What is excursion tourism? Types of excursion tours

excursion management tourism

Excursion (educational) tourism is one of the varieties tourism industry, traveling to get acquainted with historical and cultural monuments, natural attractions, museums, theaters, and traditions of peoples in a certain territory.

Accordingly, domestic excursion tourism is one of the varieties of the tourism industry of a given country, traveling within this country in order to get acquainted with its historical and cultural monuments, natural attractions, museums, theaters, and folk traditions.

The activity of excursion tourism consists of organizing tours of a historical, cultural, and educational nature.

Such tours are developed by travel agencies and operators and may represent various topics depending on the range of interests of potential tourists. For example, these could be literary tours to the places of life of famous poets and writers, historical tours to places associated with certain events of the past. Also very popular are tours that study the architectural features of cities and countries, folklore tours, tours with visits to art galleries, as well as tours of any other topic that are interesting to a certain circle of people.

The organization of excursion tourism can be carried out in two main directions - these are the so-called stationary tours, which are designed for tourists to stay in one city, as well as routed tours, which involve visiting several cities according to a predetermined schedule.

Typically stationary tourist routes involve a detailed study of the sights of one city.

Routed tours are designed so that the cities visited are located close to each other, so that a minimum of time is spent on travel, and they are not so tiring.

Excursion tourism includes many programs for tourists to choose from. If a route tour is organized, the guide travels with the group, or, alternatively, in each city visited, tourists are met by a professional guide who lives in that country and specializes in a specific topic. As a rule, such tours provide free time for self-study for each individual city visited - from half a day to a whole day, if the stopover time is more than three days.

Stationary tours, in turn, provide more free time, and they also have a more widely organized leisure program, which may include various creative meetings, national holidays, visits to restaurants with varied cuisine, including national, visiting exhibition halls and tasting centers.

Excursion service

This is the organization and provision of excursion services that satisfy a person’s needs for familiarization with spiritual and moral values, for the accumulation of knowledge, including professional ones, in the mode of free choice of objects, methods and means of knowledge.

Excursion services allow you to convey to the consumer (tourist, tourist) a complex of knowledge on history, culture, geography, ethnography, ecology, economics, etc. When participating in such excursion activities as visiting museum and exhibition exhibits, historical, cultural, natural, ethnographic, engineering and other attractions, the individual’s need to understand the surrounding reality is satisfied.

A person’s selectivity in choosing excursion services is subconscious. The excursionist (tourist) chooses those excursion services that satisfy several needs at the same time, i.e. have functional completeness. Thus, by visiting a country excursion, its participants not only satisfy the need for knowledge, but also, in combination with emotional and intellectual stress, eliminate the lack of movement, increase the efficiency of information exchange in the process of communicating with each other. Thus, excursion services can be considered not only as part of a comprehensive tourist service, but also as an independent type of service, the purpose of which is to satisfy the requests and needs of excursionists (tourists) in understanding the surrounding reality.

Considering excursion services as a result of the activities of tourist and excursion enterprises of the system organized holiday, it should be borne in mind that the complex of tasks of excursion services includes the organization of recreation, trips and travel with visits to historical, cultural, natural and other sites.

One of the popular trends in the modern tourism industry is excursion or educational tourism. It is believed that people have always traveled everywhere for educational purposes, and now this direction is only developing, new tourist destinations are appearing, new forms of excursions, and so on. At the same time, naturally, it is high time to debunk the myth that this type of tourism is suitable for everyone. And leading companies have already reached an individual approach to the consumer, occupying their niche in the market, choosing specialization and working for a specific segment. But what is happening now in the excursion tourism segment?

With all the popularization of excursion tourism as such, it is worth remembering that not every client who comes to a company is eager to see some sights.

In fact, there is simply no type of tourism that would be equally interesting to each of 100% of the sample.

If we talk about definitions, excursion tourism is, as you know, traveling to visit various attractions and obtain information about them. Photos, buying souvenirs, sparkling eyes and a willingness to accept interesting information. Moreover, I remind you that now we are talking about a classic group excursion, when a tour guide leads the group, leads bus tour(as an example) and conducts an inspection of the tourist center.

System-vector psychology gives a specific answer: only people with a visual vector are able and want to watch and enjoy watching. And if we're talking about about visiting historical centers, then these are also people with an anal vector. Purely anal-visual tourists, difficult to climb and difficult to accept new routes. But it’s worth remembering that people without the skin vector travel quite rarely (only if the anal girls follow their skin-visual girls), but only people with the anal vector are interested in history.

Are there many unclear words?

The word “vector” is a term of system-vector psychology. On the official portal you will find a description of all eight vectors and basic terminology.

Let's return to the anal-visual tourists. How do you even recognize them? They are stubborn, sometimes inhibited; when talking to them, you should never interrupt them or overload them with facts. They are attentive, even meticulous, to details. They are one of those who “cling to every little detail,” pulling out all the knowledge and even a little more from the manager. They can't be rude. If they feel that their rights are being violated, there will be no problems. At the same time, in good condition They are calm and attentive interlocutors. They often know more than the agent himself. They don’t like to change routes, they like to talk about “but in our time,” or “but before.”

Remember the professional jokes about those tourists who go to the same hotel year after year and book the same room (if possible)? It's all about them, tourists with an anal vector.

If we talk about promotion channels, there are also standard, accepted promotion channels via the Internet and spontaneous dissemination of information among commercial organizations. But we should not forget about the mental characteristics of a person with an anal vector. Multimedia sophisticated ways of conveying information are not always interesting to him. At the same time, he may well read newspapers, for example, magazines, “the old fashioned way.”

Excursion tourism itself is an anal-cutaneous-visual phenomenon. Look, enjoy the picture and historical surroundings, listen/read important and interesting information. They are reverent about antiquity. The anal vector is generally directed to the past; it lives in the present as in the past. It is from people with the anal vector (usually anal-visual) that you can hear phrases like “I was born at the wrong time. I wish I had lived several centuries earlier.” And they are the ones who enjoy immersing themselves in the historical atmosphere on theatrical excursions.

By the way, theatrical excursions are a wonderful find for tourism industry workers, aimed specifically at people with a visual vector, who are in love with the theater and are simply crazy with delight at the opportunity to put a mask or role on their face. This is done beautifully, for example, in the Tarkhany museum-reserve, which is located in the Penza region and immerses arriving tourists in the atmosphere of Lermontov’s ball.

Theater is generally visual. Get into a pose. Put on a mask. Pretend you're not yourself. And in the tourism industry, this desire to become someone else and be somewhere else can be satisfied through themed excursions.

Educational tourism is the same as excursion tourism, but without shades of entertainment. These are classic (anal-visual) excursions with dense material, showing sights, moving as part of a group or in pairs with a guide. There are options - and every year there are more and more of them. Industry workers are convinced that existing products are becoming boring, so they are constantly inventing something new.

In fact, when it comes to the anal-visual audience, there is no concept of “boring”. They are very conservative and may well travel along old, “time-tested” routes.

Religious tourism as a type of excursion

When we talk about visiting places of religious architecture, we always talk about religious tourism. Depending on the purposes, it can manifest itself as a pilgrimage or an excursion. The target audience remains the same: these are anal-visual people or skin-anal-visual people, in exceptional cases we are talking about sound people (but they, as a rule, travel alone and to hard-to-reach places, for example Tibet).

Only the mechanism for choosing a tour becomes different. Religious tourism - trips to “holy places” with the purpose of “seeing” and getting to know each other. It has long been noted that monuments of religious architecture are distinguished by their beauty and, in some cases, uniqueness. For example, the famous church with a wooden lectern in the village of Radishchevo or seven-domed churches, of which there are not many in Russia. Or world-famous places: Kizhi, Diveyevo Monastery, Kiev Pechersk Lavra, etc.

When compiling a tour and when promoting a tour, you need to focus on presenting information for the visual person. Respect his faith and desire to learn something new and combine the tour in such a way that he is comfortable. It is worth understanding that you will have to deal with people of very different religions. Ultimately, religious tourism of this type is the same as excursion tourism. A person travels to see and very rarely to pray. Pilgrimage tourism is not profitable and few people engage in it. As a rule, the monasteries themselves help pilgrims, because the purpose of the journey there is prayer. In any case, we are talking about people with a visual vector.

Excursion and educational tourism: abstract

One of the most popular types of tourism (due to turnover).

As a rule, classical forms of excursions are used, but over time, such as theatrical excursions appear.

Most interesting for anal-visual people who are in love with history, architecture, art, etc.

You should not count on the fact that new excursions will be in great demand - this target audience needs time to accept and “try out the product,” but they may well become loyal customers.

Don’t forget about “outdated” forms of promotion: newspapers, schools, thematic enterprises, etc. This target audience is receptive to such channels. At the same time, if we are talking about a new product, it is necessary to cover not only the anal-visual, but also the skin-anal-visual audience. People with the skin vector are always the first to take new routes.

Discounts for this target audience are not of great importance. While the price-quality ratio is key.

A tourism manager working with this target audience must have sufficient calm and politeness for a constructive dialogue with its representatives.

The article was written based on training materials on

Sightseeing tours are an excellent type of vacation for those who are not used to staying in one place for a long time, but want to get the most information and impressions in a relatively short period of time. At their core, excursion tours provide a unique opportunity to get acquainted with the history, traditions, and culture of one or a number of countries within the framework of one trip. As a rule, they include a very rich and extensive program that turns any trip into a truly unforgettable and exciting adventure.

Any leisure, which is associated with participation in excursion tours, is very useful, both from the point of view of physical development and in terms of cultural and moral enrichment. In turn, each excursion conducted by a professional and erudite guide will certainly bring a huge amount of pleasure. Legends, facts from history and events that are associated with historically significant places, are excellently remembered. Therefore, excursion tours are especially recommended for teenagers, students and children, because they allow you to combine business with pleasure, developing intelligence and erudition.

In most cases, the duration of the excursion tour does not exceed two weeks, and the routes can be either the most common or tailored depending on individual wishes. As a rule, these tours are organized by specialized agencies, which, in fact, are responsible for developing the tour program, as well as selecting guides, booking hotels and flight tickets. Sometimes you can purchase last-minute tours from such agencies - you just need to inquire about the special offers in force at the time of the planned trip.

Rules for choosing excursion tours

you need to determine the direction of your planned trip and find out which operators are represented in this segment of the tourism industry.

analyze price offers and here both too cheap and expensive tours are not guaranteed High Quality services provided. The fact is that the activities of the so-called fly-by-night companies that actually have nothing to do with the tourism industry.

Before deciding on the choice of a travel agency, you should take an interest in the reviews of clients who have already been served by this company.

Thus, today excursion tours can diversify our lives and bring many positive emotions, evoking only pleasant memories.

An excursion is a method of broadening your horizons. The purpose of attending this event is to gain knowledge about a particular subject, place or event. Due to the breadth of the concept of excursion activities, there are many types of excursions, into which they are divided according to some characteristic features.

What is an excursion

The word “excursion” comes from Latin and means a walk or trip. This term means an individual walk or trip to noteworthy places of interest from a scientific, educational or pleasure point of view. An excursion involves three elements: and the object (or subject) of the excursion.

The object of the excursion is an object or phenomenon of historical, cultural, aesthetic or scientific value. A visit to a place of interest is supervised by a guide. This is a qualified specialist who can give detailed information about the object to the tourist. One or more excursionists take part in the inspection of the object, depending on the type of excursion.

The purpose for which the excursion is conducted determines its direction. Often the trip is for pleasure. Such trips are an integral part. Otherwise, the excursion becomes an educational event.

An important distinctive feature of the excursion is the opportunity to contemplate the object and receive information about it. Without contemplation, a tour becomes a lecture; without an informative aspect, a tour becomes an inspection.

Story

The first excursions, according to many historians, include pilgrimage trips to holy places. Excursions of a sporting nature include the Olympics in Ancient Greece. But only at the beginning of the twentieth century did excursion activities become an independent area. The development of transport routes and tourism contributed greatly to this. The upper classes were able to freely travel to different parts of the world, as well as send their children to study in other countries.

Along with the travel, we began to conduct educational excursion activities with children. Their main goal was to introduce students to environment, that is, they were different kinds excursions into nature. At the same time, the active development of excursion activities led to the formation of various companies involved in organizing and conducting excursions.

Classification

Currently, to classify such activities, they use the characteristics identified by excursionist scientist B.E. Raikov, who is the founder of excursion work. Excursions are divided into types and forms depending on the following characteristics:

Content.
Composition and number of excursionists.
The place where the excursion takes place.
Method of moving the excursion group.
Duration of the event.
Excursion form.

Each of the above types of excursions has individual characteristics and characteristics.

Purposes of classification

The need to classify excursion activities arose for many reasons. The main one is simplification in the preparation and development of excursion activities. When planning a walk, it is important to consider that it should not only be educational in nature, but also bring positive emotions. Therefore, for an effective excursion it is not enough to know the subject of the display.

The guide needs to be well versed in the location of the walk and select points best review. The excursion should have some plot, which, telling directly about the object, will be supplemented interesting facts and the inclusion of the object's connections to famous personalities or significant events.

In case of a long walk, the guide should provide several breaks in the story for the group to rest. For some types of excursions (in primary school, for people with disabilities) the characteristics of the group should be taken into account.

The content of the excursion divides it into two types: overview and thematic. A sightseeing walk is a type of excursion that is multifaceted in content. Sightseeing tours, as a rule, are carried out to describe a city, region, enterprise or natural object. Such excursions have a certain structure. The property overview has several themes and subtopics, covering the large span of time over which the property has existed and relating the property to various historical events.

For example, when reviewing a city, the architectural subtopic includes a description of the features of urban planning, while the natural history subtopic talks about the flora and fauna of the area. It should be noted that each of the subtopics can be a topic for a separate excursion. A sightseeing tour is one of the most common types of excursions in tourism.

Types of thematic excursions

Themed walks explore one specific theme. There are six types of such excursions, each of which has narrower directions:

Historical is dedicated to one or more historical events, and the story is limited to the time frame of these events. The historical and local history direction describes the history of the area, the events taking place in the given area at different periods of time, and gives an idea of the formation of the excursion object. The archaeological direction of the excursion is a visit to the ancient and medieval monuments. Military-historical - talks about military actions. Ethnographic - description of customs and traditions. The historical-biographical direction tells about a historically significant personality. A separate area is visiting historical museums.
Quite often, field trips are held at school, especially in high school. The purpose of such events is to talk about the work of enterprises. This type has three directions. The historical direction tells about the history of the creation of the enterprise, the economic one - about the specifics and organization of the economic aspects of the activity, the technical one - includes a direct demonstration of working capacities.
A nature excursion gives an idea of the biosphere of the area being studied and has the following directions: biological, zoological, geological, environmental.
Art studies are devoted to a specific type of art. The direction of such an excursion is directly related to the type of art described. This could be a theatrical, musical, or cinematic direction. Such excursions also include visits to the workshops of artists and sculptors, house-museums of cultural figures, and so on.
A literary excursion has a biographical direction - about the life and work of a writer, a historical one - about the development of a particular literary genre or about the features of literary activity in different periods of time, an artistic direction - walks through places described in literary works.
An architectural and urban planning excursion can be aimed at describing the life and work of an architect, visiting architectural objects and architectural monuments.

Location

The venue divides excursion activities into five main types. An urban excursion can be either a sightseeing or a thematic one. For example, an architectural and urban planning excursion that tells about the features of the construction of buildings in a certain era and demonstrates the corresponding construction projects is urban.

Country walks include visiting unique natural objects or park ensembles. The distance to the end point of the excursion is rarely more than one hundred kilometers. There are several subtypes of such a walk:

excursion activities are held at the final point of the trip;
in addition to the overview of the end point, the story is carried out throughout the entire route;
The excursion is carried out during the trip and is accompanied by a demonstration of objects.

The museum type of excursion is, as a rule, of an art history nature. The theme of the museum excursion depends on the exhibition being visited. Complex excursions include a combination of several venues.

Duration

According to the initial division of excursion activities introduced by B.E. Raikov, the duration of the excursion was divided into three periods: one day, several days, one day with an overnight stay. However, nowadays this division has lost its relevance, since instead of multi-day excursions, weekend tours are conducted. The tour consists of several days and includes several excursions.

Form of conduct

There are the following types of excursions:

Extras. During the Soviet Union, this was the name for processions with posters and banners. Today these are mass trips of large groups of tourists. For example, this could be a country themed walk on several buses, each of which has a guide.
Walks. As a rule, they are of a natural history nature and combine acquaintance with the object and relaxation.
Lecture. When conducting an excursion-lecture, there is a predominance of the narrative part over the demonstration. Such lectures come on different topics. These types of excursions are the most common in teaching.
Concert. This is a musical excursion. It includes listening to musical compositions.
Play. This excursion is based on a work of fiction.

List of participants

The composition and number of excursionists is another indicator that classifies excursions into main types. Based on the number of participants, they are divided into individual and group. Individual tours are conducted for one excursionist, group tours are conducted for a group. The composition of participants may include different segments of the population and different In addition, excursion group may be visiting tourists or local residents.

Way to travel

The excursion group can be on foot or travel by any means of transport. The advantages of a walking tour are the free choice of pace necessary for a quality inspection of objects.

The transport tour provides a comprehensive overview of the facilities. As a rule, a bus is chosen as transport. The advantages of the trip also include the ability to choose the most suitable angle for display and the ability to inspect the object without leaving the vehicle. Such positive aspects are especially appreciated when conducting excursions for the elderly, preschool children and people with disabilities.

Specialized excursions

In addition to the types of excursions included in the generally accepted classification, there is a separate group of specialized excursions. As a rule, they are held to train or test the knowledge of students or employees of the company organizing such events.

Often organizations involved in conducting excursions conduct specialized courses for their potential employees. Educational excursions are one of the areas of such courses. They are held for students of excursion activities in order to clearly demonstrate the techniques and techniques of conducting a walk.

A trial tour is a method of testing the qualifications of employees or assessing potential employees. It may serve as a final exam for training course participants. The tour guides are qualified specialists who evaluate the guide’s skills.

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