MOTOR VESSEL is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books: